Page #1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 5. dharmavIra zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI [ DaoN. kumArapALa desAI } kALanuM satata pharatuM cakra paNa keTalIka ghaTanA ane vibhUtione lopI zakatuM nathI. keTalAya vaMToLa pasAra thaI jAya tema chatAM samayanI retI para paDelAM te pagalAM bhUMsAI zakatAM nathI. AjathI bANuM varSa pahelAM amerikAnA zikAgo zaheramAM bharAyelI vizvadharmapariSadamAM, pahelI vAra amerikAnA nUtana vizvane,bhAratIya darzana ane bhAratIya saMskRtino dRDha ane tejasvI TaMkAra ane raNakAra saMbhaLAyo. A pariSadamAM AvelA bhAratanA be pratinidhioe svadezanA AdhyAtmika vArasA pratye jagatane jAgatuM karyuM. AmAM eka hatA svAmI vivekAnaMda ke jemanI zikAgo vizvadharmapariSadanI kAmayAbI Ajeya sahunA hoThe rame che. paraMtu ethIya adhika siddhi meLavanArA jaina dharmanA pratinidhi zrI vIracaMdabhAI rAghavajI gAMdhI hatA, paraMtu gharadIvaDAone bhUlI janAro ApaNo samAja vIracaMdabhAInAM siddhi ane sAmarthyane vIsarI gayo che, je prajA potAnA cetanagraMtho jevA sattvazIla puruSone vIsarI jAya che e prajAnI cetanA kuMThita banI jatI hoya che. 39
Page #2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ ja0 arvAcIna jaina jyotirdharo vizvadharmapariSadamAM AjathI bANuM varSa pahelAMnI e ghaTanA para paDelo kALano paDado haTAvIne najara karIe. amerikAnA zikAgo zaheramAM maLelI e dharmapariSadamAM judA judA dezanA ane judA judA dharmanA traNa hajArathI vadhu pratinidhio ekatra thayA hatA. emAM eka hajArathI vadhu nibaMdhonuM vAcana thayuM. daseka hajAra zrotAjanoe bhAga lIdho. I. sa. 1893nI 11mI sapTembare enuM uddaghATana thayuM. vIracaMda gAMdhI, svAmI vivekAnaMda, pI. sI. majamudAra jevA vidvAno bhAratamAMthI A pariSadamAM bhAga levA mATe AvyA hatA. A aMtihAsika dharmapariSadano hetu hato jagatane judA judA dhamanuM jJAna ApavAno, sarvadharmanA anuyAyIo vacce bhAtRbhAva pragaTAvavAno ane e rIte vizvazAMti sthApavAnI enI nema hatI. ogaNatrIsa varSanA yuvAna vIracaMda gAMdhInI vidvattA ane vAgdhArAe sahune stabdha karI dIdhA. mAthe sonerI kinAravALI kAThiyAvADI pAghaDI, lAMbo jhabho, khabhe dhoLI zAla ane dezI AMkaDiyALA joDA. emanA paheravezamAM bhAratIyatAnI chApa hatI. A yuvAnanI vidvattA, abhyAsazIlatA, tATadhyavRtti ane vAkacAturyathI vizvadharmapariSada mohita thaI gaI. eka amerikana akhabAre lakhyuM, "pUrvanA vidvAnomAM rocakatA sAthenuM jena yuvakanuM jainadarzana ane cAritra saMbaMdhI vyAkhyAna jeTalA rasathI zrotAoe sAMbhaLyuM eTalA rasathI teoe bIjA koI pauranya vidvAnanuM sAMbhaLyuM na hatuM." vIracaMdabhAIe jaina dharmanA siddhAMtonI evI vidvattAthI vAta karI ke keTalAMka vartamAnapatroe emanuM pravacana akSaraza: pragaTa karyuM. jaina dharmanI paribhASA saraLatAthI samajAvavAnI anerI khUbI emanI pAse hatI. vAtane ke vigatane tArkika mAMDaNIthI spaSTa karavAnI emanAmAM anokhI kSamatA hatI. eka bAju potAnI