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________________ riibhagavAna mahAvIra |- DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla
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________________ tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ToDaramala kumAraka lekhaka : DaoN. hukamacanda bhArilla zAstrI, nyAyatIrtha, sAhityaratna, ema. e., pIeca. DI. prakAzaka : paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa e - 4, bApUnagara, jayapura - 302015 phona : 0141-515581, 515458
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________________ hindI : prathama caudaha saMskaraNa ( pharavarI 1973 se adyatana ) pandrahavA~ saMskaraNa (5 jUna, 2003) aMgrejI telagU gujarAtI marAThI asamI kannar3a tamila yoga mahAyoga mUlya : do rupaye pacAsa paise mudraka : jayapura priMTarsa prA. li. ema.AI. roDa jayapura : : : : : 23 hajAra 400 : 50 hajAra 4 hajAra 8 hajAra 5 hajAra 2 hajAra 2 hajAra 2 lAkha 8 hajAra 600 : : : 1 lAkha 11 hajAra 400 : 3 hajAra 1 lAkha 14 hajAra 400
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________________ prakAzakIya (pandrahavA~ saMskaraNa) 'tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra kA yaha pandrahavA~ saMskaraNa prakAzita karate hue hameM hArdika prasannatA kA anubhava ho rahA hai| isakA sarvaprathama prakAzana bhagavAna mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa varSa meM kiyA gayA thaa| taba se abataka isakI 2 lAkha 5 hajAra 600 pratiyA~ deza kI vibhinna bhASAoM meM chapakara samAja taka pahu~ca cukI hai| hindI meM 1 lAkha 11 hajAra 400 pratiyA~ caudaha saMskaraNoM ke mAdhyama se bika cukI haiN| paNDita ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa kA to racanAtmaka kAryoM meM hI vizvAsa hai / hamArI hArdika bhAvanA hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM darzana se sambandhita satsAhitya alpa mUlya meM deza ke kaune-kaune meM pahu~ce tathA hara ghara meM isakA paThana-pAThana ho| isI uddezya se isa pustikA kA yaha saMskaraNa naI sAja-sajjA ke sAtha Apake hAthoM meM hai| isake prakAzana ke pUrva isake lekhaka DaoN. hukamacandajI bhArilla ne isako punaH AdyopAMta par3hA hai aura Avazyaka saMzodhana kara ise parimArjita rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| pustaka ke lekhana hetu DaoN. bhArillajI kA jitanA upakAra mAnA jAe kama hai| unhoMne atyanta sarala va sarasa zailI meM abataka 53 kRtiyoM kA sRjana kara use sastI daroM para sAmAnyajana ko upalabdha karAyA hai| ve dIrghajIvI hoM tathA lekhana va pravacanoM ke mAdhyama se samAja ko dizA dete raheM - aisI kAmanA hai| isa kRti ko alpamUlya meM pahu~cAne kA zreya una dAtAroM ko hai, jinhoMne kImata kama karane meM apanA Arthika sahayoga pradAna kiyA hai| dAtAroM kI sUcI pRthak se prakAzita hai| sabhI dAtAroM kA hama hRdaya se AbhAra mAnate haiN| sAtha hI prakAzana vibhAga ke prabhArI zrI akhila baMsala ko bhI dhanyavAda denA cAheMge, jinhoMne prakAzana kA dAyitva bakhUbI nibhAyA hai| Apa sabhI isa pustikA ke mAdhyama se bhagavAna mahAvIra ke jIvana evaM darzana kA anveSaNa kara unake batAe hue mArga para calakara ananta sukha prApta kareM aisI pavitra bhAvanA hai| bra. yazapAla jaina prakAzana maMtrI
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________________ prastuta saMskaraNa kI kImata kama karane vAle dAtAroM kI sUcI 1. zrI zAntinAthajI sonAja, akalUja 2. zrI bAbUlAla totArAmajI jaina, bhusAvala 3. zrImatI zrIkAntAbAI dha.pa. zrI pUnamacandajI chAvar3A, indaura 4. bra. kusuma jaina, kumbhoja bAhubalI 5. zrImatI razmidevI vIrezajI kAsalIvAla, sUrata 6. zrImatI sulocanA bAI bar3ajAtyA, indaura 7. caudharI phUlacandajI jaina, mumbaI 8. zrImatI pAnAdevI mohanalAlajI seThI, gauhATI 9. zrImatI gulAbIdevI lakSmInArAyaNajI rArA, zivasAgara 10. zrImatI sohanadevI sva. tanasukhalAlajI pATanI, jayapura 11. sva. dhApUdevI dha.pa. sva. tArAcandajI gaMgavAla kI puNya smRti meM, jayapura indaura 12. priya bar3ajAtyA, 13. zrI komalacandajI jaina, bar3anagara 14. zrImatI kAntAbAI ratanalAlajI vaidya, indaura 15. zrImatI mizrIbAI paM. cunnIlAlajI jaina, indaura 16. zrImatI premalatA jaina, indaura 17. zrImatI alakA jaina, indaura 18. zrImatI rAjulabAI bAbUlAlajI jaina, dhAra kula rAzi 251.00 251.00 251.00 251.00 251.00 251.00 111.00 101.00 101.00 101.00 101.00 101.00 101.00. 101.00 101.00 101.00 101.00 101.00 2728.00
