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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi pichale kaI varSoM se snAtakottara kakSAoM ko hindI sAhitya ke prAdikAla kA adhyApana karate hue aneka mahatvapUrNa samasyAeM sAmane aaii| unameM se eka mahatvapUrNa prazna kavivara vidyApati ke sambandha meM uThA aura vaha yaha ki vidyApati eka uttAna zRgAra likhane vAle kavi haiM jinhoMne apane padoM ke sRjana meM jo varNana kiyA hai use par3hakara koI bhI prAlocaka unheM ghora zRgArI kavi kahane meM hI parama saMtoSa kA anubhava karatA hai / vidyApati par3hAte hue mujhe bhI yahI lagA ki vidyApati ke pada par3hAte samaya adhyApaka svayaM eka vicitra sthiti aura saMkaTa kA anubhava karatA hai, kyoMki vaha vizuddha rUpa se sAhitya kA adhyApaka hai kisI kAma bhAva (saiksa) athavA kAma sUtroM ko par3hAne vAlA adhyetA nahIM hai| vidyApati ke padoM kA racanA-viSaya (kAnTeMTa) nizcita rUpa se adhyApaka ko eka apUrva saMkoca meM DAla detA hai aura vaha jaise vaise una padoM kA abhidhArtha kahakara apanA kartavya pUrA kara detA hai| __ dUsarI ora vidyApati meM kavikarma aura sRjana ke aise marma bhI milate haiM ki unakI kRtiyAM unheM mithilA kA amara kavi banane kA gaurava pradAna kie hue hai| sAtha hI sAtha unakI nacAriyAM aura anya pada par3hakara yaha bAta sahaja hI uThatI hai ki bhakti aura zRgAra jaise virodhI bhAvoM ko kAvya kA viSaya banAkara vidyApati eka Thosa vyaktitva kI chApa chor3a gae haiM to yaha bhI bAta samajha meM Ane lagatI hai ki vidyApati ke kAvyoM kA samyaka adhyayana kadAcita adyAvadhi nahIM ho pAyA hai aura yahI kAraNa hai ki vidyApati jaisI sampanna kRti ko pAlocakoM ne ghora zRgArI kahakara eka ora rakha diyA hai| isa samasta pRSTha bhUmi ko dhyAna meM rakhakara hamane vidyApati ke mUlyAMkana para kaI dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA aura isa samasta adhyayana kA phala yaha nikalA ki unake vyaktitva kA eka viziSTa pahalU spaSTa huA jise hama isa nibandha ke rUpa meM vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta karane kA sAhasa kara rahe haiN| vidyApati ko kisI pUrvAgraha se mukta hokara na socane vAle pAlocaka hamAre isa kathya para nAka bhauM sikor3a sakate haiM parantu ina matabhedoM ko hama pAThakoM ke nirNaya para chor3a apanI bAta khulakara kahanA cAheMge tAki vidyApati jaise amara kavi kA eka maulika evaM divya vyaktitva sAmane prAsake jo Aja taka dhUmAyita banAkara upekSA prApta kara diyA gayA / prAzA hai vidvAna binA kisI pUrvAgraha ke hamArI bAta vaisI hI samajhakara use anyathA na lene kI kRpA kreNge| mithilA kA garva gaurava cira smRtavya hai| atyanta prAcIna gaurava bhUmi mithilA eka aura rAjarSi janaka kI janma bhUmi hai, (jisake pAsa svayaM zukadeva jaise mahApaMDita jJAna prApta karane pAe the aura kahate haiM jisakA eka hAtha strI ke vakSa para aura dUsarA jalatI agni meM rahatA thA) to dUsarI ora mithilA ko
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________________ 12 DaoN. harIza jagajjananI sItA jaisI mahimAmayI nArI ko janma dene kA zreya prApta hai| maithila kaukila vidyApati isI puNyazIlA dharatI ke prANavAna kavi the / vidyApati ko lekara hindI sAhitya ke aneka vidvAnoM ne aneka prazna khar3e kie haiM, jinameM kaI mahatvapUrNa jJAtavya unakI janma bhUmi, samaya, sthAna prAdi bAtoM ke viSaya meM haiN| mahAkavi kAlidAsa kI bhAMti maithila kokila vidyApati bhI eka hI sAtha kaI pradezoM ke kavi mAne jAte rahe haiN| jaise bagAla vAle unheM apanA kavi mAnate haiM aura mithilA vAle apnaa| parantu jana zrutiyoM se pare haTakara antakSyi aura bahi kSyi ko dRSTi meM rakhakara socane vAle kaI vidvAnoM ne unake jIvana ke sUtroM para vicAra kiyA hai aura aba yaha bAta kaI vidvAnoM ne unake jIvana ke sUtroM para vicAra kiyA hai aura aba yaha bAta atyanta nibhrAMti ho gaI hai ki ve baMgAlI na hokara maithila brAhmaNa the| jahAM taka vidyApati ke jJAna, vidyA, aura pratibhA kA prazna hai yaha bAta prasaMdigdha hai ki unheM apane jIvana meM hI aneka bAra abhUtapUrva sammAna mile tathA unheM abhinava jayadeva, mahArAja, paMDita, sukavi kaMThahAra, rAja paDita, khelana kavi, sarasa kavi, nava kavi zekhara, kavivara, sukavi jaise viruda prApta hue / ina upAdhiyoM se spaSTa hai ki ve apane samaya ke udagra, pratibhA sampanna aura khyAti labdha kavi the| apane kAvya ke lie vidyApati svayaM itane Azvasta the ki usakA anumAna vidvAna isa catuSpadI se lagA sakate haiM bAlacaMda vijjAvai mAsA duhu nahIM lAgai dujjana hAsA prI para mesura hara sira sauhAI I NiccAI pAyara mana mohai ukta catuSpadI se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAna hote hue bhI kezavadAsa kI bhAMti unhoMne lokabhASA ko upekSA kI dRSTi se nahIM dekhaa| apane kAvyoM kI bhASA para unheM svayaM bahuta garva thaa| apane jIvana kAla meM vidyApati ne bAraha kRtiyoM kI racanA kI / ye kRtiyAM haiM-bhU parikramA, puruSa parIkSA, likhanAvalI, vibhAgasAra, zaiva sarvasvasAra, gaMgA vAkyAvalI, durgA bhakti taraMgiNI, dAna vAkyAvalI, gayApattanaka, varSakRtya pANDava vijaya Adi / unakI kIrtilatA apabhraMza meM aura rkItipatAkA apamraza aura saMskRta donoM meM viracita haiM tathA vidyApati padAvalI maithila bhASA meN| apanI padAvalI meM unhoMne jo gIta likhe haiM, kahate haiM unake mAdhurya para gadgad ho caitanya unheM gAte gAte mUrchita ho jAte the| gIti tatvoM kI dRSTi se bhI vidyApati kI padAvalI svayaM meM eka divya kRti hai| gIti kAvya meM vyakti tattva, geyatA, saMkSiptA prema kI utkaTatA, abhivyakti kI tIvratA, bhAvonmAda tathA AzA nirAzA kI dhArA abAdha gati se pravAhamAna rahatI hai sAtha hI kavi kI viSayAnubhUti evaM vyApAra evaM usake sUkSma hRdayo. dgAra usake kAvya meM saMgIta ke apUrva mArdava meM vyakta hote haiM / vidyApati ke kAvya meM vyaktigata vicAra nahIM ke barAbara haiM parantu sameM gIta kAvya ke ukta sabhI guNoM ke sAtha bhAvonmAda kI pracaNDa dhArA varSAkAlIna tIvra zaivAlinI ke vega se kisI bhI prakAra kama nahIM hai / rAdhA kRSNa tathA unakI aneka lIlAe hI unakI padAvalI ke viSaya haiN| unake kAvya meM zRMgAra kA prasphuTana sphuTa rUpa meM milatA hai / zRMgArika padoM meM anubhUti kI tIvratA geyatA se samanvaya kara unheM