vAtane samajAvatA jAya ane bIjI bAju e vizenuM potAnuM AgavuM arthaghaTana ApatA jAya. bhAratIya darzana samajavA mATe saMskRta ane prAkRtano abhyAsa ja pUrato nathI paraMtu bhAratanI bhUtakAlIna saMskRtinA saMdarbhane AtmasAt karavAnI jarUra rahe che. vIracaMdabhAIe A AtmasAta karyuM hatuM AthI ja kayAMka e jaina lAge che, kayAMka jainetara saMpradAyonI taraphadArI kare che, paNa badhe ja e bhAratIya lAge che. emanI vANImAM pothI paMDitanuM zuSka pAMDinya nahotuM, paraMtu UMDA abhyAsanI sAthe huMphALI lAgaNI ane bhAvanAono sparza hato. vivekAnaMda ane vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhInI vicArasaraNImAM anekAntanA upAsakanI vyApakatA ane sarvagrAhI dRSTi jovA maLe che. amerikAmAM emaNe mAtra jainadarzana para ja pravacano ApyAM nathI, paraMtu sAMkhyadarzana, yogadarzana, nyAyadarzana vedAMtadarzana ane bauddhadarzana vize paNa pravacano ApyAM che. jayAre svAmI vivekAnaMdanAM e samayanAM pravacanomAM hiMdu dharma tarapha vizeSa jhoka jovA maLe che ane bauddha dharmanI AkarI TIkA paNa maLe che. Ama chatAM A baMne samartha puruSoe ekabIjAnA pUraka banIne videzamAM bhAratIya darzanonI mahattA sthApI che.
Page #3
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharmavIra zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI nibhaka satyavAdI vakatA : vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhIe sadAya satyano pakSa lIdho. emanI nikhAlasatA, prAmANikatA ane jIvanavyavahAranI pavitratA sahune sparzI jatAM hatAM. A dharmapariSadamAM revanDa jyaoNrja epha. penTakosTa nAmanA laMDananA pratinidhie bhAratanI devadAsInI prathAnI TIkA karIne hiMdu dharmane utArI pADyo hato. hiMdu dharmanI A TIkAno bacAva karanArA eka mAtra vIracaMda gAMdhI hatA. emaNe kahyuM ke mArA dharmanI TIkA karavAnI hiMmata koIe karI nathI tethI huM AnaMda anubhavuM chuM. paNa mArA samAjanI TIkA thaI teno mAre javAba Apavo ja rahyo. vIracaMda gAMdhIe paDakAra pheMkatAM kahyuM : A e hiMdu dharma che, jene mATe grIsanA itihAsakAroe noMdhyuM che ke koI hiMdu kyAreya asatya bolato jAyo nathI ane koI hiMdu strIne kyAreya apavitra jANI nathI. ATaluM kahyA bAda vIracaMda gAMdhI sabhAne sAmo prazna kare che : "Even in the present day, where is the chaster woman or milder man than in India ?" noMdhapAtra bAbata e che ke vIracaMda gAMdhIne amerikA ane iMglenDanA aneka khristI sajajano sAthe gADha maitrI hatI, Ama chatAM emaNe bhAratamAM vaTALapravRtti kaMA khristI mizanarIonI nibhakatAthI TIkA paNa karI. 