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________________ tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana aba purANoM kI gAthA mAtra nahIM rahA, unheM aba itihAsakAroM ne aitihAsika mahApuruSa ke rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA hai / mahAtmA gAMdhI ne unheM "ahiMsA ke avatAra" ke rUpa meM yAda kiyA hai| jaina mAnyatAnusAra bhagavAna ananta hote haiN| pratyeka AtmA bhagavAna bana sakatA hai, para tIrthaMkara eka yuga meM va eka kSetra meM caubIsa hI hote haiN| pratyeka tIrthaMkara,bhagavAna to niyama se hote haiM; para pratyeka bhagavAna, tIrthaMkara nahIM / tIrthaMkara hue binA bhI bhagavAna ho sakate haiN| jisase saMsAra-sAgara tirA jAya use tIrtha kahate haiM aura jo aise tIrtha ko kare arthAt saMsAra-sAgara se pAra utarane kA mArga batAve, use tIrthaMkara kahate haiN| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra bharatakSetra va isa yuga ke caubIsaveM evaM antima tIrthaMkara the| unase pUrva RSabhadeva Adi 23 tIrthaMkara aura ho cuke the| ve jainadharma ke saMsthApaka nahIM, varan eka prabala pracAraka the| jainadharma koI mata yA sampradAya nahIM hai, vaha to vastu kA svarUpa hai; vaha eka tathya hai, parama satya hai| usa parama satya ko prApta kara nara se nArAyaNa banA jA sakatA hai| ___bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana ahiMsA ke AdhAra para mAnava jIvana ke carama vikAsa kI kahAnI hai| kSatriya rAjakumAra hone para bhI unhoMne kabhI vizva-vijaya ke svapna nahIM dekhe| bAharI
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________________ (6) AyudhoM se dUsaroM ko jItane meM unheM jIta dikhAI nahIM dI / unakA vicAra thA ki apane antara meM uThane vAlI moha-rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM ko jItanA hI saccI jIta hai| ___ ataH unhoMne antaronmukhI vRtti dvArA moha-rAga-dveSa kA abhAva kara jJAna kA pUrNa vikAsa karanA hI apanA lakSya banAyA aura usa dizA meM apUrva puruSArtha bhI kiyA / phalataH ve pUrNa vItarAgI aura sarvajJa bane tathA bhagavAna kahe jAne lge| __ jo vItarAgI aura sarvajJa ho vahI bhagavAna hai| binA pUrNa jJAna prApta kie aura vItarAgI bane koI bhagavAna nahIM ho sktaa| jaina mAnyatAnusAra bhagavAna janmate nahIM, banate haiM | janma se koI bhagavAna nahIM hotaa| mahAvIra bhI janma se bhagavAna na the| janma ke samaya to ve hama aura Apa jaise mAnava hI the| bhagavAna to ve bAda meM bane, jaba unhoMne apane ko jiitaa| moha-rAga-dveSa ko jItanA hI apane ko jItanA hai| ___ unhoMne svayaM kahA hai - apane ko jIta liyA to jaga jIta liyA aura apane ko jAna liyA to jaga jAna liyaa| bhagavAna mahAvIra dvArA pratipAdita siddhAnta jitane gUr3ha, gaMbhIra va grAhya haiM; unakA jIvana utanA hI sAdA, sarala evaM sapATa hai; usameM vividhatAoM ko koI sthAna prApta nhiiN| unakI jIvana-gAthA mAtra itanI hI hai ki ve AraMbha ke tIsa varSa vaibhava aura vilAsa ke bIca jala se bhinna kamalavat rhe| bIca ke bAraha varSa jaMgala meM parama maMgala kI sAdhanA meM ekAnta AtmaArAdhanA-rata rahe aura antima 30 varSa prANimAtra ke kalyANa ke lie sarvodaya tIrtha kA pravartana, pracAra va prasAra karate rhe| mahAvIra kA janma vaizAlI gaNatantra ke prasiddha rAjanetA rAjA
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________________ (7) siddhArtha kI rAnI trizalA ke udara se kuNDagrAma meM huA thaa| unakI mA~ vaizAlI gaNatantra ke adhyakSa rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thiiN| ve Aja se 2600 varSa pUrva caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina nAthavaMzIya kSatriya kula meM janme the| ____mahAvIra kA nAma unake mAtA-pitA ne unako nitya vRddhiMgata hote dekha varddhamAna rkhaa| unake janma kA utsava unake mAtA-pitA va parijana-purajanoM ne to bahuta ullAsa ke sAtha manAyA hI thA, sAtha hI bhAvI tIrthaMkara hone se indroM aura devoM ne bhI Akara mahAn utsava kiyA thA, jise janmakalyANotsava kahate haiN| indra unheM airAvata hAthI para baiThAkara sumeru parvata para le gaye aura vahA~ pANDukazilA para bar3e hI ThATabATa se unakA janmAbhiSeka kiyA, jisakA vistRta vivaraNa jaina purANoM meM upalabdha hai| ____ bAlaka varddhamAna janma se hI svastha, sundara evaM AkarSaka vyaktitva vAle bAlaka the| ve doja ke candra kI bhAMti nitya vRddhiMgata hote hue apane varddhamAna nAma ko sArthaka karane lge| unakI kaMcanavarNI kAyA apanI kAMti se sabako AkarSita karatI thii| unake rUpa-sauMdarya kA pAna karane ke lie surapati indra ne hajAra netra banAe the| ve AtmajJAnI, vicAravAn, vivekI aura nirbhIka bAlaka the| DaranA to unhoMne sIkhA hI na thaa| ve sAhasa ke putale the| ataH unheM bacapana se hI vIra, ativIra kahA jAne lagA thaa| AtmajJAnI hone se unheM sanmati bhI kahA jAtA thaa| unake pAMca nAma prasiddha haiM - vIra, ativIra, sanmati, varddhamAna aura mahAvIra / ve pratyutpannamati the aura vipattiyoM meM apanA santulana nahIM
