Suvarnabhumi me Kalakacharya

Author(s): Umakant P Shah
Publisher: Z_Vijay_Vallabh_suri_Smarak_Granth_012060.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/212213/1

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya DaoN. umAkAnta premAnanda zAha, em. e., pIes. DI. zrI. sacadAsa gaNi kSamAzramaNakRta vRhatkalpabhASya' (vibhAga 1, pR. 73-74) meM nimnalikhita mAthA hai: sAgariyamappAhaNa, suvanna suyasissa khNslkkhenn| kahaNA sissAgamaNaM, dhUlIpujovamANaM ca // 236 // isa gAthA kI TIkA meM zrImalayagiri (vi0 saM0 1200 aAsapAsa) ne kAlakAcArya ke suvarNabhUmi meM jAne kI hakIkata vistAra se batalAI hai jisakA sArAMza yahA~ diyA jAtA hai| ujjayinI nagarI meM sUtrArtha ke jJAtA Arya kAlaka nAma ke prAcArya bar3e parivAra ke sAtha vicarate the| inhIM zrArya kAlaka kA praziSya, sUtrArtha ko jAnanevAlA sAgara (saMjJaka) zramaNa savarNabhUmi meM vihAra ka thaa| Arya kAlaka ne socA, mere ye ziSya jaba anuyoga ko sunate nahA~ taba maiM kaise inake bIca meM sthira raha sakU~ ? isase to yaha acchA hogA ki maiM vahA~ aU~ jahA~ anuyoga kA pracAra kara sakU~, aura mere the ziSya bhI piche se lajjita ho kara soca samajha paaeNge| aisA khayAla kara ke unhoMne zayyAtara ko kahA : maiM kisI taraha (ajJAta raha kara) anyatra jaauuN| jaba mere ziSya loga mere gamana ko suneMge taba tuma se prA kreNge| mayara, tuma inako kahanA nahIM aura jaba jyAdA taMga kareM taba tiraskArapUrvaka basAnA ki (tuma logoM se nirveda pA kara) suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara (zramaNa) kI ora gaye haiN| aisA zayyAtara ko samajhAkara rAtri ko jaba saba soye hue the taba ve (vihAra kara ke) suvarNabhUmi ko gye| vahA~ A kara unhoMne svayaM 'kheta' matalaba ki vRddha (sAdhu) haiM aisA bola kara sAgara ke gAcha meM praveza paayaa| taba yaha vRddha (ati vRddha-matalaba ki aba jIrNa aura asamartha-nAkAmIyAba hote jAte) haiM aise khayAla se sAgara zrAcArya ne unakA abhyutthAna zrAdi se sammAna nahIM kiyaa| phira atya-paurucI (vyAkhyAna) ke samaya para (vyAkhyAna ke bAda) sAgara ne unase kahA : he vRddha ! Apako yaha (mavacana) pasaMda bAya? prAcArya kAsaka) bole ! sAyara bolA : adha avazya vyAkhyAna ko sunate rheN| aisA kaha kara gapacUrvaka sAgara sunAte rhe| adhasare ziSyaloga (ujjaina meM) prabhAta hone para prAcArya ko na dekhakara sammAna homarasana harate hue zayyAsara ko pUchane lage magara usane kucha batAyA nahIM aura bolA: jaba zrApa logoM ko svayaM prAcArya kahate nahIM saba mere ko kaise kahate? phira aba ziSyagaNa aAtura ho kara bahuta zrAgraha karane lagA taba zagyAlara tiraskArapUrvaka bolA : Apa logoM se nirveda pA kara suvarNabhUmma meM sAgara zramaNa ke pAsa cale gaye haiN| phira ve saba suvarNabhUmi meM jAne ke lie nikala pdd'e| rAste meM loga pUchate ki yaha kaunase prAcArya vijhara kara rahe haiM? taba ve batAte the: sArya kaalk| aba idhara suvarNabhUmi meM logoM ne batalAyA ki Arya kAlaka nAma ke bahuzruta zrAcArya bahU parivAra sahita yahA~ aAne ke khayAla se rAste meM haiN| isa bAta ko sunakara sAgara ne apane ziSyoM ko kahA mere Arya A rahe haiN| maiM inase padArthoM ke viSaya meM pranyA kruuNgaa| __ thor3e hI samaya ke bAda ve siSya shraadye| ve pUchane lage : kyA yahA~ para prAcArya padhAre haiM ? uttara 1. muni zrIpuNyaSijayajI-saMpAdita, "niyukti-lavubhASya-vRttyupetaM-vRharakalpasUtram" vibhAga 1 se 6, prakAzaka. zrI jaina AtmAnanda sabhA. bhAvanagara.