'India's Message to America' 3471 'Impressions of America'val 441HI 24 HOT 24Hraslal loko pratye potAno huMphALo pratibhAva Apyo chepaNa bIjI bAju "Have Christian Missions to India been successful' jevA lekhomAM pAdarIonI vaTALa pravRttinI kaDaka AlocanA paNa karI che. emaNe kahyuM ke tame tamArA mizanarIo pAsethI sAMbhaLyuM haze ke bhAratanA loko keTalA gaMdA, cAritryahIna ane luccA che. paNa tame kyAreya e mizanarIo pAsethI-jeo mAnavajAtane premano saMdezo ApanArA kahevAya che emanI pAsethI, bhAratamAM hiMduo para thatA julamanI vAta sAMbhaLI che? bhAratamAM sAruM bajAra maLI rahe te mATe livarapula ane mAMcesTaranA mAla para sarakAre koI jakAta nAMkhI nathI, jayAre bIjI bAju kharcALa sarakAra calAvavA mATe mIThA para baso TakA vero nAkhyo che te vAta tamArA mizanarIoe tamane kahI che kharI? e pachI zrI vIracaMda gAMdhI AkarA prahAra karatAM kahe che "If they have not, whose messengers you will call these people who always side with tyranny, who throw their cloak of hypocritical religion over murders and all sorts of criminals who happen to belong to their religion or to their country ? zikAgonI A vizvadharmapariSadamAM vIracaMdabhAIe jaina dharmanI saMkSipta paNa sacoTa rajuAta karI. emaNe jaina dharmane be bhAgamAM samajAvyo : eka jaina tattvajJAna ane bIjo bhAga ne jena nIti, navatattva, cha prakAranA jIvo, dravyArthika ane paryAyArthika ya saMbaMdhI jainadarzananI sUkSma vicArasaraNI, syAdvAda vagere tattvajJAnanI
Page #4
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ arvAcIna jaina jyotirdharo bAbato rajU karIne sahune mugdha karyA. jainAcAranI vizeSatA samajAvI jaina nItinI carcA karI. vizvanA astitvane lagatA praznanI tulanAtmaka carcA karatI vakhate emaNe bauddha dharma ane anya dharmo sAthe tulanAtmaka galeSaNA karI. jaina dharma bauddha dharmathI prAcIna che e tathyanuM pratipAdana karyuM. A badhAne pariNAme jaina dharma e eka pramANayukta ane buddhivAdI dharmapraNAlI che evuM satya sahune lAdhyuM. A navIna samaja aMgeno AnaMda pragaTa karatAM eka amerikane vIracaMdabhAI vize evo abhiprAya Apyo ke"dharmonI lokasabhAmAM aneka tattvaciMtako, dharmopadezako ane vidrAno hiMdustAnathI AvIne bolI gayA ane te dareke kAMI ne kAMI navI dRSTi rajU karI; dharmonA A milanamAM navuM tattva umeratA gayA, jethI te darekano dharma jagatanA moTA dharmonI haroLamAMno eka che evuM lAgyA vagara rahe nahi. uparAMta emanI vAkchaTA ane bhaktibhAva paNa viziSTa prakAranAM mAlUma paDayAM. emAMthI bhArobhAra pAMDitya ane ciMtanamanana sAMpaDathAM, tema chatAM e badhAmAM alaga tarI AvatA jaina dharmanA eka yuvAna gRhasthane sAMbhaLavAthI nIti ane philasUphInI navA prakAranI bhALa lAgI. Ama to teo mAtra gRhastha kuTuMbanA sajajana che, koI sAdhu-murkhAna ke dharmAcArya nathI chatAM ATaluM sarasa pratipAdana karI zake che tyAre emanA guruo kevA haze ? emanI sAdI paNa sacoTa jIvanadharma philasUphI jarUra samajavA-jANavA jevI che.' 42 zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhInAM jainadharmaviSayaka pravacanonI eka bIjI vizeSatA e che ke emaNe paradharmanI TIkAno Azaro lIdho nathI. emanI vicArasaraNI jIvanamAM ahiMsA ane vicAramAM anekAntanI bhAvanA dharAvanArA sAcA jainane jeba Ape tevI, sAMpradAyika Agraho ane pUrvagrahothI mukta ane taTastha che. zuddha