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________________ (8) khote the| eka dina apanI bAla-sulabha krIr3AoM se mAtA-pitA, parijanoM aura purajanoM ko Ananda dene vAle bAlaka varddhamAna anya rAjakumAroM ke sAtha krIr3Avana meM khela rahe the| khela hI khela meM anya bAlakoM ke sAtha varddhamAna bhI eka vRkSa para car3ha ge| itane meM hI eka bhayaMkara kAlA sarpa Akara vRkSa se lipaTa gayA aura krodhAveza meM vIroM ko bhI kampita kara dene vAlI phukAra karane lgaa| viSama sthiti meM apane ko pAkara anya bAlaka to bhaya se kAMpane lage para dhIra-vIra bAlaka varddhamAna ko vaha bhayaMkara nAgarAja vicalita na kara skaa| mahAvIra ko apanI ora nirbhaya aura niHzaMka AtA dekha vaha nAgarAja nirmada hokara svayaM apane rAste calatA bnaa| isIprakAra eka bAra eka hAthI madonmatta ho gayA aura gajazAlA ke stambha ko tor3akara nagara meM viplava macAne lgaa| sAre nagara meM khalabalI maca gii| sabhI loga ghabar3A kara yahA~-vahA~ bhAgane lage, para rAjakumAra varddhamAna ne apanA dhairya nahIM khoyA tathA / zakti aura yukti se zIghra hI gajarAja para kAbU pA liyaa| rAjakumAra varddhamAna kI vIratA va dhairya kI carcA nagara meM sarvatra hone lgii| ve pratibhAsampanna rAjakumAra the| bar3I se bar3I samasyAoM kA samAdhAna cuTakiyoM meM kara diyA karate the| ve zAnta-prakRti ke to the hI, yuvAvasthA meM praveza karate hI unakI gambhIratA aura bar3ha gii| ve atyanta ekAntapriya ho gye| ve nirantara cintavana meM hI lage rahate the aura gUr3ha tattvacarcAe~ kiyA karate the| tattva sambandhI bar3I se bar3I zaMkAe~ tattvajijJAsu unase karate aura ve bAtoM hI bAtoM meM unakA samAdhAna kara dete the| bahuta-sI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna to unakI saumya AkRti hI
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________________ (6) kara detI thI / bar3e-bar3e RSigaNoM kI zaMkAe~ bhI unake darzana mAtra se zAMta ho jAtI thiiN| ve zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM karate the, varan svayaM samAdhAna the / eka dina ve rAjamahala kI cauthI maMjila para ekAnta meM vicAra- magna baiThe the| unake bAla sAthI unase milane ko Ae aura mA~ trizalA se pUchane lage- "varddhamAna kahAM hai ?" gRhakArya meM saMlagna mA~ ne sahaja hI kaha diyA- "Upara" saba bAlaka Upara ko daur3e aura hA~phate hue sAtavIM maMjila para pahu~ce, para vahAM varddhamAna ko na paayaa| jaba unhoMne svAdhyAya meM saMlagna rAjA siddhArtha se varddhamAna ke sambandha meM pUchA to unhoMne binA gardana uThAye hI kaha diyA- "nIce" / mA~ aura pitA ke paraspara viruddha kathanoM ko sunakara bAlaka asamaMjasa meM par3a gae / antataH unhoMne eka-eka maMjila khojanA Arambha kiyA aura cauthI maMjila para varddhamAna ko vicAramagna baiThe pAyA / saba sAthiyoM ne ulAhane ke svara meM kahA - "tuma yahAM chipe-chipe dArzanikoM kI sI mudrA meM baiThe ho aura hamane sAtoM maMjileM chAna ddaaliiN"| "mA~ se kyoM nahIM pUchA ?" varddhamAna ne sahaja prazna kiyA / sAthI bole, "pUchane se hI to saba kucha gar3abar3a huA / mA~ kahatI haiM - 'Upara' aura pitAjI, 'nIce' / kahAM khojeM ? kauna satya hai ?" varddhamAna ne kahA- "donoM satya haiN| maiM cauthI maMjila para hone se mA~ kI apekSA 'Upara' aura pitAjI kI apekSA 'nIce' hU~; kyoMki mA~ pahalI maMjila aura pitAjI sAtavIM maMjila para haiM / itanA bhI
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________________ (10) nahIM samajhate ? Upara-nIce kI sthiti sApekSa hai| binA apekSA Upara-nIce kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| vastu kI sthiti, para se nirapekSa hone para bhI usakA kathana sApekSa hotA hai| pratipAdana kI isI zailI ko hI to syAdvAda kahate haiM | syAdvAda eka aisI zailI hai, jisameM kahIM kisI ko koI virodha nahIM A sktaa| yaha sarva samAdhAnakAraka evaM sarva samanvayasaMyukta vANI hai|" isaprakAra bAlaka varddhamAna syAdvAda jaise gahana siddhAntoM ko bAlakoM ko bhI sahaja samajhA dete the| ve bar3e dhIra-vIra kSatriya yuvaka the| ve cAhate to rAjA bana sakate the| prajA ko satA kara apanA rAjakoSa bhara sakate the aura usake bala para eka bar3I bhArI senA rakha kara bahuta se hare-bhare dezoM ko ujAr3a banA kara mahArAjA bhI bana sakate the| para yaha saba-kucha unheM iSTa na thaa| jise hama sampatti mAnate haiM, vaha unheM vipatti pratIta huI; rAjya-sukha baMdhana lgaa| mAnavatA ke utpIr3ana meM Ananda kI kalpanA ve na kara ske| ve to zAzvata atIndriya Ananda kI khoja meM the aura vaha Ananda bAhara se nahIM, apane aMtara meM prApta hone vAlI vastu hai; ataH unakI vRttiyA~ antaronmukhI ho giiN| ___ usa yuga meM bAhya vAtAvaraNa hiMsA se vyApta thaa| dharma ke nAma para bhI hiMsA tANDava-nRtya kara rahI thii| yajJoM meM pazuoM kI bali to sAdhAraNa bAta ho gaI thI, naramegha yajJa taka hone lage the| dharma ke ThekedAra svarga meM bhejane ke bahAne dharma ke nAma para nirIha pazuoM aura asahAya mAnavoM ko homane lage the| ahiMsA ke avatAra mahAvIra kA apane ko ukta vAtAvaraNa meM khapA pAnA sambhava na thaa| ve sabako sanmArga dikhAnA cAhate the;
