Environmental Doctrines of Jainism

Author(s): S M Jain
Publisher: S M Jain

Page 39

(b)
Apay Vichaya : To contemplate about vows, austerities etc. as ordained by Arhats in order to get rid of sinful activities. Vipak Vichaya : To contemplate and follow the teaching of Arhats about causation and effect of eight karmas (Jnanavaraniya and others) and measures to ascend qualitatively (Gunsthanas). Samsthan Vichaya : To visualize and ponder over the composition of the universe, its myriad constituents, animate and inanimate, their interactions, chronology and cosmology as told by omniscient Arhats and deliberate to follow the path to salvation which is freedom from mundane state, sorrows and pains of births and rebirths.
This classification and sub classification covers entire gamut of activities of mind, speech and body from inferior stages to higher and higher stages till salvation. The first two forms Artadhyan and Raudradhyan are inferior, derogatory and should be abandoned.
The next two Dharmadhyan and Shukladhyan are pious and instrumental in progress till salvation 1. Arta Dhyan : It is of four categories:
(a) Anisht Samyog (Unfavourable situations): It is brooding over painfully in harmful situations such as attack by enemy, in case of being surrounded by fire or face to face with dangerous wild animals tigers etc. to get over this Dhyan in such situations one should not get panicky or become inactive but respond with equanimity.
(b) Ishta viyog (Loss of pleasant situations, things). One feels pain and unhappy on loss of something pleasant such as money, job, dear and near ones. Equanimity can help to get out of it.
(c) Pratikool vedna (Mental and body problems) in case of disease the person broods over and over again on the pain, expresses it intensely, cries. To get over this tolerance is necessary.
(d) Nidan : The person continues to be anxious and aspires and tries hard to get the pleasures enjoyed in the past. The way out is to control and withdraw from indulgences in sensuous pleasures. 2. Raudra Dhyan (a) Hinsanubandhi - To take pleasure in mental and body violent acts. (b) Mrishanunbandhi : To delight in speaking lies even mentally
thinking to resort to lies. (c) Stayanubandhi : To derive pleasure in stealing bodily and even
contemplating mentally. Vishaysarankshanubandhi : To be busy mentally and bodily about
protection of hoarded wealth. 3. Dharma Dhyan : (a) Agya Vichaya : To contemplate and follow the teachings of Arhats
mentally and bodily.
4. Shukla Dhyan : (a) Prithakatva-vitark-vichar : Yogi contemplates on objects both
living and non-living in all their diversities and diverse modes
(Dravya Paryaya), shifting from one to another. (b) Ekatva vitark vichar: In this state contemplation is on unity of
diverse modes in its entirety on one mode at a time. Sukshma Kriyapratipati : This is only in state of omniscience in thirteenth Sayogi Kevli Gunasthana when life span is about to end i.e. in last phase of life. The omniscient stops all activities
except subtle breathing. (d) Samuchhinna kriyanivritti : It is in fourteenth 'Ayogi Kevli
Gunasthana when omniscient stops even subtle activity of breathing and then attains salvation, the ultimate. This is similar stage as 'Samadhi' mentioned in Patanjali's yoga sutra.
Such methodical, meticulous and comprehensive instructions about awareness (mindfulness) are necessary for welfare of an individual, family society and natural physical environment also. Awareness is necessary for individuals, families, groups, societies and nations for all sort of problems, apprehensions, diseases, calamities - natural and man made, wars conflicts, environmental degradation, so that proper timely remedial measures can be taken.
(d)
Vish