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Introduction I
ple, in (I. 63, the reading adopted in the text is , while it is noted in the critical notes that G reads . One of the meanings assigned to the word by Hemacandra is JCHEH, a small pot.' Now the word appears as kunda with the same meaning in the Telugu language. The reading gizi is, therefore, to be preferred, and it is actually the reading found in the two additional Mss. XZ used in the present edition. Again in VII. 40 the Ms. Creads at while the reading adopted in the text is area. The word vetti occurs in the Telugu language with the meaning assigned to it by Hemacandra, and by the addition of the suffix of we get the form qizi. In VI. 24 iu and not ou appears to be the correct spelling. The word signifies provisions for a journey.' It is evidently connected with पाथेय. The Mss. BF actually spell the word पत्थणयं. In II. 41 कुडुच्चिअं is the reading of all the Mss. both in the verse and in the example. In the commentary only Breads leai while the other Mss. spell the word with a fê. Still, I venture to suggest, that as the word signifies sexual intercourse, it must be related to her and the correct spelling of the Prakrit word may be liai or slogai as in B. In VIII. 64 all the Mss. read a e , except only C which spells the word with y instead of fe. The meaning is at, dress'. There is another desi word 311ere given in the first section, and this too, among other things, means 'dress'. As 37 and at the beginning of words are liable to be interchanged and as the words, given above, should have come from Sanskrit *1x, the reading
is certainly to be preferred to the reading adopted in the text. Such cases as these are not numerous and I have not, therefore, thought it necessary to correct the text but left it as it stood in the first edition and suggested the corrections in the Glossary at the end.
Hemacandra, at the beginning of the work, explains what he considers to be a desi word.' Words which are not derived from Sanskrit in his grammar, which though derived from Sanskrit, are not found in that sense in the Sanskrit lexicons, which have changed their meaning in Prakrit, the change not being due to the secondary or metaphorical use of words, and which are used in standard Prakrit from times immemorial, are considered as desi by Hemacandra (I, 3, 4). Thus, he teaches in his grammar (IV. 2) that qot is one of the substitutes of the root 79 in Prakrit. In IJ. 136 he says that 14 assumes the forms Tex and as in Prakrit. The words ott, it and as are not, therefore, desyas and are excluded from the work. The Verbal Substitutes have been, as a natter of fact, considered as desi words by Hemacandra's predecessors (1. 11, 13, 20 ). Again the word 3772Tht signifies the moon in Prakrit, and it is evidently a bhava of *37asih which by some such analysis as 3yalfaiary can denote the moon. But the Sanskrit word is not found in that sense in any of the lexicons and hence 372fal is reckoned a desya and taught in this work. The word aga is a regular derivative of actae according to rules of Prakrit grammar, and as the latter word can by the force of getur mean & 'fool', the word as in this sense is not considered a desi word and, therefore, is not included in the work. Every provincial expression
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