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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi 63 vidagdha gItakAra ThaharAtI hai| gIti kAvya kI dRSTi se hama una para anyatra vicAra kreNge| yahAM unakI padAvalI ke prAdhAra para hama unakA vyaktitva nirdhArita karanA cAhate haiM / vidyApati ke padoM ko pramukha rUpa se hama tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTa sakate haiM1-zRMgArika 2-bhakti rasAtmaka tathA 3-vividha viSayaka pada vidyApati ke jitane pada rAdhAkRSNa ke varNana sambandhI athavA nAyaka nAyikAoM para likhe gae haiM, saba zRMgArika haiN| mahezavANI, nacAriyAM durgA gaurI tathA gaMgA se sambaddha pada dUsarI zreNI meM evaM prahelikA kUTa Adi pada aura ziva siMha yuddha varNana tRtIya zreNI ke aMtargata Ate haiM / ____ ina sabhI padoM ko lekara vidvAnoM ne unake lie eka bhArI vivAdAspada prazna yaha khar3A kiyA hai ki kyA vidyApati bhakta kavi the yA zRgArika ? aba taka isI prazna ko lekara AlocakoM ne kaI pustakeM likhI haiM aura ina padoM ke AdhAra para sabane yahI nirNaya liyA hai ki vidyApati ghora zRgArika kavi the| DaoN0 rAmakumAra varmA likhate haiM -"vidyApati ke bhakta hRdaya kA rUpa unakI vAsanAmayI kalpanA ke AvaraNa meM chipa jAtA hai| unheM to sadya snAtA aura kyaH sandhi ke caMcala aura kAmoddIpaka bhAvoM kI lar3iyAM gUthanI thIM / vayaH sandhi meM Izvara se sandhi kahAM ? sadya snAtA meM Izvara se nAtA kahAM ? abhisAra meM bhakti kA sAra kahAM? unakI kavitA vilAsa kI sAmagrI hai, upAsanA kI sAdhanA nhiiN|" DaoN0 varmA jaise prabuddha pAlocaka ne vidita nahIM yaha nirNaya kisa AdhAra para liyA hai / isa sambandha meM hamArA unase gaharA matabheda hai / zrI vinaya kumAra sarakAra, zrI rAmavRkSa benIpurI, guNAnanda juyAla, zrI kumuda vidyAlaMkAra-sabhI ne unake bhakta hone meM bAdhA upasthita kI hai| zrI vidyAlaMkAra kumuda likhate haiM:-"dhyAna pUrvaka vicAra karane se saMdhikAla ke parama rasika kavi vidyApati ko bhakta kavi kI zreNI meM rakhanA kevala bhrama hI nahIM kavi ke sAtha anyAya bhI hogaa| nizcaya hI kavi ne rAdhAkRSNa ke nAmoM kA upayoga bhakti ke lie nahIM kiyA hai|" AlocakoM ke ukta sabhI niSkarSoM se hamArA matabheda hai / hama nahIM samajhate ki ina vidvAnoM ne taTastha hokara tathA vidyApati kA gaharAI se adhyayana kara yaha nirNaya diyA ho| vAstava meM vidyApati ko ghora zRMgArika mAnanA unakI antaHcetanA, vyaktitva, unake darzana tathA pRSThabhUmi janya sabhI mUla tatvoM kI bhArI avahelanA hogii| vidyApati bhakta the yA zRgArika isako samajhane ke lie hameM unake vicAra-darzana, aMtaHcetanA kI pRSThabhUmi, jIvana ke mUlatatva tathA unake pUrvavartI sAhitya kI paraMparA kA adhyayana karanA hogA / hama samajhate haiM, AlocakoM ne unheM ghora zRgArika ThaharAne ke aba taka jo bhI nirNaya lie haiM ve kevala unakI padAvalI ke pATha aura usake racanA viSaya ko lekara hI lie haiN| kavi ke mUla tatva, sAhitya kI dhArA tathA usakI tatkAlIna mukhya pravRttiyoM para unhoMne kadAcita hI vicAra kiyA ho| yadi vidvAna pAlocaka vidyApati ke samaya kI dhArmika, dArzanika evaM sAhityika dhArAmoM kA gaharAI se adhyayana karate to ve vidyApati ke vyaktitva
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________________ 64 DaoN. harIza 'aura kartavya ke sAtha nyAya kara pAte aura zAyada taba sthiti vaha nahIM hotI, jo Aja hai aura hamArI yaha nizcita mAnyatA hai ki taba unake hAtha se mithilA ke amara kavi kA itanA ahita bhI nahIM hotA / kimI ke kAvya ko zRMgArika kahanA aura bAta hai (aura usase hameM koI Apatti bhI nahIM) para use kevala UparI dRSTi se dekhakara unake kAvya ko kAmakrIDA janya vilAsa kI sAmagrI prAdi kahakara lAMhi bAta hai| eka bAta meM malyAMkana hai aura dUsarI bAta meM usake prati kiyA gayA lAMchana hai jise vastutaH kisI bhI prakAra ucita nahIM kahA jA sakatA / prastuta nibaMdha meM vidyApati ke sRjana kI vibhinna paristhitiyoM ke aMtarAla meM jAkara viziSTa adhyayana prastuta kiyA gayA hai jisameM vidyApati sambandhI pUrva mAnyatAoM ke pratikUla aneka tathya mileNge| hindI sAhitya kI 13vIM tathA 14vIM zatAbdI kI sAhityika, sAmAjika, dhArmika aura dArzanika pRSTha bhUmi kA adhyayana kara yadi vidvAna pAlocaka vidyApati ke kAvya kA mUlyAMkana karate to zAyada unheM "ghora zRgArI" kA khitAba na miltaa| hamAre vicAra se vidyApati eka bhakta kavi the aura zRgAra unakA varNya viSaya thA aura isa zRgAra varNana ke mAdhyama se hI unhoMne apane apane katRtva ko bhakta ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| vidvAnoM ke paritoSa ke lie hama agrAMkita sArI sAmagrI prastuta kara rahe haiN| ___ mahAtmA buddha ke nirvANa ke bAda bauddha dharma mahAyAna aura hInayAna ina do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| hInayAna, hIna mAnA gayA aura mahAyAna kramazaH maMtrayAna, vAmamArga evaM vajrayAna ke rUpa meM parivartita ho gyaa| isI maMtrayAna ke prasiddha prAcArya nAgArjuna the aura nAgArjuna ke "zUnyavAda" kA vikasita rUpa "sahajayAna" thaa| siddha siddhAntata: sahajayAnI the| isameM jaMtramaMtra, DAkinI, pUrAkinI, abhisAra yaka pUjA, paMca makAra Adi kA vikAsa huaa| bhairavI cakra aura maithuna Adi bhI isameM zAmila the| maithuna chaha prakAra kI siddhiyoM kA dAtA thaa| sAdhakoM ne isIlie ise mahAsUkha nAma diyaa| yahI isakI aMtima avasthA thii| bauddha-darzana ke hInayAna ke vikasita rUpoM kI paramparA abAdha rUpa se cala rahI thii| tAMtrikoM kI yaha mahAsukha kI bhAvanA kA siddhAnta bauddhamata kI nirvANa kI bhAvanA se vikasita huA hai / aba maithuna ke lie strI kI AvazyakatA huI, ataH usakA mahatva bddh'aa| isa mahAsukha kA bar3A rahasyamaya varNana milatA hai / yaha mudrAsAdhanA (strI sAdhanA) se milatA julatA hai| ye mudrAe-karmamudrA, mahAmudrA, dharmamudrA tathA samayamudrA cAra prakAra kI haiM / ina mudrAoM se jo aAnaMda milatA hai, vaha bhI aAnaMda, paramAnaMda, viramAnaMda aura sahajAnaMda Adi cAra prakAra kA hai| isa prakAra kI strI sAdhanA hI isameM pramukha thii| yadyapi sAhityika siddhoM ne bajrayAna se vimukha hokara strI ko vyartha batAyA para strI kI bhAvanA dabe rUpa se palatI rahI aura isIlie saMsAra rUpI viSa kI mukti ke lie strI rUpI viSa ko paramAvazyakatA batAI gaI / "viSasya viSamauSadham" / isalie bhoga meM nirvANa kI bhAvanA siddha sAhitya meM dekhane ko milatI hai| jIvana kI svAbhAvika pravRttiyoM meM vizvAsa rakhane ke kAraNa hI siddhoM kA yaha sampradAya "sahajayAna" kahalAtA hai / isI sahajayAna kI yaha paraMparA sAhitya meM Age bar3hI aura sAdhanA kI isa dhArA ke isa sampradAya kA prabhAva vaiSNava dhArA para bhI pdd'aa| vaiSNava dhArA ke kaviyoM ne isa bauddha sahajayAna ko vaiSNavI rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| sahajayAna ke isa vaiSNavIkaraNa para abhI taka vidvAnoM ne vicAra nahIM kiyA hai| vaiSNava kaviyoM ne jo bhI prema gIta gAe haiM, unameM Izvara ke prati prema yA to svakIyA prema kA Adarza lekara calA yA parakIyA prema kA / para sahajayAna kI strI sAdhanA donoM meM vidyamAna rhii| ..
