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**The Beginning of the Sutra**
**Salutation to the Jinas**
At the beginning of this scripture, the auspiciousness of salutation to the Jinas, in the form of the invocation of the nature of the Jinas, has been obtained by the words, "Namo Jinēbhyah."
**Verse 1**
"To those who are saluted by hundreds of Indras, whose words are sweet, clear, and beneficial to the three worlds, whose qualities are beyond limit, and who have conquered existence, to those Jinas, salutation."
**Explanation**
"Saluted by hundreds of Indras" - This indicates that they are worthy of being saluted by all, as they are the supreme lords of the gods.
"Whose words are sweet, clear, and beneficial to the three worlds" - This refers to the fact that their teachings are pure, free from all doubts, and beneficial to all beings in the three worlds (heaven, earth, and hell).
"Whose qualities are beyond limit" - This refers to their infinite knowledge, power, and compassion.
"Who have conquered existence" - This refers to their liberation from the cycle of birth and death.
**The Introduction to the Concept of Time**
These seven verses serve as an introduction to the concept of time. The first two verses are a salutation to the Jinas, while the next three verses provide a brief explanation of the five categories of time. The sixth verse defines the five categories of time in terms of substance, and the seventh verse discusses the rejection of the defects of confusion and contradiction. Thus, the introduction to the concept of time is divided into three parts: salutation, explanation, and definition.
**Verse 1**
**Word-by-word meaning:**
(Indrashatavanditēbhyah) - To those who are saluted by hundreds of Indras,
(Tribhuvanahitamdhuravishadavakyēbhyah) - whose words are beneficial to the three worlds, sweet, and clear,
(Antatītaguṇēbhyah) - whose qualities are beyond limit,
(Jitabhāvēbhyah) - who have conquered existence,
(Jinēbhyah) - to those Jinas,
(Namah) - salutation.