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________________ (11) kintu dUsaroM ko samajhAne ke pUrva ve apane jJAna kA pUrNa vikAsa kara lenA cAhate the| bAhya hiMsA se jagat ko rokane ke pahale ve apane antara meM vidyamAna rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAvahiMsA ko pUrNa samApta kara denA cAhate the| ataH unhoMne gRha tyAga kara sanyAsa lene kA vicAra kiyaa| ve mahAvIra to bananA cAhate the; para hiMsA, atyAcAra, parapIr3ana, saMhAra aura krUratA ke nahIM; varan ahiMsA aura zAMti ke mahAvIra bananA cAhate the| duniyA~ ne unheM apane raMga meM raMganA cAhA; para AtmA ke raMga meM sarvAMga sarAbora mahAvIra para duniyA~ kA raMga na car3hA / yauvana ne apane pralobhanoM ke pAse phaiMke; kintu usake bhI dAMva khAlI gye| mAtA-pitA kI mamatA ne unheM rokanA cAhA; para mA~ ke AMsuoM kI bAr3ha bhI unheM bahA na skii| unake rUpa-saundarya evaM bala-vikrama se prabhAvita ho aneka rAjAgaNa apanI apsarAoM ke saundarya ko lajjita kara dene vAlI kanyAoM kI zAdI unase karane ke prastAva lekara Ae; para aneka rAjakanyAoM ke hRdaya meM vAsa karane vAle mahAvIra kA mana una kanyAoM meM na thaa| mAtA-pitA ne bhI unase zAdI karane kA bahuta Agraha kiyA, para ve to indriya nigraha kA nizcaya kara cuke the| ___ cAroM ora se unheM gRhasthI ke bandhana meM bAMdhane ke aneka yatna kiye gae, para ve abandha-svabhAvI AtmA kA Azraya lekara saMsAra ke sarva bandhanoM se mukta hone kA nizcaya kara cuke the| jo mohabandhana tor3a cukA ho use kauna bAMdha sakatA thA? pariNAmasvarUpa tIsa varSIya bhare yauvana meM unhoMne ghara-bAra chodd'aa| nagna digambara ho nirjana vana meM AtmasAdhanA-rata ho ge|
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________________ ( 12 ) ve mauna rahate the, kisI se bAtacIta nahIM karate the / kaMTakAkIrNa bhUmi hI unakI zayyA thI aura nIlA AkAza hI cAdara / bhujA kA takiyA banA kara rAtri ke pichale pahara meM ve eka karavaTa muzkila se ghar3I-doghar3I nidrA lete the / nirantara Atmacintana meM hI lage rahate the| yahA~ taka ki snAna aura dantadhovana ke vikalpa se bhI pare the| zatru aura mitra meM samabhAva rakhane vAle mahAvIra giri-kandarAoM meM vAsa karate the / zIta, grISma, varSAdi RtuoM ke pracaNDa vega se ve 1 tanika bhI vicalita na hote the / unakI saumya mUrti, svAbhAvika saralatA, ahiMsAmaya jIvana evaM zAMta svabhAva kA prabhAva vanyapazuoM para bhI par3atA thA aura ve svabhAvagata vaira-virodha chor3a sAmyabhAva dhAraNa karate the / ahi-nakula tathA gAya aura zera eka ghATa pAnI pIte the / jahA~ ve Thaharate, vAtAvaraNa zAntimaya ho jAtA thA / kabhI kadAcit bhojana kA vikalpa uThatA to aneka aTapaTI pratijJAe~ lekara ve bhojana ke lie samIpastha nagara kI ora Ate / yadi koI zrAvaka unakI pratijJAoM ke anurUpa zuddha sAtvika AhAra navadhA bhakti-pUrvaka detA to atyanta sAvadhAnIpUrvaka khar3ekhar3e nirIha bhAva se rUkhA-sUkhA AhAra grahaNa kara zIghra vana ko vApisa cale jAte the| munirAja mahAvIra kA AhAra eka bAra ati vipannAvasthA ko prApta satI caMdanabAlA ke hAtha se bhI huA thA / isaprakAra antarbAhya ghora tapazcaraNa karate bAraha varSa bIta gae / bayAlIsa varSa kI avasthA meM Atma-nimagnatA kI dazA meM unhoMne antara meM vidyamAna sUkSma rAga kA bhI abhAva kara pUrNa vItarAga dazA prApta karalI / pUrNa vItarAgatA prApta hote hI unheM paripUrNa jJAna kI bhI prApti huI / moha-rAga-dveSa rUpI zatruoM ko pUrNatayA
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________________ (13) jIta lene se ve sacce mahAvIra bne| pUrNa vItarAgI aura sarvajJa hone se ve bhagavAna kahalAe / usI samaya tIrthaMkara nAmaka mahApuNyodaya se unheM tIrthaMkara padavI prApta huI aura ve tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke rUpa meM vizruta hue| usake bAda unakA tattvopadeza hone lgaa| unakI dharmasabhA ko 'samavazaraNa' kahA jAtA hai / usameM pratyeka prANI ko jAne kA adhikAra prApta thaa| choTe-bar3e kA koI bheda nahIM thA / jAti-pAMti ko koI sthAna prApta na thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jAtigata zreSThatA ko kabhI mahatva nahIM diyA / unake anusAra zreSThatva kA mApadaNDa | mAnava ke AcAra aura vicAra haiN| AcAra zuddhi ke lie ahiMsA aura vicAra zuddhi ke lie anekAntAtmaka dRSTikoNa Avazyaka haiN| jisakA AcAra ahiMsaka hai, jisane vicAra meM vastu-tattva ko sparza kiyA hai tathA jo apane meM utara cukA hai; cAhe vaha cAMDAla hI kyoM na ho, vaha mAnava hI nahIM, deva se bhI bar3hakara hai| kahA bhI hai - (anuSTup) samyagdarzana sampannamapi mAtaMga dehajam / devAdevaM vidurbhasma, gUr3hAMgArAntaraujasam / / ' jo vyakti samyagdarzana se sampanna hai; vaha vyakti bhale hI mAMtaga jaise hInakula meM paidA huA ho; phira bhasma kI bhItara chupI huI agni ke samAna devoM kA bhI deva hai / unakI dharmasabhA meM rAjA-raMka, garIba-amIra, gore-kAle saba mAnava eka sAtha baiThakara dharma zravaNa karate the / yahA~ taka ki usameM 1. AcArya samantabhadra : ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, zloka 28