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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi 65 ina dArzanika tatvoM se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki bauddha sahajayAna meM yaugika kriyAeM hI mukhya thiiN| usake dArzanika tatva bauddha mahAyAna ke siddhAnta the / vAstava meM guhya sAdhanA kAma krIDAjanya prAnaMda ko alaukika yaugika AnaMda meM pariNita karane ke lie hI kI jAtI thii| isa prakAra isa strI sAdhanA ke tatva se parakIyA prema ko dhIre dhIre saphalatA milane lagI aura usakA prabhAva caNDIdAsa ke prema gItoM para dekhA jA sakatA hai| caNDIdAsa, kahate haiM, rAmA nAmaka eka dhobI kI strI se prema karate the jo sahajiyA sampradAya kA hI prabhAva thA, parantu yaha kevala kiMvadantI hI kahI jAtI hai aura itihAsa isa tathya kI puSTi nahIM karatA / jo ho, para itanA avazya satya hai ki caNDIdAsa sahajiyA sAdhaka the| yoM bhI baMgAla kA caitanya gauDIya sampradAya madhura bhAva kI upAsanA ko hI pradhAnatA detA hai| siddhoM kI isa strIsAdhanA kA prabhAva isa sampradAya para avazya par3A hogA, kyoMki mAdhurya bhAva mAtra strI bhAva ko hI pradhAnatA detA hai| kAma krIr3A janya yaha AnaMda kI sAdhanA isI kAla meM Age bddh'ii| isI sAdhanA ke sAtha ziva aura zakti kA sambandha jur3A, jo bauddha darzana meM prajJA aura upAya ke rUpa meM thaa| yahI paraMparA Age calakara rasa evaM rati ke rUpa meM kRSNa va rAdhA bana kara vaiSNava sahajiyA sampradAya meM utrii| braja meM kRSNa ko raseza kahA gayA hai aura rAdhA-kRSNa ke aMtaraMga vihAra ko atyanta guhya mAnA gayA hai| nimbArka, rAdhAbalalbha, haridAsI aura caitanya gauDIya sampradAya sabhI kA mUla bhAva mAdhurya hai / isa strI bhAva kI sAdhanA ko braja meM vRndAvana bhAva aura isa rasa ko braja rasa kahA jAtA hai / tathA yaha vihAra krIr3A antaraMga lIlA kA rUpa dhAraNa kie hai| isa prakAra sahajayAna kA vaiSNavI svarUpa rasa aura rati, rAdhA aura kRSNa aura lIlA Adi tatvoM ke rUpa meM pariNita hotA dikhAI par3atA hai| yahI rAdhA kRSNa ina bhakta kaviyoM ke varNya viSaya bane aura jayadeva, vidyApati ne rAdhAkRSNa ke prema gIta gAe / viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM rAma va kRSNa hI kAvya ke pramukha preraka bane aura gauDIya vaiSNava kAvya ke Adi kaviyoM ne kRSNa ko apnaayaa| rAma ko kaviyoM ne maryAdA puruSottama kahakara unakA nAyakatva sthApita kiyA aura kRSNa ko lIlAdhArI / parantu rAmabhakti meM rasika sampradAya aura rAmabhakti kAvya meM mAdhuryopAsanA para jo zodha kArya sAmane Ae haiM unase rAma ke jIvana meM mAdhurya tatva aura rAma bhakti meM madhuropAsanA kA eka nayA adhyAya khulA hai / aura kRSNa kA jIvana to mAdhurya prerita thA hI / ataH ina sabhI bAtoM se mAdhurya bhAva kI prati vyapti spaSTa hotI hai| ukta kathyoM se niSkarSa yaha nikalA ki sahajayAna kI yaugika sAdhanA ne isa vaiSNava prema sAdhanA ko atyanta prabhAvita kiyA hai ataH yaha kahanA asatya hogA ki caitanya kA sampradAya pUrvavartI sahajiyA sAdhanA se prabhAvita nahIM thaa| usakA pariniSThita rUpa jaisA bhI hai, sabako usakI bhI paryApta jAnakArI honI caahie| vaiSNava sahajayAna ne prema ko mukhya siddhAnta ke rUpa meM apnaayaa| gurU kI bhakti bhI ina kaviyoM meM bauddha sahajayAna kI hI bhAMti hai| jaba baMgAla meM pAlavaMza ke bAda senavaMza rAjya karane lagA to sahajiyA mata ke mahAna kavi jayadeva kA udbhava hugrA jinhoMne rAdhAkRSNa kI prema lIlA ko varNya viSaya banAkara kAvya ko zRgArA / vidyApati va caNDIdAsa samakAlIna kavi the| inhoMne kAvya meM parakIyA prema kA hI prAdarza liyaa| mahAsukha kI kalpanA ina kaviyoM meM bhI mila jAtI hai| ye kavi mahAsukha ko brahma kI bhAMti mAnate haiN| rAdhAkRSNa kI milana sthiti ko ziva va zakti kI milana sthiti ke samAna kahA gayA hai| donoM kA alaukika prema saMyoga hI sahajAvasthA hai / jIva kA Izvara se prema saMyoga ho jAnA hI Alaukika AnaMda
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________________ 66 DaoN. harIza prApta karanA hai| isa prakAra ina kaviyoM ne bauddha sahajayAna kI yoga kriyAoM se paripuSTa kAma bhAva se "prema" tatva le liyA aura vahI prema aba caNDIdAsa tathA vidyApati dvArA AdhyAtmikatA meM DhAlA jAne lgaa| ye parama Izvara ko mAnava-prama meM khojane lge| ataH rAdhA aura kRSNa hI ina bhakta kaviyoM ke AdhAra bane / rAdhA ko kRSNa kI zakti jAnakara kRSNa ko pArabrahma ke rUpa meM mAnA gyaa| kRSNa meM bhoktA aura bhogya do tatva abhihita kie ge| donoM kA sambandha nitya tathA akSara mAnA gyaa| rAdhA bhogya rahI, kRSNa bhoktA aura vRndA kA manohArI vana hI inakA lIlAdhAma samajhA gyaa| isa prakAra ina donoM ke isa aMtaraMga prema ko vidyApati ne mAnavIya prema ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA aura prema kI bhAvanA parakIyA isalie rakhI gaI ki usameM asAdhAraNa utkaTatA ho / niSkarSata: vidyApati ne isa dhAraNA ko prAdarza banAyA ki bhakta ko bhagavAna se aisA hI prema karanA cAhie jaisA parakIyA apane premI se karatI hai| ukta samasta vizleSaNa isalie prastuta kiyA gayA hai ki vidyApati kI kavi paraMparA spaSTa ho jAya aura vidvAnoM ke sAmane yaha bAta khule ki ve kisa sampradAya ke darzana se prabhAvita kavi the| ___ "vidyApati bhakta the"-isa mahatvapUrNa sthApanA kI abhisiddhi ke lie hama aura aneka maukhika mAnyatAoM ko vidvAnoM ke sAmane rakhanA cAhate haiM / ho sakatA hai ye niSkarSa unheM bhI ruceM aura vidyApati sambandhI pUrvAgraha