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12 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha milA : nahIM magara dUsare vRddha Aye haiN| pRcchA huI : kaise haiM ? (phira vRddha ko dekha kara) yahI prAcArya haiM aisA kaha kara unako vandana kiyaa| taba sAgara bar3e lajjita hue aura socane lage ki maiMne bahuta pralApa kiyA aura kSamAzramaNajI (Arya kAlaka) se merI vandanA bhI krvaaii| isa lie "ApakA maiMne anAdara kiyA" aisA kaha kara aparAhnavelA ke samaya " mithyA duSkRtaM me" aise nivedanapUrvaka kSamAyAcanA kii| phira vaha prAcArya ko pUchane lagA : he kSamAzramaNa ! maiM kaisA vyAkhyAna karatA hU~? prAcArya bole : sundara, kintu garva mata kro| phira unhoMne dhUli-puJja kA dRSTAnta diyaa| hAtha meM dhUli lekara eka sthAna para rakha kara phira uThA kara dUsare sthAna para rakha diyA, phira uThA kara tIsare sthAna pr| aura phira bole ki jisa taraha yaha dhUlipuJja eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna rakkhA jAtA huA kucha padArthoM (aMza) ko chor3atA jAtA hai, isI taraha tIrthaGkaroM se gaNadharoM aura gaNadharoM se hamAre prAcArya taka, prAcArya-upAdhyAyoM kI paramparA meM Aye hue zruta meM se kauna jAna sakatA hai ki kitane aMza bIca meM galita ho gaye? isa lie tuma (sarvajJatA kA--zrata ke pUrNa vijJAtA hone kA) garva mata kro| phira jinase sAgara ne "mithyA duSkRta" pAyA hai aura jinhoMne sAgara se vinaya abhivAdana ityAdi pAyA hai aise Arya kAlaka ne ziSya-praziSyoM ko anuyogajJAna diyaa| malayagirijI kA diyA huaA yaha vRttAnta nirAdhAra nahIM hai| pahale to unake sAmane paramparA hai; aura dUsarA yaha sArA vRttAnta malayagirijI ne prAcIna bRhatkalpa-cUrNi se prAyaH zabdazaH uddhata kiyA hai| sUtra ke bAda niyukti, tadanantara bhASya aura tadanantara cUrNi kI racanA huii| phira eka aura mahattvapUrNa aAdhAra uttarAdhyayana-niyukti kA bhI hai jisa meM suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara ke pAsa kAlakacArya ke jAne kA ullekha hai-"ujjeNi kAlakhamaNA sAgarakhamaNA suvarNabhUmIe" (uttarAdhyayana-niyukti, gAthA 120). uttarAdhyayana-cUrNi meM yahI vRttAnta milatA hai| khuda bRhatkalpa-bhASya meM kAlaka-sAgara aura kAlaka-gardabhilla kA nirdeza to hai kintu upalabdha grantha meM niyukti aura bhASya gAthAoM ke mila jAne se isa bAta kA nizcaya nahIM kiyA jAtA uparyukta gAthA niyukti-gAthA hai yA bhaassy-gaathaa| agara niyukti-gAthA hai taba to yaha vRttAnta kucha jyAdA prAcIna hai| uttarAdhyayana niyukti kI sAkSI bhI yahI sUcana karatI hai| yaha eka mahattvapUrNa ullekha hai jisa kI ora ucita dhyAna nahIM diyA gyaa| pahile to bhArata kI sImA se bAhira, anya dezoM meM jaina dharma ke pracAra kA prAcIna vizvasanIya yaha pahalA nirdeza hai| bRhatkalpabhASya IsA kI 6 vIM sadI se arvAcIna nahIM hai yaha sarvamAnya hai| aura dUsarA yaha ki agara yaha vRttAnta unhI Arya kAlaka kA hai jinakA gardabhilloM aura kAlaka vAlI kathA se sambandha hai taba suvarNabhUmi meM jaina dharma ke pracAra kI tavArikha hameM milatI hai| kAlaka aura gardabhilloM kI kathA kama se kama cUrNi-granthoM se prAcIna to hai hI, kyoM ki dazAcUrNi aura nizItha-cUrNi meM aise nirdeza hameM milate