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________________ (14) mAnavoM-devoM ke sAtha-sAtha pazuoM ke baiThane kI bhI vyavasthA thI aura bahuta se pazugaNa bhI zAntipUrvaka dharma zravaNa karate the| sarvaprANI-samabhAva jaisA mahAvIra kI dharmasabhA meM prApta thA; vaisA anyatra durlabha hai| mahAvIra ke dharmazAsana meM mahilAoM ko sammAnapUrNa sthAna prApta thaa| unake dvArA sthApita caturvidha saMga meM muni-saMgha aura zrAvaka-saMgha ke sAtha-sAtha AryikA-saMgha aura zrAvikA-saMgha bhI the| __ aneka virodhI vidvAna bhI unake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara apanI paramparAoM ko tyAga unake ziSya bane / pramukha virodhI vidvAna indrabhUti gautama to unake pramukha ziSyoM meM se the| ve hI unake prathama gaNadhara bane; jo ki gautama svAmI ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| sudharma svAmI Adi aura bhI unake gaNadhara the| zrAvaka ziSyoM meM magadha samrATa mahArAjA zreNika (bimbasAra) pramukha the| lagAtAra tIsa varSa taka sAre bhAratavarSa meM unakA vihAra hotA rahA / unakA upadeza jana-bhASA meM hotA thaa| unake upadeza ko divyadhvani kahA jAtA hai| unhoMne apanI divyavANI meM pUrNarUpa se AtmA kI svatantratA kI ghoSaNA kii| ___ unakA kahanA thA ki pratyeka AtmA svatantra hai, koI kisI ke AdhIna nahIM hai| pUrNa svatantratA prApta karane kA mArga svAvalaMbana hai| apane bala para hI svatantratA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ananta sukha aura svatantratA bhIkha meM prApta hone vAlI vastu nahIM hai, aura na use dUsaroM ke bala para hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| saba AtmAe~ svatantra bhinna-bhinna haiM, eka nahIM; para ve eka-sI avazya haiM; barAbara haiM, koI choTI-bar3I nahIM / ataH unhoMne kahA - (1) apane samAna dUsarI AtmAoM ko jaano|
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________________ (15) (2) saba AtmAe~ samAna haiM, para eka nahIM / (3) yadi sahI dizA meM puruSArtha kare to pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA bana sakatA hai| (4) pratyeka prANI apanI bhUla se svayaM duHkhI hai aura apanI bhUla sudhAra kara sukhI bhI ho sakatA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne jo kahA, vaha koI nayA satya nahIM thA / satya meM naye-purAne kA bheda kaisA ? unhoMne jo kahA vaha sadA se hai, sanAtana hai / unhoMne satya kI sthApanA nahIM, satya kA udghATana kiyaa| unhoMne koI nayA dharma sthApita nahIM kiyA / unhoMne dharma ko nahIM, dharma meM khoI AsthA ko sthApita kiyA / dharma vastu ke svabhAva ko kahate haiM / vastu kA svabhAva banAyA nahIM jA sakatA / jo banAyA jA sake, vaha svabhAva kaisA ? vaha to jAnA jAtA hai / kartRtva ke ahaMkAra evaM apanatva ke mamakAra se dUra raha kara jo sva aura para ko samagra rUpa se jAna sake, mahAvIra ke anusAra vahI bhagavAna hai| bhagavAna jagata kA taTastha jJAtA-dRSTA hotA hai, kartA-dhartA nahIM / jo samasta jagata ko jAnakara usase pUrNa alipta vItarAga raha sake athavA pUrNa rUpa se aprabhAvita rahakara jAna sake, vahI bhagavAna hai / tIrthaMkara bhagavAna vastusvarUpa ko jAnate haiM, batAte haiM; banAte nahIM / ve tIrthaMkara the, unhoMne dharmatIrtha kA pravartana kiyaa| unhoMne jo upadeza diyA use AcArya samantabhadra ne sarvodaya tIrtha kahA hai - ( upajAti) sarvAntavat tadguNamukhyakalpam, sarvAntazUnyaM ca mitho'napekSam / sarvApadAmantakaraM nirantam, sarvodayaM tIrthamidaM tavaiva / / ' 1. yuktyanuzAsana, zloka 62