naI mAnyatA meM paririNata ho jaayN| isake lie hama kucha agrAMkita nirNaya prastuta kara 1-vidyApati saguNa vaiSNava sahajiyA sampradAya ke kavi the / 2-sahajiyA darzana se prabhAvita hokara hI unhoMne prema tatva yA parakIyA prema ko jIvana kA lakSya smjhaa| 3. isa saMdarbha meM hama DA0 hajArI prasAda dvivedI ke 'sAhitya ke mAdhyama se dhArmika saMbaMdha" nAmaka nibaMdha meM prakaTa kie kucha vicAroM ko prakaTa karane kA lobha saMvaraNa nahIM kara pA rahe-'madhyakAla ke bhakta kaviyoM ko samajhane ke lie hameM thor3A sA vartamAna kAla se nikalanA pdd'egaa| hama jisa vAtAvaraNa meM zikSita hue haiM usakI eka bar3I vizeSatA yaha hai ki usane hamArI samasta prAcIna anuzrutika dhAraNAoM se hameM alaga vicchinna kara diyA hai| yadi hama saMpUrNa rUpa se vicchinna bhI ho gae hote to hama Adhunika DhaMga se socane kI anAvila dRSTi pA sakate / parantu hama pUrNa rUpa se anuzrutiyoM se vicchinna bhI nahIM hue haiM aura unheM jAnate bhI nahIM haiM natIjA yaha huA ki zrI kRSNa kA nAma lete hI hama pUrNAnanda ghana vigraha kI soce binA nahIM rahate aura phira bhI gopiyoM ke sAtha unako rAsa lIlA kI bAta samajha nahIM sakate arthAt zrI kRSNa ko to hama parama devatA kA rUpa mAna lete haiN| aura Age calakara hama sArI kathA ko tadanurUpa nahIM samajha paate| isa adhakacarI dRSTi kA pariNAma yaha haA ki hama vaiSNava kaviyoM kI kavitA ko na to usake tatvavAda nirapekSa rUpa meM dekha pAte haiM aura na tatvavAda sApekSa rUpa meM / hama jhaTa kaha uThate haiM ki bhagavAna ke nAma para ye kyA Ula jalUla bAteM haiM / yadi sUradAsa ke zrI kRSNa aura rAdhA, kAlidAsa ke duSyanta aura zakuntalA kI bhAMti premI aura premikA hote to bAta hamAre lie sahaja ho jAtI / para na to ve prAkRta hI haiM aura na hameM unake aprAkRtika svarUpa kI vAstavika dhAraNA hI hai, isalie hama na to vaiSNava kaviyoM kI kavitAoM ko vizuddha kAvya kI kasauTI para hI kasa sakate haiM aura na vizuddha bhakta kI dRSTi se hI apanA sakate haiN| hama madhyakAla ke bhakta kavi ko galata kinAre se dekhanA zurU karate haiM aura prAdhA sUdhA jo kucha hAtha lagatA hai usI se yA to jhuMjhalA uThate haiM yA gadgad ho jAte haiN|
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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi 67 ukta uddharaNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki bhakta kavi kI kRtiyoM kA sahI mUlyAMkana karane meM hama Adhunika dRSTi kA upayoga na kreN| isa bhrama pUrNa upanayana ko utArane ke bAda hI hama unake kAvya aura vyaktitva ko prAMkane kI anAvila dRSTi pA sakate haiM apane eka aura lIlA aura bhakti nibaMdha meM dvivedI jI ne caitanya deva aura rAya rAmAnaMda kA eka saMvAda prastuta kiyA hai| caitanya deva ne rAya rAmAnaMda se jaba pUchA, "vidvana, tuma bhakti kise kahate ho?" unhoMne bhakti ke lie kramazaH svadharmAcaraNa, prema, karmA kA arpaNa, dAsya prema, sakhya prema, kAntA bhAva Adi uttara die para aMta meM rAdhAbhAva hI pramukha uttara rahA / mahAprabhu ne isa aMtima uttara ke lie unase pramANa mAMgA / pramANa meM rAya rAmAnaMda ne gIta goviMda kA hI mata uddhRta kiyA aura kahA-"bhagavAna zrIkRSNa ne rAdhA ko hRdaya meM dhAraNa karake anyAnya braja sundariyoM ko tyAga diyA thaa| ataH kAntA bhAva meM rAdhA bhAva ho sarvazreSTha tthhraa| yahI rAdhA bhAva jayadeva ne bhAgavata purANa paraparA se alaga rakhA hai| bhAgavata meM kahIM gadhA kA nAma taka nahIM hai| hamArI vidyApati sambandhI isa mAnyatA kI puSTi meM hama prAcArya dvivedI ke eka uddharaNa ko aura rakhanA cAheMge jisameM vidvAna AlocakoM ne jayadeva se prabhAvita vidyApati ke lakSyoM tathA mUla tatvoM kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai-- bhagavAna meM jitane saMbandhoM kI kalpanA ho sakatI hai unameM kAntA bhAva kA prema hI zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| vaiSNava bhaktoM ne isa sambandha ko itane sarasa DhaMga se vyakta kiyA hai ki bhAratIya sAhitya anya sAdhAraNa alaukika rasa kA samudra bana gayA hai|" isa bAta se yaha dhAraNA spaSTa hotI hai ki kAntA bhAva kA vaiSNava bhaktoM se kitanA gaharA lagAva rahA hai| vastutaH vidyApati ko yaha paraMparA jayadeva se thAtI ke rUpa meM milI jisakA pramukha lakSya thA prema (parakIyA prema) varNana aura hama vidyApati ko isI mArga para dRDhatA se bar3hatA huA pAte haiM / isa taraha yaha niSkarSa nikalA ki saguNa vaiSNava sahajayAna mata kA yaha premI kavi parakIyA prema meM hI mokSa aura mahAsukha kI kalpanA karatA thaa| prAyaH pAlocaka varga unheM uttAna zRgArI kavi siddha karane ke lie unake isa pada ko uddhRta karate haiM nIvI baMdhana hari kie dUra eho paye tora manoratha para vihara se rahasi herane kona kAma se nahiM saha basi hamara parAna parijani suni suni tejava nisAsa lahu lahu ramaha sakhI jana pAsa ukta pada meM kavi ne rAdhA-kRSNa ke milana evaM saMbhoga kA varNana kiyA hai jise azlIla kahA jAtA hai, para Alocaka yahI nahIM socate ki sAdhanA janya sthitiyoM ko evaM milana mahAsukha ko varNya viSaya banAne vAle isa kavi ko ukta pada likhane meM kyA jhijhaka ho sakatI thI.? unake lie yaha sabhI varNana mahAsukha kI kAmanA kA prayAsa thaa| aise varNanoM ko azlIla kahane tathA kavi ko vilAsa kI sAmagrI mAtra prastuta karane vAlA kahane ke pUrva hameM kucha aura mahatvapUrNa bAtoM para bhI vicAra kara lenA cAhie / unameM se kucha isa prakAra haiM:- . . . . . . . . . .