haiN| aura isI bRhatkalpabhASya meM bhI nimnalikhita gAthA hai jisakA hameM khayAla karanA cAhiye 2. uttarAdhyayana-cUrNi (ratalAma se prakAzita), pR0 83-84, 3. kAlakAcArya kathA (prakAzaka, zrI. sArAbhAI navAba, ahamadAbAda) pR0 1-2 meM nizIthacUrNi, dazama uddeza se uddhRta prasaMga. dazAcUrNi, vyavahAra-cUrNi aura bRhatkalpacUrNi meM se kAlaka-viSayaka avataraNoM ke lie dekho, vahI, pR. 4-5. vahI, pR. 36-38 meM bhadrezvarakRta kahAvalI meM se kAlaka-viSayaka ullekhoM ke avataraNa hai| kahAvalI vi0 saM0800-850 kI racanA hai| isa viSaya meM dekho, zrI umAkAnta zAha kA lekha, jaina satya-prakAza, (ahamadAbAda) varSa 17, aMka 4, jAnyupArI 1952, pR0 86 se Age.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya vijsA orassabalI, teyasaladdhI sahAyaladdhI vA / uppAdeuM sAsati, atipaMtaM kAlakajjo vA / / 5563 // bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 5, pR. 1480 uparyukta bhASya-gAthA kAlakAcArya ne vidyA-jJAna se gardabhilla kA nAza karavAyA isa bAta kI sUcaka hai aura TIkA se yaha spaSTa hotA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya-gAthA I0 sa0 500 se I0 sa0 600 ke bIca meM racI huI mAlUma hotI hai| aura jaina paramparA ke anusAra kAlaka aura gardabha kA prasaMga I0 pU0 sa0 74-60 AsapAsa huaA mAnA jAtA hai| aba dekhanA yaha hai ki sAgarazramaNa ke dAdAguru Arya kAlaka aura gardabhilla-vinAzaka Arya kAlaka eka haiM yA bhinna / bRhatkalpabhASyakAra ina donoM vRttAntoM kI sUcaka gAthAtroM meM do alaga alaga kAlaka hone kA koI nirdeza nahIM dete| agara donoM vRttAnta bhinna bhinna kAlakaparaka hote to aise samartha prAcIna granthakAra jurUra isa bAta ko btlaate| TIkAkAra yA cUrNikAra bhI aisA kucha batalAte nhiiN| aura na aisA nizIthacUrNikAra yA kisI anya cUrNikAra yA bhASyakAra batalAte haiN| kyoM ki inako to sandeha utpanna hI na huA ki sAgara ke dAdAguru kAlaka gardabhavinAzaka Arya kAlaka se bhinna haiM jaisA ki hamAre samakAlIna paNDitoM kA anumAna hai| bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi meM milatI kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmi-gamana vAlI kathA meM kAlaka ke 'anuyoga' ko ujjainavAle ziSya sunate nahIM the aisA kathana hai / Akhira meM suvarNabhUmi meM bhI kAlaka ne ziSya-praziSyoM ko anuyoga kA kathana kiyA aisA bhI isa vRttAnta meM batAyA gayA hai| yahAM kAlaka ke race hue anuyoga-granthoM kA nirdeza hai| 'anuyoga' zabda se sirpha 'vyAkhyAna' yA 'upadeza' artha lenA ThIka nhiiN| vyAkhyAna karanA yA upadeza denA to hareka guru kA kartavya hai aura vaha ve karate haiM aura ziSya una vyAkhyAnoM ko sunate bhI haiN| yahA~ kyoM ki kAlaka kI naI grantharacanA thI isI lie purAne khayAlavAle ziSyoM meM kucha azraddhA thii| cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra ne ThIka samajha kara anuyoga zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| hama aAge dekheMge ki kAlaka ne lokAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyoga kI racanA kI thI aisA paJcakalpabhASya kA kathana hai| isI paJcakalpabhASya kA spaSTa kathana hai ki zranuyogakAra kAlaka ne zrAjIvikoM se nimittajJAna prApta kiyA thaa| isa taraha suvarNabhUmi jAne vAle