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________________ (16) he bhagavAna mahAvIra ! ApakA sarvodaya tIrtha sApekSa hone se sarva dharmoM ' ko lie hue hai| isameM mukhya aura gauNa kI vivakSA se kathana hai; ataH koI virodha nahIM AtA; kintu anya vAdiyoM ke kathana nirapekSa hone se sampUrNataH vastusvarUpa kA pratipAdana karane meM asamartha haiM / ApakA zAsana (tattvopadeza) sarva ApadAoM kA anta karane aura samasta saMsArI prANiyoM ko saMsAra-sAgara se pAra karane meM samartha hai; ataH sarvodaya tIrtha hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kA sarvodaya, vargodaya ke viruddha eka vaicArika krAMti hai| jisameM saba kA udaya ho vahI sarvodaya hai| ve mAnava mAtra kA hI nahIM, prANImAtra kA udaya cAhate the|dhrm ke sarvodaya svarUpa kA tAtparya sarva jIva samabhAva aura sarva jAti samabhAva se hai| saba jIvoM kI unnati ke samAna avasaroM kI upalabdhi hI sarvodaya hai| dUsaroM kA burA cAhakara koI apanA bhalA nahIM kara sakatA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA rahate kabhI koI varga sukhI aura zAnta nahIM raha sakatA / yaha kadApi nahIM cala sakatA ki eka ora to asIma bhoga-sAmagrI sahaja hI upalabdha ho aura dUsarI ora zrama karate hue bhI jIvanayApana ke lie Avazyaka vastue~ bhI upalabdha na ho skeN| __usake lie bhagavAna mahAvIra ne aparigraha aura alpaparigraha kI vyavasthA ko upAdeya kahA, para ukta vyavasthA kI sthApanA ahiMsAtmaka DhaMga se hI honI caahie| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ahiMsA ko parama dharma ghoSita kiyA hai| sAmAjika jIvana meM viSamatA rahate ahiMsA nahIM panapa sktii| ataH ahiMsA ke sAmAjika prayoga ke lie jIvana meM samanvaya-vRtti, 1. sAmAnya-vizeSa, dravya-paryAya, vidhi-niSedha, eka-aneka Adi
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________________ (17) saha-astitva kI bhAvanA evaM sahiSNutA ati Avazyaka hai| mahAvIra ne janasAdhAraNa meM saMbhAvita zArIrika hiMsA ko kama karane ke lie saha-astitva, sahiSNutA aura samatAbhAva para jora diyA, to vaicArika hiMsA se bacane ke lie anekAnta kA samanvayAtmaka dRSTikoNa pradAna kiyaa| ___ mahAvIra kI ahiMsA ke aneka rUpa haiN| anekAnta, syAdvAda aura aparigraha ahiMsA ke hI rUpAntara haiN| ahiMsA kI hI divya-jyoti vicAra ke kSetra meM anekAnta, vacana-vyavahAra ke kSetra meM syAdvAda aura sAmAjika tathA AtmazAnti ke kSetra meM alpaparigraha yA aparigraha ke rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne sadA hI ahiMsAtmaka AcaraNa para jora diyA hai| jaina AcaraNa chUAchUta-mUlaka na hokara, jisameM hiMsA na ho yA kama se kama hiMsA ho, ke AdhAra para nizcita hotA hai| pAnI chAna kara pInA, rAtri-bhojana nahIM karanA, madya-mAMsa kA sevana nahIM karanA Adi samasta AcaraNa, ahiMsA ko lakSya meM rakhakara hI apanAye gaye haiN| hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI jaisI sUkSma vyAkhyA bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kI hai vaisI anyatra durlabha hai| ve kahate haiM : . (AryA) aprAdurbhAvaH khalu rAgAdInAM bhvtyhiNseti| teSAmevotpattiH hiMseti jinAgamasya sNkssepH||' AtmA meM moha-rAga-dveSa bhAvoM kI utpatti nahIM honA ahiMsA hai aura unakI utpatti honA hI hiMsA hai| yahI jinAgama kA sAra hai| 1. AcArya amRtacandra : puruSArthasiddhayupAya, zloka 44
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________________ (18) Atma zuddhi ke lie moha-rAga-dveSa rUpa bhAvahiMsA kA tyAga Avazyaka hai / mahAvIra ne janma-mUlaka varNa-vyavasthA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyaa| ve yogyatA-mUlaka samAja-vyavasthA meM vizvAsa rakhate the; kyoMki vyakti kI U~cAI kA AdhAra usakI yogyatA aura AcAra-vicAra hai, na ki janma | janma se hI choTe-bar3e kA bheda karanA bhI hiMsAtmaka AcaraNa hai / Aja hamane mAnava-mAnava ke bIca aneka dIvAreM khar3I karalI haiN| ye dIvAreM prAkRtika na hokara hamAre dvArA hI khar3I kI gaI haiN| ye dIvAreM raMga-bheda, varNa-bheda, jAti-bheda, kula-bheda, deza va prAnta-bheda Adi kI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki Aja sAre vizva meM eka tanAva kA vAtAvaraNa hai / eka deza dUsare deza se zaMkita hai aura eka prAnta dUsare prAnta se / yahA~ taka ki mAnava mAnava kI hI nahIM, eka prANI dUsare prANI kI icchA aura AkAMkSAoM ko avizvAsa kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| bhale hI ve paraspara eka dUsare se pUrNataH asaMpRkta hI kyoM na hoM, para eka dUsare ke lakSya se eka vizeSa prakAra kA tanAva lekara jI rahe haiN| tanAva se sAre vizva kA vAtAvaraNa eka ghuTana kA vAtAvaraNa bana rahA hai| vAstavika dharma vaha hai jo isa tanAva ko va ghuTana ko samApta kare yA kama kare / tanAvoM se vAtAvaraNa viSAkta banatA hai aura viSAkta vAtAvaraNa mAnasika zAnti bhaMga kara detA hai| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI pUrvakAlIna evaM samakAlIna paristhiti bhI saba kucha milAkara isI prakAra kI thI / tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke mAnasa meM AtmakalyANa ke sAtha-sAtha vizvakalyANa kI preraNA bhI thI aura usI preraNA ne unheM tIrthaMkara bnaayaa| unakA sarvodaya tIrtha Aja bhI utanA hI grAhya, tAjA aura
