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## 12. Description of the Five Categories of Substance
**Explanation:** In all places, one should understand the meaning of the five categories: words, logic, opinion, scripture, and emotion. In this way, for auspiciousness, the desired deity is saluted. Auspiciousness is a suggestive term, and along with it, five things should be mentioned as much as possible: the purpose of the text, the reason, the extent, the name, and the author.
Now, here, for the sake of students who are interested in hearing in detail, a special explanation of the six categories, starting with auspiciousness, is given, relying on the practical logic. This is an ancient saying:
"The great teacher, before doing anything else, should first mention the six: auspiciousness, purpose, reason, extent, name, and author, and then explain the scripture." (2)
The same is shown further:
(1) "Mangal" means that which melts or destroys evil or sin, or that which brings virtue and happiness, that is, gives it, is auspicious. The author of the text, desiring four types of results in the beginning of the scripture, salutes the deity in three ways. The four types of results are:
**Meaning:** To show that the author of the text is a believer, to follow the rules of courtesy and humility that have come down through tradition, to gain merit, and to remove obstacles. For these four reasons, the deity is praised at the beginning of the text. (3)
The three ways of saluting the deity are: that which is desired, that which is authorized, and that which is respectable. There are also three types of salutation: one is in the form of a blessing, the second is in the form of a statement of the nature of the object, and the third is in the form of a simple salutation.
This auspiciousness is of two types: primary and secondary. The primary auspiciousness is the praise of the qualities of the Jina. As it is said:
**Meaning:** The wise have said that one should perform auspiciousness at the beginning, middle, and end, so that obstacles are destroyed. That auspiciousness is the praise of the qualities of the Jina. (4)
It is also said:
**Meaning:** By praising the qualities of the Jinas, obstacles are destroyed, fear never arises, inferior deities do not transgress, and one always obtains the desired objects. (5)
It is also said: