Disclaimer: This translation does not guarantee complete accuracy, please confirm with the original page text.
## Chapter Four of the Karma Granth
**5**
The result of karma is the fruit, but in this context, *mano-asanyama* (lack of control over the mind) etc. are called *avirati* (non-restraint), not considering the cause and effect as different. It is seen that the lack of control over the mind etc., or *jova* (violence) etc., are all *kṣayās* (passions) themselves. ||51||
**178**
There are nine and sixteen *kṣayās* (passions), totaling twenty-five. There are fifteen *yogas* (mental states). Thus, in total, there are fifty-seven *bandha-hetu* (causes of bondage). ||52||
**Meaning:** There are nine and sixteen *kṣayās* (passions), totaling twenty-five. There are fifteen *yogas* (mental states). Thus, in total, there are fifty-seven *bandha-hetu* (causes of bondage).
In the first *guṇa-sthāna* (stage of spiritual development), there is bondage due to all four *hetu* (causes). In the second to fifth *guṇa-sthāna*, there is bondage due to three *hetu*. In the sixth to eighth *guṇa-sthāna*, there is bondage due to five *hetu*. And in the eleventh to thirteenth *guṇa-sthāna*, there is bondage due to one *hetu*. ||52||
**Ananta-anubandha (Further Explanation):**
**Meaning:** *Hāsya* (laughter) and *rati* (attachment) etc. are nine *noka-kṣayās* (minor passions), and *kroṣa* (anger) etc. are sixteen *kṣayās* (passions), which have been discussed in the previous *karma-granth*. *Hāsya* (laughter) etc. are called *noka-kṣayās* because they are companions and stimulators of *kṣayās* (passions), but they are *kṣayās* (passions) themselves.
The detailed explanation of fifteen *yogas* (mental states) has already been given in the 24th verse. Twenty-five *kṣayās* (passions), fifteen *yogas* (mental states), and the five *mithyātva* (false beliefs) and twelve *avirati* (non-restraints) mentioned in the previous verse, all together make fifty-seven *bandha-hetu* (causes of bondage).
**Mūla-bandha-hetu (Root Causes of Bondage) in Guṇa-sthāna (Stages of Spiritual Development):**
At the time of the first *guṇa-sthāna* (stage of spiritual development), all four *hetu* (causes) are present due to *mithyātva* (false beliefs). Therefore, they are the causes of the *karma-vaśa* (bondage to karma) that occurs at that time.