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________________ DaoN. harIza vidyApati ne rAdhAkRSNa kA prema svakIyA kA nahIM apanAyA, kyoMki vaivAhika baMdhanoM va nitya sahavAsa se usameM tIvratA nahIM rhtii| hindI sAhitya kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi meM parakIyA prema para eka abhimata prakaTa kiyA gayA hai-"prema to parakIyA kA hI Adarza hai jisameM sAre sAmAjika baMdhanoM kA tiraskAra kara vividha upAyoM se parakIyA apanI prAtma vibhorAvasthA meM para pati se milane meM kora kasara nahIM uThA rakhatI / yaha prema kisI svArtha ke lie nahIM hotA, prema ke lie hI hotA hai|" aura vidyApati ne isIlie parakIyA ko apane kAvya kA Adarza banAyA hai| rAdhA aura kRSNa ke isI svarUpa ko varNya viSaya banAkara isa bhakta kavi ne kAvya meM prastuta kiyA tAki usameM bhAvonmeSa tathA prema kI utkaTatA carama para ho aura vaha parama tanmayatA se usameM DubA bhI hai| rAdhA aura kRSNa ke saMyoga aura viyoga ke jitane citra kavi ne prastuta kie haiM ve atyanta muktatA aura tallInatA se lie haiN| use kyA patA thA ki kAlAntara meM vidvAna usakI paraMparA, sampradAya, pRSThabhUmi, janma paristhitiyAM aura usake jIvana darzana para soce binA hI usako ghora zRgArika yA vilAsapUrNa sAmagrI prastuta karane vAlA kavi kheNge| aura bhI yoM sAdhaka ko ina bAtoM kI kamI cintA nahIM hotii| bhAvonmeSa meM vaha rati bhAva ko bhI bar3e sAmarthya evaM muktatA se kaha jAtA hai| parakIyA ke citraNa meM ina vaiSNava sahajayAnI bhaktoM ko kisI sAmAjika anuzAsana kA bhI kyA bhaya ho sakatA thA aura isIlie vidyApati ke sAtha sAtha caMDIdAsa ke saMyoga varNanoM meM bhI vidyApati kI bhAMti azlIlatA (vidvAnoM ke zabdoM meM A gaI hai| ve to unmukta ho kara mahAsukha kI kalpanA meM hI yaha saba likhate haiN| vidyApati ko uttAna zRgAra jayadeva dvArA jyoM kA tyoM paramparA meM milA / kyA jayadeva ke citraNa azlIla nahIM kahe jA sakate ? vidyApati ke lie rAdhA-kRSNa kI saMyoga lIlA jIva evaM Izvara kI milanAvasthA kA pratIka thii| caitanya ne to apane Apako rAdhA hI mAna liyA thA unakA dhyeya bhI svayaM para kRSNa ko rijhAnA thaa| ve kRSNa ke AkarSaNa meM tallIna the| kRSNa ke lie caitanya ko bhI vidyApati ne rAdhA kI taraha viyoga meM ghaMToM rote aura muchita hote dekhA to unameM bhI isa pravRtti ne tIvratA se ghara kiyaa| para vidyApati ne yaha rAdhA bhAva, sakhI bhAva ke rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA hai / vaiSNava kaviyoM ne bhI isa sakhI bhAva ko hI adhika apanAyA hai| vidyApati svayaM ko kRSNa kI sakhI ke rUpa meM hI kalpita karate the| aisI sakhI, jo svayaM kRSNa se saMyoga nahIM cAhatI thI, varan vaha kRSNa aura rAdhA kI prema krIDA, saMyoga krIDA aura aMtaraMga lIlA ko avyAhata dekha kara mahAsukha prApta karatI rahe, yahI usakA abhISTa thaa| - vRndAvana meM hone vAlI nitya lIlA hI unake lie zAzvata mahAsukha kI kalpanA thii| caitanya gaur3Iya sampradAya aura usake samakAlIna braja ke anya sabhI sampradAyoM meM isa mahAsukha kI lIlA ko asAdhAraNa mahatva diyA gayA hai| kRSNa ke pATha sakhA aura rAdhA kI pATha sakhiyAM hI usa lIlA meM praveza pAne kI adhikAriNI haiN| kRSNa ko Izvara ke rUpa meM aura rAdhA ko unakI parama prAdyA zakti ke
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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi 66 rUpa meM grahaNa kara jIva ko usa mAdhurya lIlA dekhane ko lAlAyita batAyA gayA hai| usa lIlA meM saMyoga zrRMgAra kA sundara rUpa dekhane ko milatA hai / usameM zrRMgAra kI kahIM koI uttAnatA nahIM mAnI jAtI / usa lIlA meM kisI ko bhI praveza pAne kA adhikAra nahIM kevala rAdhA kI antaraMga sakhiyAM ho usameM jAne kI adhikAriNI mAnI gaI haiN| vidyApati ne isIlie sakhI bhAva ko grahaNa kara nirbhaya hokara abhisAra, zrRMgAra, saMyoga prAdi ke mukta varNana kie haiN| ye varNana kevala apane kAmya ko rijhAne ke lie hI haiM aura isIlie inameM abhivyakti kI saralatA, pragADha tanmayatA aura prema kI pUrNa utkaTatA hai| usameM kahIM bhI jhijhaka aura saMkoca ko sthAna nahIM hai / vidyApati caitanya kI bhAMti rAdhA aura kRSNa kI prama lIlA kI jhAMkI pAne ke lie jijJAsu rahate the aura isI lAlasA pUrti ke citra unake kAvya meM hai jo unakI mahAmukha dazA ke mArmika svapna aura tajjanya AdhyAtma ke saMdeza dete haiM / isa saMdarbha meM eka prazna yaha uTha sakatA hai ki kyA AMkhoM dekhA varNana karane yA azlIla varNana karane ke lie hI vidyApati ne sakhI bhAva apanAyA thA ? to usake lie kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve jIva kI sattA bhagavAna se bhinna mAnate the| jIva aura bhagavAna kabhI eka nahIM ho skte| isalie jIva ko bhagavAna kI lIlA dekhane ko mila jAya to vaha usake lie eka durlabha prApti hogI / yoM yaha jIvAtmA kRSNa kI tadastha zakti prarthAta prakRti hI hai aura vaha puruSa hai isakA use abhimAna hai ataH zakti ko prApta karane ke lie evaM puruSatva kA daMbha dUra karane ke lie hI unhoMne yaha sakhI bhAva apanAyA / yaha kahA jAtA hai ki braja kI yaha lIlA itanI mahAna aura gopanIya hai ki braja meM hue aitihAsika rAdhA kRSNa ko bhI isameM praveza kA adhikAra nahIM hai| lekina vidyApati vRndAvana ke inhIM aitihAsika rAdhA-kRSNa ko lekara usa anirvacanIya lIlA kA smaraNa, jo mahAsukha mayI banakara sadaiva huA karatI hai, inhIM lIlAoMoM ke varNana meM tIvrAnubhUti lAkara karanA cAhate the / yahI unake lie paramasukha thA / ataH unakA yaha laukika lIlAmroM kA jJAna, jinheM hama asvastha, azlIla yA uttAna zRMgAra kahate haiM, vastutaH alaukika lIlA kA hI gAna thA / vidyApati ne rAdhA-kRSNa kI lIlAoM kA sakhI rUpa meM bhAvanakara yaha jo yathArthaM varNana kiyA hai, yaha kabhI asvAbhAvika nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki sAdhAraNa striyoM meM bhI abhisAra, zrRMgAra aura utkaTa kAma bhAvanAoM kA sthAyI rUpa meM honA prAkRtika hai| isalie yadi