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________________ (16) preraNAprada hai-jitanA unake samaya meM thaa| unake tIrtha meM na saMkIrNatA thI aura na mAnavakRta sImAe~ / jIvana kI jisa dhArA ko ve mAnava ke lie pravAhita karanA cAhate the, vahI vastutaH sanAtana satya hai| dhArmika jar3atA aura Arthika apavyaya rokane ke lie mahAvIra ne kriyAkANDa aura yajJoM kA virodha kiyaa| AdamI ko AdamI ke nikaTa lAne ke lie varNa-vyavasthA ko karma ke AdhAra para batAyA / jIvana ke jIne ke lie anekAnta kI bhAvabhUmi, syAdvAda kI bhASA aura aNuvrata kA AcAra-vyavahAra diyA aura mAnavavyaktitva ke carama vikAsa ke lie kahA ki Izvara tumhI ho, apane Apa ko pahicAno aura IzvarIya guNoM kA vikAsa kara Izvaratva ko paao| tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne jisa sarvodaya tIrtha kA praNayana kiyA, usake jisa dharmatattva ko loka ke sAmane rakhA; usameM na jAti kI sImA hai, na kSetra kI aura na kAla kI; na raMga, varNa, liMga Adi kii| dharma meM saMkIrNatA aura sImA nahIM hotii| ___ Atmadharma sabhI AtmAoM ke lie hai aura dharma ko mAtra mAnava se jor3anA bhI eka prakAra kI saMkIrNatA hai, vaha to prANImAtra kA dharma hai / 'mAnavadharma' zabda bhI pUrNa udAratA kA sUcaka nahIM hai| vaha bhI dharma ke kSetra ko mAnava samAja taka hI sImita karatA hai; jaba ki dharma kA sambandha samasta prANI jagata se hai; kyoMki sabhI prANI sukha aura zAnti se rahanA cAhate haiM / dharma kA sarvodaya svarUpa taba taka prApta nahIM ho sakatA; jaba taka ki Agraha samApta nahIM ho jAtA; kyoMki Agraha vigraha ko janma detA hai, prANI ko asahiSNu banA detA hai| dhArmika asahiSNutA se bhI vizva meM bahuta kalaha va raktapAta
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________________ (20) huA hai, itihAsa isakA sAkSI hai | jaba-jaba dhArmika Agraha sahiSNutA kI sImA ko lAMgha jAtA hai; taba-taba vaha apane pracAra va prasAra ke lie hiMsA kA Azraya lene lagatA hai| dharma kA yaha durbhAgya hI kahA jAyagA ki usake nAma para raktapAta hue aura vaha bhI ukta raktapAta ke kAraNa vizva meM ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhA jAne lgaa| __isaprakAra jisa dharmatattva ke pracAra ke lie hiMsA apanAI gaI, vahI hiMsA usake hRAsa kA kAraNa bnii| kisI kA mana talavAra kI dhAra se nahIM palaTA jA sktaa| ajJAna jJAna se kaTatA hai, use hamane talavAra se kATane kA yatna kiyaa| vizva meM nAstikatA ke pracAra meM isakA bahuta bar3A hAtha hai| __bhagavAna mahAvIra ne ukta tathya ko bhalI prakAra samajhA thaa| ataH unhoMne sAdhya kI pavitratA ke sAtha-sAtha sAdhana kI pavitratA para bhI pUrA-pUrA jora diyaa| anekAntAtmaka vicAra, syAdvAdarUpa vANI, ahiMsAtmaka AcAra evaM aparigrahI jIvana-ye cAra mahAna siddhAnta tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI dhArmika sahiSNutA ke prabala pramANa haiN| __ sahiSNutA ke binA saha-astitva saMbhava nahIM hai; kyoMki saMsAra meM ananta prANI haiM aura unheM isa loka meM sAtha-sAtha hI rahanA hai| yadi hama saba ne eka-dUsare ke astitva ko cunautI diye binA rahanA nahIM sIkhA to hameM nirantara astitva ke saMgharSa meM juTe rahanA hogaa| saMgharSa azAnti kA kAraNa hai aura usameM hiMsA anivArya hai| hiMsA pratihiMsA ko janma detI hai| isaprakAra hiMsA-pratihiMsA kA kabhI samApta na hone vAlA cakra calatA rahatA hai| yadi hama zAnti se rahanA cAhate haiM to hameM dUsaroM ke astitva ke prati
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________________ (21) sahanazIla bananA hogaa| sahanazIlatA sahiSNutA kA hI paryAya hai| tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne pratyeka vastu kI pUrNa svataMtra sattA svIkAra kI hai aura yaha bhI spaSTa kiyA hai ki pratyeka vastu svayaM pariNamanazIla hai| usake pariNamana meM para-padArtha kA koI hastakSepa nahIM hai| yahAM taka ki paramapitA paramezvara (bhagavAn) bhI usakI sattA kA kartA-hartA nahIM hai| jana-jana kI hI nahIM, apitu kaNa-kaNa kI svataMtra sattA kI udghoSaNA tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI vANI meM huii| dUsaroM ke pariNamana yA kArya meM hastakSepa karane kI bhAvanA hI mithyA, niSphala aura duHkha kA kAraNa hai; kyoMki saba jIvoM kA jIvana-maraNa, sukha-duHkha svayaMkRta va svayaMkRta karma kA phala hai / eka ko dUsare ke duHkha-sukha, jIvana-maraNa kA kartA mAnanA ajJAna hai| so hI kahA hai - (vasantatilakA) sarvaM sadaiva niyataM bhavati svakIya karmodayAnmaraNajIvita duHkha saukhym| ajJAnametadiha yattuH paraH parasya, kuryAtpumAnmaraNa jIvita duHkha saukhym|| (harigIta) jIvana-maraNa ara dukkha-sukha saba prANiyoM ke sadA hii| apane karma ke udaya ke anusAra hI hoM niyama se / / kare koI kisI ke jIvana-maraNa ara dukkh-sukh| vividha bhUloM se bharI yaha mAnyatA ajJAna hai|| 1. AcArya amRtacandra : samayasAra kalaza, 168
