Brief History Of Buddhist Studies In Europe And Maerica

Author(s): J W De Jong
Publisher: J W De Jong

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THE EASTERN BUDDHIST
Buddhistische Studien, ZDMG, 52, 1898, pp. 681-694 (=Kleine Schriften, II, pp. 957-970), in his book on the Upanişads which was published in 1915 (Die Lehre der Upanishaden und die Anfänge des Buddhismus, 1915, 2. Aufl. 1923, pp. 254–275) and in an article on the Sāmkhya-system, published in 1917, in which he stated unambiguously that Buddhism was influenced by pre-classical Sāmkhya.18 Jacobi defended his views against Oldenberg's objections in his Buddha and against Senart19 in a second article in which he did not fundamentally change his position.20 Richard Garbe (1857–1927) also believed that Buddhism was influenced by Sāmkhya, not by a pre-classical Sāmkhya, however, but by Kapila's system which he considered to be older than Buddhism.21 Dependence of Buddhism on Samkhya ideas had also been defended by other scholars such as Joseph Dahlmann (1860-1930)22 and Richard Pischel (1849– 1908).23 More careful in his judgment is A. B. Keith (1879–1944).24 La Vallée Poussin rejected Samkhya influence but did not elaborate his point of view.25 Recently Horsch stated categorically that all attempts to derive Buddhist philosophy from a primitive Samkhya (Ursāmkhya) must be considered as unsuccessful, but the last word on this problem has certainly not yet been said.26
Kern was the first scholar to advocate Yoga influence on Buddhism.27 On
18 Zur Geschichte der Samkhya-Philosophie, NGGW, 1917, pp. 218–253 = Kleine Schriften, II, pp. 1423-1458. On Buddhism and Samkhya see pp. 1445-1452.
19 A propos de la théorie bouddhique des douze Nidanas, Mélanges Charles de Harlez, 1896, pp. 281–297.
20 Über das Verhältnis der buddhistischen Philosophie zu Sāmkhya-Yoga und die Bedeutung der Nidānas, ZDMG, 52, 1898 = Kleine Schriften, II, pp. 662-676.
21 Einleitung zur Übersetzung des Sānkhyattvakaumudi, München, 1892, pp. 517ff.; Die Sāmkhya-Philosophie, 1894, pp. 3-5, 14-23; Sāmkbya und Toga, 1896; Die Sāmkbya-Philosophie, 2. Auflage, 1917, pp. 6-18.
22 Nirvana, Berlin, 1897; Buddha, Berlin, 1898; Die Samkhya-Philosophie, Berlin, 1902. 23 Leben und Lehre des Buddha, Leipzig, 1906.
24 The Sāmkhya System, London, 1918, 2nd ed., 1924, pp. 24-33; Buddhist Philosophy in India and Ceylon, Oxford, 1923, pp. 138-143.
25 Cf. Bouddbisme, études et matériaux (1898), p. 82; Indo-européens et Indo-iraniens, Paris, 1924; Nouvelle édition, Paris, 1936, p. 310; Le dogme et la philosophie du bouddhisme, Paris, 1930, p. 182.
26 Buddhismus und Upanişaden, Pratidānam, 1968, p. 475. 27 Geschiedenis etc., I (1882), pp. 366-405.
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