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No. 46] THREE VAIDUMBA INSCRIPTIONS FROM KALAKADA
281 below it another subscript n exactly like the superscript (see minnaka, line 14). However, in pannu occurring several times in lines 3 and 4 and in yanna in line 7, subscript TM is written in two ways: either as subscript n without the seriff attached to it (as in pannu in lines 3 and 4) or like the cursive form of the subscript n as written even at present by attaching it to the right limb of (as in yanna in line 7). These different modes of representing apparently the same sound are noteworthy. In respect of other palaeographical features of individual letters, the record bears & close resemblance to the Bezwada pillar inscription of Yuddhamalla.
As for orthography, the anusvāra is used in place of the class nasal in samālingita (line 1), mangala (line 9), Vaiduíba (line 1), etc., and the class nasal in place of the anusvāra in Vēnānti (line 3), vāndu (lines 5-6), etc. The rules of sandhi are correctly observed.
Among individual words, santosa (line 3) is obviously used for santosha ; cf. santasa which is commonly found in Telugu and Kannada. As for the words alisina from alachu (cf. Kannada alisu, Tamil ali), vadasina from vadayu or padayu (cf. Kannada pade, Tamil adai), kada pina from kadumu (cf. Kannada kadubu), chirudera (cf. Kannada kirudere, Tamil chirrirai), padevāla (cf. Kannada padevala, Tamil padaiya!), etc., the affinity of their roots or bases to those of the corresponding words in Kannada or Tamil is readily discernible. The word Hechchu (line 6), spelt with the initialletter doubled, occurs in archaic inscriptions both in this form and as lachchu. In the word kabbada used as an epithet of Kēsiyanna, the composer of the record, perhaps on account of his literary attainments, kabba is the tadbhava of kāvya and is common both to Telugu and Kannada. The terms Rattodi and Rattagudi (lines 11-12), which are variants indicating the same office, are met with in the inscriptions of this period. The suffix anna in Chandiyanna (line 7) and the word Ovajanu in Dantiy-ovajanu (line 9) show the influence of Kannada. Attention may also be drawn to the forms okkodu (line 13) for okkadu or okkandu, aruvādi and goņuvāru (line 15) for aruvadi and gonuvāru respectively. The record furnishes us with an early reference to the coin called gadya, a still earlier mention of it being that in the Chēvūru plates of Chalukya Amma I (922-934 A.D.). It occurs frequently as gadyāna in Kannada inscriptions of this period.
The record states that on the happy occasion of his coronation, Bhuvana-triņātra Irugeya-mahārāja granted to the farmers (kāmpus) of Vēnādu (whose names are specified), all the minor taxes (chiru-deralu) inclusive of the tivul-desa, barring the Dogarāchappannu, Padiyeripannu, Padevālapannu and Sandhivigrahipannu.
of the records of Bhuvana-triņētra, three furnish dates. The earliest which is a copper-plate grant, the only one of this king or, for that matter, of this dynasty, so far known, is dated in Saka 893, while two stone inscriptions, one from Upparapalle and the other from Animala, both in the Cuddapah District, are dated in Saka 894 and 898 respectively. While the Uppara palle record mentions the king as Bhuvana-triņētra and the Animala epigraph gives his personal name as Irigāya after the usual prasasti, the record under review establishes the identity of these two by
1 Above, Vol. XV, Plate opp. p. 158.
* Above, Vol. XXVII, p. 230, D. text lines 5-6; p. 238, H. text line 21, eto. ; ibid., Vol. XV, p. 150, 811, Vol. X, Nos. 600, 606, 619, etc.
* An inscription of Saka 853 of the time of Vira-nolamba mentions another person named Nagamayya bear. ing the same epithet (Ep. Carn., Vol. X, Chintamani No. 43).
Above Vol. XI, pp. 342-343.
Ibid., Vol. XXVII, p. 42 and f.n. 3. • SII., Vol. XI, part i, No. 42, line 24, No. 45, line 47, etc.
* A. R. Ep., C. P. No. 7 of 1935-36; above, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 87 ff. Mr. P. R. Desai has shown that this date is irregular as the details given for it do not work out correctly.
.A.R. Ep., No. 325 of 1905. • Ibid., No. 196 of 1938,
