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## Translation:
**238**
While discussing the six substances and the five categories of matter, the movement of the soul and the pudgalas becomes a cooperative cause. This is similar to how punya is a cooperative cause in the attainment of the Siddha state by the liberated souls. Although the knowledge of the true self, free from passions and with pure self-experience, is the substantial cause for the liberated souls to attain the Siddha state, the karma of the Tirthankara nature, bound by the results without a cause, and the special punya in the form of the karma of superior endurance, etc., or the auspicious dharma, is the cooperative cause.
Similarly, although the inner auspicious or inauspicious result is the substantial cause for the movement of the four states for both the liberated and the non-liberated souls, the act of wearing the symbols of the substance, etc., and giving donations, performing worship, etc., or other external auspicious rituals are the external cooperative causes.
In the same way, although the soul and the pudgalas have their own inherent power within them, the dharma-astikaya is the cooperative cause for their movement in practice. This is the meaning. || 85 ||
In this way, three verses were spoken primarily about the explanation of the dharma-astikaya in the first section. This is the explanation of the nature of adharma.
**86**
Just as there is dharma-dravya, so know that there is also a substance called adharma. It is the cause for those who are engaged in the activity of staying, like the earth. || 86 ||
Just as dharma has been explained, so too should adharma be explained. However, there is a difference. It (dharma-astikaya) is the cause for those who are engaged in the activity of movement, like water. This one, however, is the cause for those who are engaged in the activity of staying, like the earth. Just as the earth itself stands firm and establishes others, and is only a supporting cause for the staying of horses, etc., so too adharma itself stands firm and establishes others, and is only a supporting cause for the staying of the soul and the pudgalas. || 86 ||
**Meaning:** Just as there is dharma-dravya, so too know that there is also a substance called adharma. However, it is the cause for those who are engaged in the activity of staying, like the earth.
**Commentary:** This is the statement of the nature of adharma.
Just as dharma has been explained, so too should adharma be explained. However, there is a difference. It (dharma-astikaya) is the cause for those who are engaged in the activity of movement, like water. This one, however, is the cause for those who are engaged in the activity of staying, like the earth. Just as the earth itself stands firm and establishes others, and is only a supporting cause for the staying of horses, etc., so too adharma itself stands firm and establishes others, and is only a supporting cause for the staying of the soul and the pudgalas. || 86 ||