vidyApati ne lIlAdhArI kI praNayAvasthA athavA rAdhAkRSNa ke saMyoga ke citra prastuta kie, nAyaka ko uttejita karane ke udAharaNa upasthita kiye, sadyaH snAtA ko nirakhA, viyoga meM viraha pIr3ita dikhAyA aura nakhazikha varNana kara kyaH sandhi karAI to kyA anucita kiyA vidyApati kA jIvana darzana to kahatA hai, yaha saba unhoMne utkRSTa sAdhaka yA mahAsukha ke prati asAdhAraNa jijJAsu yA bhakta banakara hI yaha saba kiyA / vidyApati ko asAdhAraNa vizvAsa thA ki nitya lIlA meM praveza pA sakatA hai anyathA mahAsukha kI 'praveza niSedha' dekhakara praveza ke lie atyanta sazaMkita ho taraha svayaM ko bhagavAna meM milAkara ekatvaM nahIM caahtaa| aura apane svataMtra astitva se hI bhagavAna kI lIlAoM kA sAnaMda uThAnA cAhatA hai / laukika lIlA ke gAyana se lIlAoM meM puruSa ko lIlA jAnA par3egA ! vaha to apanA hI sakhI rUpa meM jIva bhavana ke dvAra para hI vastutaH bhakta praddatavAdiyoM kI astitva svataMtra rakhanA cAhatA hai
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________________ DaoN0 harIza eka atyanta mahatvapUrNa satya yaha bhI sAmane bAtA hai ki caitanya ke bAda vaiSNava bhakta kaviyoM meM yaha vizvAsa asAdhAraNa gati se bar3hA ki pratyeka vyakti meM kRSNa kA svarUpa hai, jo laukika bhAvanA laukika jIvana se milA hai| laukika jIvana meM dUsarA tatva rUpa rAdhA kA aMza hai / ataH isa bhAvanA ne aura adhika tIvratA pakar3I ki pratyeka vyakti kRSNa hai aura pratyeka nArI, jo rUpavatI hai, rAdhA hai aura vidyApati ne zivA siMha tathA lakhimArAnI ko inhIM kAraNoM se nirantara apane padoM meM saMbodhita kiyA hai| isa prakAra hiMdU tAMtrikoM kA yaha siddhAnta ki pratyeka puruSa ziva hai aura hara nArI zakti, prasatya nahIM hai| bauddha darzana meM vahI zUnya yA karuNA, prajJA yA upAya ke rUpa meM milatA hai| mahAkavi vidyApati ne inhIM siddhAntoM se prerita hokara kAvya racanA kI hai / ataH yadi caitanya para ina bhAvanAoM kA tAMtrikI se asara par3A hai, to vidyApati para bhI yaha saba honA atyanta svAbhAvika hai / 100 vidyApati ke rAdhAkRSNa viSayaka isI dRSTikoNa kA samarthana kara unakA bhakta ke rUpa meM vyaktitva spaSTa karate hue eka vidvAna prAlocaka ne eka rAdhAkRSNa viSayaka dhAraNA kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai / unake isa avataraNa se isa bAta ko pUrNa bala milatA hai ki vidyApati kA rAdhAkRSNa viSayaka dRSTikoNa unake kAvya meM kisa rUpa meM AyA hai / 'kRSNa va rAdhA rasa va rati haiM kevala rasika hI ise jAna sakate haiM / puruSa va strI ko pahale apane ko kRSNa va rAdhA samajhakara laukika rati karanA cAhie aura dhIre dhIre laukika vAsanA ko alaukika prema meM pariNita karanA cAhie / taba puruSa ko kRSNatva aura strI ko rAdhAtva prApta ho jAyagA aura laukika prema alaukika prema meM badala jAyagA / ' isa prakAra hamAre ukta vizleSaNa se vidyApati kA kRSNa aura rAdhA sambandhI dRSTikoNa spaSTa hotA hai aura yaha vicAra tathya ke adhika nikaTa pahuMcatA hai ki vidyApati vaiSNava saguNa sahajiyA sampradAya ke kavi the aura isa saMpradAya para bauddha tathA hindU darzana kA hI prabhAva thA / vastutaH isa sampradAya kI dI dhArAeM mAnI jA sakatI haiN| 1. eka vaha, jo tAMtrika prabhAva se kama prabhAvita, zuddha saguraNa vaSNava dhArA hai / 2. zrIra dUsarI vaha, jo tAMtrika prabhAva se pUrNa prabhAvita, saguNa sahajiyA vaiSNava dhArA / isa taraha hama caitanya ko pahalI dhArA kA kavi tathA caNDIdAsa aura vidyApati ko pUrNatayA saguNa vaiSNava sahajayAna dhArA ke anuyAyI kavi kaha sakate haiM / isa prakAra vaiSNava sahajayAna ke anuyAyI bhakta kavi vidyApati ne prema ko sAmAnya stara para rakha samAna mahatva diyA aura apanI padAvalI meM likhe| kyoMki ve jAnate the ki yadi laukika prema meM manuSya mAnasika saMtulana kare, to vaha laukika prema alaukika yA divya prema meM badala sakatA hai| vidyApati prema ko kAma kA hI eka rUpa mAnate haiM aura unakI dRSTi se kAma hI mahAsukha prApti kA eka mAtra mAdhyama hai / ataH yaha bAta samajha meM A jAtI hai ki unhoMne laukika proma aura kAma Adi ke itane khule citra kyoM prastuta kiye haiN| vastutaH kavi kA mana zrRMgAra ke mUla bhAva kAma ke citraNa meM isIlie khUba ramA / isIlie laukika va alaukika nirbhIka hokara zrRMgArika pada rakhe aura svayaM ko anuzAsita
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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi 101 saguNa vaiSNava sahajayAna ke bhakta kavi manuSya ko hI devatA mAnate haiM anya kisI ko nahIM / unakI dhAraNA hai ki manuSya hI svayaM kRSNa kA rUpa hai aura use mAnavIya lIlAoM ke stara para varNana karane meM koI saMkoca anubhava nahIM ho sktaa| ata: isa dhArA ke anugAmI jitane bhI kavi haiM, ve saba kaThora sAdhaka evaM bhakta haiM tathA unake lie kAyA sAdhanA kA asAdhAraNa mahatva hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki vidyApati ne pUrNa bhakta hote hue bhI padAvalI meM isa prakAra kI racanA kii| aise padoM ke sRjana se isa sampradAya ke kaviyoM ke racanA-zilpa evaM vyaktitva para kisI bhI prakAra kI koI aA~ca sAmAnyata: nahIM hI pAnI cAhie / canDIdAsa yadi svayaM rAmA dhobina se kahate the ki 'he devI tuma mere lie rahasyodghATinI ho, tuma mujha ziva ke lie zakti ke samAna ho| tumhArA zarIra rAdhA kA zarIra hai|' to kyA ina bhAvanAoM ko mAtra kAmavAsanA pradhAna hI kahA jAyagA ? aura vidyApati ne yadi isa dhArA kI bhakti meM AkaMTha nimagna hokara nAyikA ke patha meM kAvya ke gulAba bichAye to kyA unameM vizuddha kAmavAsanA hI kArya kara rahI thI ? basa socane meM hama, yahIM galatI kara baiThate haiM aura vidyApati kI zRMgArika racanAoM ko lekara yaha UhApoha khar3A karane lagate haiM ki ve ghora zRgArika kavi the / vAstava meM vidyApati jisa saguNa sahajiyA sampradAya ke the usakI bhakti sambandhI abhivyakti kA mAdhyama hI zRgAra thA aura yahI kAraNa thA ki vidyApati ne apane varNya