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________________ (22) yadi eka prANI ko dUsare ke duHkha-sukha aura jIvana-maraNa kA kartA mAnA jAya to phira svayaMkRta zubhAzubha karma niSphala sAbita hoMge; kyoMki prazna yaha hai ki hama bure karma kareM aura koI dUsarA vyakti, cAhe vaha kitanA hI zaktizAlI kyoM na ho, kyA vaha hameM sukhI kara sakatA hai? isIprakAra hama acche kArya kareM aura koI vyakti, cAhe vaha Izvara hI kyoM na ho, kyA hamArA burA kara sakatA hai? yadi hA~, to phira acche kArya karanA aura bure kAryoM se DaranA vyartha hai; kyoMki unake phala ko bhoganA to Avazyaka hai nahIM? aura yadi yaha sahI hai ki hameM apane acche bure karmoM kA phala bhoganA hI par3egA to phira para ke hastakSepa kI kalpanA nirarthaka hai| isI bAta ko amitagati AcArya ne isaprakAra vyakta kiyA hai - (drutavilaMbita) svayaM kRtaH karma yadAtmanA purA, phalaM tadIyaM lbhte-shubhaashubhN| pareNa dattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM, svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthakaM tdaa|| nijArjitaM karma vihAya dehino, na kopi kasyApi ddaatikiNcn| vicArayannevamananya mAnasaH, paro dadAtIti vimucya shemussiiN||' (vIra) svayaM kiye jo kama zubhAzubha, phala nizcaya hI ve dete| kare Apa phala deya anya to, svayaM kiye niSphala hote|| apane karma sivAya jIva ko, koI na phala detA kucha bhii| 'para detA hai yaha vicAra taja,sthira ho chor3a pramAdI buddhi|| ataH siddha hai ki kisI bhI dravya meM para kA hastakSepa nahIM 1. bhAvanA dvAtriMzatikA ( sAmAyika pATha ), chaMda 30-31
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________________ (23) cltaa| hastakSepa kI bhAvanA hI AkramaNa ko protsAhita karatI hai / yadi hama apane mana se para meM hastakSepa karane kI bhAvanA nikAla deM to phira hamAre mAnasa meM sahaja hI anAkramaNa kA bhAva jAga jAyagA / AkramaNa pratyAkramaNa ko janma detA hai, yaha AkramaNapratyAkramaNa kI sthiti eka aise yuddha ko protsAhita kara sakatI hai jisase mAtra vizvazAnti hI khatare meM na par3a jAya, apitu vizvapralaya kI sthiti utpanna ho sakatI hai| ataH vizva-zAnti kI kAmanA karane vAloM ko tIrthaMkara mahAvIra dvArA batAye gaye ahastakSepa, anAkramaNa, aura saha-astitva ke mArga para calanA Avazyaka hai| isameM hI saba kA hita nihita hai| unhoMne vyakti-svAtaMtrya aura vicAroM kI svataMtratA para sarvatra jora diyA hai| ve apane pIche andhavizvAsiyoM kI bhIr3a ikaTThI kara popaDama kA pracAra nahIM karanA cAhate the| unhoMne to vicArakoM ko cintana kI naI dizA dI hai| unhoMne spaSTa kahA - "jo maiM kahatA hU~, use tarka kI kasauTI para kasakara aura anubhUti se AtmasAt karake hI svIkAra karo, anyathA yaha satya tumhArA na bana pAyegA | Agama-pramANarUpa cAbuka kI mAra se, tarkoM ke prabala prahAra se aura mere adbhuta vyaktitva ke prabhAva se jo maiMne kahA use yadi Upara se svIkAra bhI kara liyA to koI lAbha nahIM hogaa| vaha to eka naye andhavizvAsa aura popaDama ko hI janma degaa|" ___ svataMtratA ke sAtha-sAtha samAnatA kA siddhAnta bhI unhoMne pratipAdita kiyA / ekatA kA AdhAra samAnatA hI ho sakatI hai| unhoMne 'hama eka haiM' kA nArA na dekara 'hama saba ekase haiM' kA nArA diyaa| 'hama saba eka haiM' meM vyakti-svAtaMtrya kA abhAva ho jAtA hai,
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________________ (24) vahA~ 'hama saba ekase haiM' meM vyakti-svAtaMtrya ke sAtha hI samAnatA ke AdhAra para ekatA bhI sthApita hotI hai, jo ki vastusvabhAva aura mAnava-manovijJAna ke ati nikaTa hai| isaprakAra unakA upadeza sArvabhaumika aura vizva-zAnti kI ora le jAne vAlA hai| yadi Aja mahAvIra ke sarvodayI anekAntAtmaka vicAra, saba pakSoM ko apane meM samAhita kara lene vAlI syAdvAda vANI, ahiMsAyukta AcaraNa aura alpa-saMgraha se yukta jIvanavRtti hamAre sAmAjika jIvana kA AdhAra va aMga bana jAe to hamArI bahuta kucha samasyAe~ sahaja sulajha sakatI haiN| hama Atma-zAnti ke sAtha-sAtha vizva-zAnti kI dizA meM bhI sahaja hI agrasara ho sakate haiN| anta meM 72 varSa kI Ayu meM dIpAvalI ke dina isa yuga ke aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ne bhautika deha ko tyAga kara nirvANa prApta kiyaa| usI dina unake prathama ziSya indrabhUti gautama ko pUrNa jJAna kI prApti huii| jaina mAnyatAnusAra dIpAvalI mahAparva bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa evaM unake pramukha ziSya gautama ko pUrNa jJAna kI prApti ke upalakSya meM hI manAyA jAtA hai| isaprakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana nara se nArAyaNa banane evaM AtmA ke kramika pUrNa vikAsa kI kahAnI hai| ***