aMgrejI bhASA, svAbhAvika rajUAta ane talasparzI abhyAsano triveNI saMgama emanAM pravacanomAMthI pragaTe che. emanAmAM dharmapracArakanI dhagaza che, paNa e dhagaza ADaMbarayukta ke chIcharI banI rahI nathI. dharmapracAranA utsAhanI sAthe abhyAsazIlatAnuM samIkaraNa karanAra emanAM vaktavyo, suzikSita amerikana samAjane sparzI gayAM hatAM. emaNe 'The Yoga Philosophy', "The Jain Philosophy' jevAM pustako ApyAM che, paraMtu emanuM uttama pradAna to, 'The Karma Philosophy' gaNAze, jemAM jaina dharmanI karma bhAvanAnI chaNAvaTa karatI vakhate emanI UMDI abhyAsaniSThA ane jAgrata dharmabhAvanAno mArmika paricaya maLe che. mahAna rASTrapremI : zrI vIracaMda rAdhavajI gAMdhI mAtra tattvaciMtaka nahotA, balke dezahitanI ciMtA paNa emanA haiye vaselI hatI. amerikAmAM hiMdustAnane vize evI mAnyatA hatI ke e "vAdha, sApa ane rAjAono deza" che. khristI pracArakoe paNa videzomAM hiMdustAnanI prajAnuM hINuM citra rajU karyuM hatuM. vIracaMda gAMdhIe videzIomAM bhAratanI sAcI samaja jAge te mATe vivekAnaMda jeTalo ja prayAsa karyo. emaNe bhAratIya saMskRtinuM mahattva batAvatAM videzIone kahyuM, "AzcaryanI vAta to e che ke bhArata upara videzIo satata humalAo karatA rahyA che ane e badhAM AkramaNonI Aphato AvyA
Page #5
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharmavIra zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI chatAM bhAratano AtmA jIvaMta rahyo che, jAgrata rahyo che. enAM AcAra ane dharma sAbUta che ane sArAye vizvane bhArata tarapha mITa mAMDIne javuM paDe che. saMskRtinAM lakSaNa, khetI, kalAkArIgarI, sAhitya, sadAcAra ane jJAnavijJAnanAM sAdhano, atithisatkAra, nArIpUjA, prema ane Adara-badhuM ja bhAratamAM koI judA ja svarUpe jovA maLe che. kharIdI zakAya evI e saMskRti hota to iMglenDa A dezamAMthI ene kharIdI laI zakata, potAnI banAvI zakata, paNa evuM nathI banyuM, nahi banI zake." cheka, I. sa. 1893 mAM vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhIe dezanA Arthika ane rAjakIya svAtaMtryanI vAta karI. eka vAra emaNe amerikana lokone kahyuM ke bhArata atyAre paradezI eDI nIce kacaDAyeluM che. e mAtra dhArmika kSetramAM svAtaMtrya dharAve che, paNa bhArata svataMtra thaze tyAre te hiMsaka mArge koI paNa deza para AkramaNa nahi kare. 1893mAM gAMdhIjI mAtra baeNrisTara hatA, te samaye vIracaMdabhAIe A bhaviSyakathana karyuM hatuM. emanI e kalpanA keTalI badhI vAstavika sAbita thaI! A dharmazAnA anokhA dvAnadraSTA hatA. A jagatanI pele pAranuM joI zake te krAntadraSTA, vartamAnane vIdhIne bhaviSyane jANI zake te krAntA . jyAre bhAratanA rAjakIya svAtaMtrayanI uSAnuM paheluM kiraNa paNa phUTyuM nahotuM tyAre vIracaMdabhAIe ema kahyuM hatuM ke hindustAna AjhAda thaze to badhA dezo sAthe zAMtimaya sahaastitvathI jIvaze. dezane AjhAdI maLI te agAu pAMca-pAMca dAyakA pUrve pele pAranuM darzana karatA vIraracaMdabhAI, "The Jain Philosophy" vizenA emanA pravacanamAM kahe che : "You know my brothers and sisters, that we are not an independent nation. We are subjects of Her Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria the defender of the faith', but if we were a nation in all that, name implies with our own government and our own rulers, with our laws and institutions controlled by us free and independent, I affirm that we should seek to establish and forever maintain peaceful relations with all the nations of the world." videzamAM sanmAna ane pracArakArya: zrI vIracaMdabhAIno eTalo prabhAva paDyo ke vizvadharmapariSadanA AvAhako ane vidvAnoe emane raugacaMdraka enAyata karyo hato. e pachI 1894nI 8mI oNgasTe kAsADogA zaheranA nAgarikoe emane suvarNacaMdraka Apyo hato. emaNe A zaheramAM "Some Mistake Corrected' aMge pravacana ApyuM hatuM. e pravacana pUruM thayA pachI pharI pharI pravacana karavAnuM kahevAmAM AvyuM ema baphelo koriyara" nAmanuM akhabAra noMdhe che. amerikAmAM emaNe "The Gandhi Philosphical Society' 2401 'The School of Oriental Philosophy ulkoil Q Rizelzuil sthApanA karI. zikAgomAM "Society for the Education of Women of India nAmanI saMsthA sthApI. A saMsthAnA maMtrI zrImatI hAvarDa hatAM ke jemaNe vIracaMdabhAInI preraNAthI zuddha zAkAhArI ane custa jaina dharma apanAvyo hato. svAmI vivekAnaMdanA
Page #6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ 44 arvAcIna jaina jyotirdharo ziSyA bhaginI niveditAnI jema zrImatI hAvarDa vIracaMdabhAInAM ziSyA banI gayAM. teo jenonI jema vidhisara sAmAyika paNa karatAM hatAM. A pachI zrI vIracaMdabhAI gAMdhI iMglenDa AvyA. ahIM emaNe baeNrisTara thavAnI IcchA pUrI karI, paraMtu A jJAnano upayoga emaNe arthopArjana mATe bhAgye ja koM. ilaeNnDamAM jaina dharmanI jijJAsA joIne emaNe zikSaNavarga kholyo. AgaLa jatAM laMDanamAM "jena liTarecara sosAyaTInI sthApanA karI. eka dharmajijJAsu harbarTa vorane mAMsAhArano tyAga karIne jaina dharmano svIkAra karyo. emaNe vIracaMdabhAInAM bhASaNonI noMdha rAkhI temaja aMgrejImAM jaina dharma vize eka pustaka lakhyuM. vizvadharmapariSadanA pramukha cArlsa sI. bonI paNa emanAthI prabhAvita thayA hatA. vIracaMdabhAIe bhAratamAM 1896-97mAM duSkALa paDyo tyAre bonI amerikAmAM sthapAyelI duSkALa rAhata samitinA pramukha hatA. A samitie tatkALa cALIsa hajAra rUpiyA ane anAja bharelI sTImara bhArata mokalyAM hatAM. zrI vIracaMdabhAI gAMdhIe A pravAsa daramyAna pa35 jeTalAM vyAkhyAno ApyAM. teo gujarAtI, hiMdI, baMgALI, aMgrejI, saMskRta, phenca vagere cauda bhASAo para prabhutva dharAvatA hatA. Ama ogaNatrIsa varSanI eka yuvaka paradezagamananI khaphagI vahorIne videzamAM dharmapracAra kare ane eka vAra nahi paNa traNa-traNa vakhata videzanI saphara karI mAtra jainadarzanano ja nahi paNa bhAratIya darzanano pracAra kare te virala ghaTanA ja kahevAya! bhAratamAM dharmasevAnAM kAryo : zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhIne alpa AyuSya paNa anekavidha yazasvI siddhiothI bhareluM che. 1884mAM onarsa sAthe bI.e. thanArA jena samAjanA e prathama snAtaka hatA. 1890mAM pitAnuM avasAna thatAM rovAkUTavA jevI kurUDhione emaNe e jamAnAmAM tilAMjali ApI hatI te jevItevI vAta na kahevAya. ekavIsa varSanI uMmare "zrI jaina esosiyezana opha inDiyA'nA maMtrI tarIke pAlitANa AvatA yAtrIono mUMDakAvero nAbUda karavAnuM kAma karyuM. mUMDakAvero ane bIjI raMjADathI parezAna thaIne ANaMdajI kalyANajInI peDhIe pAlitANAnA ThAkora sAme kesa karyo hato. paraMtu pAlitANAnA ThAkora surasiMhajI para poliTikala ejanTanA cAra hAtha hatA. poliTikala ejanTe zuddha nyAya na Apyo. vIracaMdabhAIe A prazna hAthamAM lIdho. e vakhate rajavADA sAme mAthuM UMcakyuM e sAme cAlIne motane bAtha bhIDavA jevuM hatuM, paNa emaNe mahuvA ane pAlitANA vacce avAranavAra ghoDA para majala kApIne samAdhAnanuM vAtAvaraNa UbhuM karyuM. muMbaInA gavarnara laoNrDa re ane poliTikala ejanTa karnala vorasanane maLI samartha rajUAta karI mUMDakAvero nAbUda karAvyo. aMgreja begamasAhebe sametazikhara para DukakaronI carabI kADhavAnuM kArakhAnuM nAnuM hatuM. te dUra karavA mATe vIracaMdabhAI kalakattA gayA. dastAvejonI jANakArI mATe kalakattAmAM cha mAsa rahI baMgALI bhASAno abhyAsa karyo ane Akhare 'sametazikhara jenonuM tIrthasthAna che, bIjA koIne tyAM dakhala karavAno adhikAra nathI' evo cukAdo meLavIne tema ja kArakhAnuM dUra karAvIne ja jaMpyA. kavInA derAsara aMgenA vikhavAdano suMdara ukela
Page #7
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
________________ dharmavIra zrI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhI 45 lAvyA. AMtararASTrIya vANijya pariSadamAM samagra eziyAnA pratinidhi tarIke hAjarI ApI. 1895mAM pUnAmAM bharAyelI inDiyana nezanala kaoNMgresamAM muMbaInA pratinidhi tarIke hAjarI ApI. teo rASTrIya mahAsabhAnA custa himAyatI hatA temaja mahAtmA gAMdhI sAthe emaNe khorAkanA akhatarA karyA hatA. teo gAMdhIjInA saMparkamAM paNa sArI rIte AvyA hoya tema lAge che, kAraNa ke vIrAMdabhAInA putra upara lakhelA eka patramAM gAMdhIjI AzIrvAda sAthe pUche che ke, "pitAjInA AdarzomAMthI kaMI jALavI rAkhyA che kharA?" AvI vIracaMda rAghavajI gAMdhInuM sADatrIsa varSanI vaye I. sa. 1901mAM muMbaImAM avasAna thayuM. mAtra sADatrIsa varSanI AyumAM kevI apUrva siddhi meLavI che vIracaMdabhAI gAMdhIe ! A siddhine aMjali ApavA mArI pAse koI zabdo nathI. mAtra rASTrazAyara IkabAlano eka zera che -- hajAroM sAla naragIsa apanI benrIpe rotI hai, baDI muzkila se hotA hai camanameM dIdAvara paidA. suMdara AMkhane mATe naragIsanA kulanI upamA ApavAmAM Ave che. A naragIsanuM puSpa hajAro varSanI potAnI jyotihInatAbenUrI mATe raDatuM rahe che. ghaNAM varSo pachI bAgamAM ene jonAro (dIdAvara) pedA thAya che ane te khIlI UThe che.] vIra cAMda rAghavajI gAMdhI e A camanamAM pedA thayelA AvA eka dIdAvara hatA! WWW.jainelibrary.org