Environmental Doctrines of Jainism

Author(s): S M Jain
Publisher: S M Jain

Page 38

"Water, edibles, wood etc. should be properly purified and should be used with caution in proper manner i.e. in minimum quantities."
'इर्या भाषणादाननिक्षेपोत्सर्गाः समितियः । 19/5।।
- Tatvarth Sutra
"There are five cautions (samitis) and three restrictions (Guptis) to be observed while doing any activity so that one is always aware and concentrated. These are like eight mothers to guide. The five cautions are: 1. Irya: Walking with caution. 2. Bhasha : Speaking with caution. 3. Eshna : Caution while taking food. 4. Adan Nikshepan : Caution while moving things. 5. Utsarg : Caution while defecating, urinating and disposing any waste. 'सम्यग्योग निग्रहो गुप्ति । 19/4||"
- Tatvarth Sutra There are three restrictions austerities (gupties) while doing any activity. These are:
1. Mind : Not to have bad thoughts 2. Speech : Not to speak words that hurt 3. Body : Not to do any things that is harmful to any "आद्यं संरम्भसमारंभयोगः कृतकारितानुमत कषायविशेषौस्त्री स्त्रीस्त्रिश्च तुश्चैकशः । 16/8||
- Tatvarth Sutra "The cautions, restrictions and awareness should be observed while thinking, planning and executing any activity whether done by on self or through others or even consented and without psychic emotions of anger etc." Paradoxically monks who should be more aware than householders, do not accept the sins committed by householders in preparing food, cloth, utensils, shelters etc. though they know it. Monks do take the similar food, clothes, use shelters etc. Sin too is threefold,
either done by oneself or others or even consenting it, yet monks transfer the whole blame on householders.
"कालेण निक्खमे भिक्खु कालेण य पडिकम्मे। अकालं च विविज्जिता काले कालं समायरे।।1/3111
- Uttaradhyayan Sutra "There should be proper time management. Different activities should be undertaken at proper time as per schedule to utilize time properly and also to maintain biological clock for good health." Time management is an important constituent of awareness.
Awareness is also correct synonym for the word "Dhyan", and not meditation which is confined to a limited period of time from a few minutes to a few hours. Dhyan is for every activity, every moment.
In Jain system of yoga there is great emphasis on meditation and it is not confined to just sitting and contemplating but also implies undertaking all activities of mind, speech and body with awareness and mindfulness. There are four forms of Dhyan (meditation) described extensively and comprehensively :
"चत्वारि ध्यानानि प्रज्ञप्तानि, तद्यथा आर्तध्यानं, रौद्रध्यानं, धर्मध्यानं शुक्लध्यानम्।" "आर्तध्यानम् चतुर्विध प्रज्ञप्तम्, तद्यथा अमनोज्ञसम्प्रयोग सम्प्रयुक्तः .... मनोज्ञ सम्प्रयोगसम्प्रयुक्तः, आतङ्कसम्प्रयोग सम्प्रयुक्तः, परिजूषित काम भोग सम्प्रयोगसम्प्रयुक्त।" "रौद्रध्यानं चतुर्विध प्रज्ञप्तं तद्यथा हिंसानुबन्धि, मृषानुबन्धि स्तेयानुबन्धि, संरक्षणानुबन्धि। "धर्मध्यानं चतुर्विध प्रज्ञप्तं, तद्यथा आज्ञाविचयः,
अपायविचयः, विपाक विचयः, संस्थान् विचयः।' "शुक्लध्यानं चतुविधं प्रज्ञप्तम्, तद्यथा पृथकत्वावितर्कः सविचारी, एकत्ववितर्क: अविचारी, सूक्ष्मक्रिया - अनिवर्ति, सम्मूछन्न क्रिया अप्रतिप्राती।"
- Vyakhya Prajnapti Bhashya