viSayoM meM zRgAra ke uttAna citroM ke mAdhyama se laukika rati ko alaukikatva pradAna karane ke lie hI yaha mAdhyama apnaayaa| Alocaka prAya. unake kAvya kI UparI TAlamaTola karake hI unheM ghora zRgArika kA khitAba de dete haiM / kavi ke jIvana-darzana aura usakI mUla paristhitiyoM ke antarAla taka jAne kA svalpa prayAsa bhI nahIM karate / isalie aAlocakoM se hamArA vinamra nivedana hai ki ve anAvila dRSTi juTAkara eka bAra phira isa pratibhA sampanna kavi ke kAvya kA adhyayana kreN| usake kAvya kA samyaka parizIlana, yadi vidyApati ke rAdhA-kRSNa sambandhI premalIlA viSayaka dRSTikoNa ko samajha vaiSNava saguNa sahajayAna ke pariprekSya meM ho, to kavi ke sambandha meM sthApita ghora zRgArika dhAraNA kA sahaja nirAkaraNa ho skegaa| bhAgavata paramparA rAdhA se sambandhita nahIM ho sktii| ataH vidyApati ke rAdhA-kRSNa viSayaka dRSTikoNa ke lie hameM gIta goviMda kI paraMparA kA hI pAzraya lenA par3egA aura isa paraMparA kA sIdhA sambandha bhI vaiSNava saguNa sahajayAna se hI thA / vaiSNava saguNa sahajayAna dhArA ke bhakta kavi hone se unake dvArA variNata zRgAra meM sImA, saMkoca tathA maryAdA janya vaha pavitratA (hamAre hRSTi koNa se) nahIM raha gaI jo hameM sUra ke kAvya meM dekhane ko milatI hai| yadyapi usakI pavitratA meM vidyApati kI ora se prAMzika kamo bhI nahIM thI parantu jIvana ke vyAvahArika pakSa, evaM naitika mAnyatA ko AdhAra banAkara jaba hama unake kAvya kA mUlyAMkana kareMge to hameM unakA kAvya kevala uttAna zRgArika hI zRMgArika dikhAI par3egA aura unakA vyaktitva kevala zRMgArika bana kara hI raha jaaygaa| vastutaH unake sampradAya ke bhakti janya siddhAntoM ko AdhAra banAkara hama unake kAvya kA adhyayana kareM, to hameM spaSTa hogA ki unake bhakti siddhAntoM kI taha meM unakA sArA zRMgAra mUchita par3A hai| ukta samasta vivecana ke AdhAra para yaha nirNaya nikalA ki vaiSNava saguNa sahajayAnI bhakta hone se sampradAya ke siddhAntoM ke prAdhAra para hI (jinheM hamane Upara spaSTa kiyA hai| unheM apanI padAvalI kI racanA karanI pdd'ii| isalie mahAsukha ke kAmI bhakta kavi vidyApati ne yadi apanI zakti rUpI nAyikA ke patha meM gulAba hI gulAba bichAe, saghaHsnAtA ko luka chipa kara dekhA, binA kAMToM ke phUla khilAe, rAdhA ko
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________________ 102 DaoN. harIza rAta bhara tar3apAyA, usake. netroM meM saMpUrNa rAtri ko hI samA jAne diyA, abhisAra karAe, rati pravINA banAne ke lie dutI zikSA dilavAI, sauMdarya meM AkaMTha nimagna hokara kAvya likhA, saMyoga zRgAra ke mArmika citra urehe, saMyoga meM DUba DUba kara gAyA aura gA gA kara DUbe tathA vilAsa kI mAmagrI prastuta kI, to unakA kyA doSa thA? bhale hI Alocaka unake aMtarjagata ke varNana ko hRdayagrAhI na kahe, para unakI varNana vidagdhatA to nibhrati hai| rAja darabAra se prabhAvita evaM rAjyAzrita hone ke kAraNa bhI unhoMne apane prAzrayadAtA ke lie zRMgAra likhA aura rAdhA-kRSNa ke saMyoga ke khula kara varNana kie / kevala abhivyakti ke UparI mUlyAMkana se vyaktitva kA itanA sastA nibaTArA kaise kiyA jA sakatA hai ? aAja ke pragativAdI kavi bhale mahaloM meM baiThakara jhoMpar3I kI kalpanA meM sAhitya racanA kareM aura unake vyaktitva para phira bhI koI lAMchana na ho| Aja ke prayogavAdI kavi ati yathArya ko kAvya kA viSaya banAkara sarelijama meM atyanta bhadde aura naMge varNana kareM aura phira bhI zreSTha kaviyoM ke khitAba pAye / samAja meM vikata aha aura kAma vikRti "paravaTaiMDa saiksa" ke dUSita varNana ko kAvya kA jAmA pahanAyeM aura usa para manovijJAna sammata hone kI duhAI deM, to ve sAhityakAra kSamya haiM / Aja kA 60 pratizata sAhitya apanI hara vidyA meM samAja ke sAmane vikTa saiksa ke aneka nage va khule citra utAre aura use sarakAra vividha upAdhiyoM tathA puraskAroM se sammAnita kare, yaha kaisI vipratipati hai| para yaha saba Aja kSamya hai kyoMki unake pAsa sRjana kA lAiseMsa hai aura vidvAna aAlocaka use yathArtha aura jIvana kA vAstavika citraNa kahakara pacA rahe haiN| yadi mAnasika kUThAnoM aura graMthiyoM se pIDita sAhitya kA bhI jaba satsAhitya ke nAma para svAgata ho rahA hai taba pAlocanA ke sabhI prAcIna mAnadaNDa unake lie kisa kheta kI mUlI hai| unakA cintana, kAnTeMTa, phArma, anubhUti, aura sauMdaryabodha unakA apanA evaM maulika hai| unheM purAnA likhA saba behada kurUpa aura 'AuTa DaiTeDa lagatA hai to kyA kIjiegA ? yoM bhI unheM Apa kucha bhI kaha liijie| apane vyaktitva nirmANa kA bhI unheM koI Dara nhiiN| kAlAntara meM unakA malyAMkana kaisA bhI ho, usakI unheM kyA bhIti ? aAja kA sAhityakAra to prAMkha kholakara jo dekha rahA hai use pacAtA calA jA rahA hai, ugalatA calA jA rahA hai / aura yaha saba hameM sahaja svIkArya hai| yo bhI sAhitya devatA kA peTa to samudra hai usameM sIpI sevAra ke sAtha muktA ratna bhI to par3e rahate haiN| basa pAlocanA kI tejadhAra vAlI talavAra to prAcIna kaviyoM ke "prAuTa DeTeDa" kAnTeMTa aura phArma ke lie hai| . isa prakAra hama eka bAra phira apanI isa bAta ko dUharAnA cAheMge ki pratyeka kavi ko samajhane ke lie hameM usake samaya, jIvana darzana aura mUlabhUta paristhitiyoM kI ora se AMkha nahIM mUMda lenI caahie| unakA usake kartatva para gaharA prabhAva par3atA hai / vidyApati bhakta kavi the aura vaiSNava sagaraNa sahajiyA bhakta the aura unakI sAdhanA zRgAramayI thii| eka bAta aura kahanA cAhate haiM ki hamAre bhAratIya darzana ke vibhinna sampradAyoM ke mUla grantha kyA eka svara se yaha kahate haiM ki brahma ko prApta karane kA kevala eka hI sAdhanAtmaka rAstA hai ? aura yadi aisA hai to phira kabIra ne svayaM ko "rAma kI baTAriyA" sara ne . kRSNa kA sakhA, tulasI ne rA mIrA ne kaSNa ko pati kahakara sAdhanA kyoM kI? aAdhunika rahasyavAdI use avyakta brahma banAkara prApta karanA cAhate haiM / to phira vidyApati ko kyA yaha adhikAra nahIM thA ki ve isa sAdhanA ko zRMgAra ke
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________________ vidyApati : eka bhakta kavi 103 mAdhyama se vyakta kara apane sAdhya ko prApta kreN| unheM ghora zRgArika kahanA kyA isa bhakta sAdhaka kA ghora apamAna karanA nahI hogA ? kyA aisA kahakara hama usake vyaktitva, jIvana darzana aura mala paristhitiyoM ke lie apanI bhArI ajJatA pradazita nahIM kareMge ? uttara pAThaka ke vicAroM para hI chor3a rahe haiN| yoM hama aAMkha mUda kara vidyApati ko kaise zRgArika, mAtra kAma aura vilAsa kI sAmagrI prastuta karane vAlA kaha deM? yaha bAta dUsarI hai ki janatA para unake kAvya kA kyA prabhAva par3A aura adhyetAnoM para kyA ? para yaha spaSTa hai, unake sampradAya ne unake sRjana ko kabhI bhI azlIla karAra nahIM diyA, anyathA caitanya kI unake padoM ko parama tanmayatA se gA gAkara mUrchita ho jAne vAlI bAta kevala maz2Aka banakara raha jaatii| vidyApati ko ghora zRgArika siddha karane meM pAlocakoM dvArA kahI isa antima bAta ko hama vijJa pAThakoM ke samakSa rakhakara prastuta vizleSaNa kA samApana karanA cAheMge / AlocakoM ne yaha likhA hai ki vidyApati ne apane racanA kAla meM jitane bhI zrRMgArika varNana likhe usakA unheM antima samaya meM bhArI duHkha hayA / jise unhoMne bhagavAna zaMkara para racI nacAriyoM meM spaSTa kiyA V " 9 15 tApa gupatA nAmamayamAla jAvata janama nahi tuma pada sevinu juvatI manimaya meli amRta taji kie halAhala pIyala sampada prApadahi jheli aura anta meM unheM bar3I glAni huI sAMjha ka beri sevakAi maMgaita heraita tuva pada lAje aura kakhana haraba dukha mora hai bholAnAtha ukta padoM dvArA kavi vidyApati ne bhagavAna zaMkara ko sambodhita kara apanI laghutA spaSTa kI hai aura kucha pazcAtApa kiyA hai, yaha spaSTa hotA hai, para isase to unake bhakta ke vyaktitva ko aura asAdhAraNa bala milatA hai| pramANa ke lie, eka sazakta udAharaNa leM; rAmacarita mAnasa ke racayitA tulasIdAsa jaise mahAna kavi kA sRjana dekhiye / pUrNa maryAdA saMpRkta evaM zRMgAra ko uttAnatA se ekadama asaMpRkta / rAmacarita mAnasa sAhitya kA rasa siddha kAvya hai / to phira tulasI kI 'vinaya patrikA' kyA hai ? dInatA, laghutA, mAna marSatA, bhaya, pazcAtApa, prAtmaglAni aura manorAjya se sane bhAvoM kA sUndara gItakAvya / para usako likhane kI unheM kyA AvazyakatA par3I thI? unhoMne vidyApati kI bhAMti kahIM bhI ghora zRgAra nahIM likhA phira kAma kA aura vAsanAoM kA unheM kyA bhaya thA ? apane uttama karmoM ko unhoMne burA kahA / unheM svayaM para bar3I prAtmaglAni huI aura unhoMne isa sArI prAtmavedanA ko 'vinaya patrikA' meM ubhArA to isase unakA bhakta mara kahA~ gayA ? isase to unheM aura adhika bhakta ke rUpa meM vaiziSTya prApta huA hai| ataH yadi ise bhakta kI vizAlatA aura ArAdhya ke samakSa svayaM ko choTA mAnane tathA usake samakSa apane aparAdhoM ko rakhakara kSamA yAcanA karane kA bar3appana kahA jAya to kaunasI asaMgati hai ? eka bAta vidyApati ke lie aura kahI jA sakatI hai ki ve vaiSNava nahIM, zaiva yA ziva bhakta the kyoMki unhoMne nacAriyoM meM ziva para pada likhe haiM, para ziva ke sAtha gaMgA para bhI to pada likhe haiM aura unake lie
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________________ 104 DaoN. harIza to kiMvadaMti bhI hai ki apane aMtima samaya meM jaba ve bImAra par3e to kahIM pA jA nahIM sakate the / dukhI hokara usa bhakta kavi ne gaMgAjI kI prArthanA kI ki ve unake antima samaya meM svayaM calakara eka amRtamaya sparza de deM; to kahate haiM, bhagavatI-bhAgIrathI ne svaya kavi ke dvAra para jAkara laharoM kA pAvana sparza isa bhakta ko deva usakA kalyANa kara diyA / isa dRSTi se unheM ziva bhakta yA zaiva na kaha kara gaMgA kA bhakta kyoM na kahA jAya ? yoM tulasIdAsa jI ne apanI kRtiyoM meM aneka devatAoM kI stuti upAsanA kI hai to ve zaiva, zAkta, vaiSNava Adi sabhI eka sAtha kyoM nahIM ho gaye ? kahIM aisA karane se bhakta kA saMpradAya aura upAsya badala sakatA hai ? aisA kahanA kevala eka khIMcAtAnI mAtra hogii| vastutaH ve tulasI kI hI bhAMti apane saMpradAya ke mahAna kavi the| isake atirikta mahAkavi tulasIdAsa kA mahAsukha prApta karane kA mAdhyama zRgArika nahIM thA, vaha sabakA mana bhAvana thaa| jabaki hamAre pAlocya kRti vidyApati kA mAdhyama to kevala mAtra zakti va ziva yA rAdhAkRSNa ke hAsa-vilAsa, rati va anya lIlAoM kA varNana prAnanda hI thaa| yahI mArga unheM ucita jAna par3A aura paramparA se yaha mArga svIkAra karane ke lie unheM bAdhya honA hI par3A / anyathA vidyApati jaisA rasa siddha aura prabuddha kavi kyA svayaM apane yuga meM itanA bhI nahIM soca sakatA thA ki pAne vAlI pIr3hiyAM usako apanI ina kRtiyoM para kyA upAdhiyA~ degI aura usake padoM ke kyA 2 artha lagAye jaayeNge| jAna bUjhakara koI kavi apane racanA viSayoM ko kisa prakAra azlIlatva kI Aga meM jhoMka sakatA hai ? vastuta: ve svayaM apane varNya viSaya ko aucitya kI sImAoM meM pratiSThita aura zreSTha mAnate the| . ye sabhI bAteM vidyApati kI padAvalI ko hI lekara uThIM aura saMbhavata: vidvAnoM ne apanA nirNaya bhI unake padoM para hI diyA hai, para hama pAlocakoM ke sAmane vinamratA se isa bAta ko bhI rakhane kA prayatna karanA cAhate haiM ki abhI vidyApati ke padoM kA vaijJAnika aura prAmANika pATha hI kahAM upalabdha hotA hai ? isa ora pATha vijJAna ke saMdhAtAoM ko vizeSa gaMbhIratA se socanA caahiye| nahIM to vidyApati ke apramANika, asampAdita padoM se aura bhI na jAne kitanI bhrAntiyAM phailAI jA sakatI haiN| vidyApati kA vizuddha bhakta ke rUpa meM vyaktitva prastuta karane kI eka dRSTi hamane prastuta kI hai / hamane apanI bAta kahI hai, isase vidvAna asahamata bhI ho sakate haiM, para adhyayana ko apanI dizA aura ciMtana meM kisI maulika pahalU ko lekara apanI bAta kahane kA haka to sabhI ko hai| pAThaka yahI samajha, ise par3haleM to hama apanA zrama kRta kArya smjheNge|