kAlaka paJcakalpanirdiSTa anuyogakAra kAlaka hI haiM aura ve nimittajJAnI bhI the| gardabha-vinAzaka kAlaka bhI nimittajJAnI the aisA nizIthacUrNigata vRttAnta se spaSTatayA phalita hotA hai| 6 isa taraha nimittajJAnI anuyogakAra Arya kAlaka aura nimittAnI gardabha-vinAzaka Arya kAlaka bhinna nahIM kintu ekahI vyakti honA cAhiye kyoM ki donoM vRttAntoM ke nAyaka Arya kAlaka nAmaka vyakti haiM aura nimittajJAnI haiN| pahale hama kaha cuke haiM ki prAcIna granthakAroM ne do 4. vizeSa carcA ke lie dekho munizrI puNyavijayajI likhita prastAvanA, bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 6, pR0 20-23. 5. dekho-" tAhe ajjakAlayA ciMteMti-ee mama sIsA aNuogaM na suNaMti xxx xx|" aura, " tAhe micchA dukkaDaM karittA pADhattA ajjakAliyA sIsapasasiANa aNuyogaM kaheuM |"--bRhtklpsuutr, vibhAga 1, pR073-74. 6. dekho, nizIthacUrNi, dazama uddeza meM kAlaka-vRttAnta-"tattha ego sAhitti rAyA bhaNNatti / taM samalINo NimittAdiehiM aautti"|-nvaab prakAzita, kAlikAcArya kathA, saMdarbha 1, pR0 1.

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AcArya vijayakramAsUri smAraka graMtha alaga alaga Arya kAlaka hone kA koI IzArA mI nahIM diyaa| yahI kAlaka jo zaka kula pArasakula taka gaye vahI kAlaka suvarNabhUmi taka bhI jA sakate haiN| kAlakAcArya kA yaha viziSTa vyaktitva thaa| hama Age dekheMge ki isa kAlaka kA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva kI pahalI yA dUsarI zatAbdI thaa| usa samaya meM bhArata ke suvarNabhUmi aura dakSiNa-cIna ityAdi dezoM se sambandha ke thoDe ullekha milate haiM magara kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamana vAle vRttAnta kI mahattA aAja taka vidvAnoM ke sAmane nahIM peza huii| grIka lekhaka TaoNlemI aura periplasa oNpha dha irithrIzrana sI ke ullekha se, jaina grantha ksudeva-hiNDi meM cArudatta ke suvarNabhUmigamana ke ullekha se, aura mahAniddesa ityAdi ke ullekha se yaha bAta nizcita ho cUkI hai ki IsA kI pahilI dUsarI zatAbdiyoM meM bhArata kA pUrva ke pradezoM (jaise ki dakSiNa-cIna, siyAma, hindI-cIna, barmA, kamboDiyA, malAyA, jAyA, sumAtrA zrAdi pradezoM) se ghaniSTha vyApArI sambandha thaa| cArudatta kI kathA kA mUla hai guNAtya kI prApya bRhatkathA jisakA samaya yahI mAnA jAtA hai| bahuta sambhAvita hai ki isase pahile-arthAt I0 sa0 pUrva kI pahilI dUsarI zatAbdI meM bhI bhArata kA suvarNabhUmi se sambandha zurU ho cUkA thaa| baeNkTriyA meM I0 sa0 pUrva 126 aAsapAsa pahuMce huve cInI rAjadUta cAMga kIyena (Chang Kien) kI gavAhI milI hai ki dakSiNa-pazcima cIna kI banI huI bAMsa aura rUI kI cIjeM hindI sArthavAhoM ne sAre uttarI bhArata aura aphaghAnistAna ke rAste se le jA kara baikTriyA meM becI thii| kAlakAcArya aura sAgarabhamaNa ke suvarNabhUmi-gamana kA vRttAnta hamAre rASTrIya itihAsa meM aura jainadharma ke itihAsa meM eka mahattvapUrNa sAhityika nirdeza hai| sumAtrA ke naz2adIka meM vaMkA nAmaka khAr3I hai| DaoN0 motIcandrajI ne batAyA hai ki mahAniddesa meM ullikhita vaMkam yA baMkam yahI vaMkA khAr3I kA pradeza hai| hameM eka atIya sUcaka nirdeza milatA hai jisakA mahattva bahatkalpabhASya ke uparyukta ullekha ke sahAre se bar3ha jAtA hai| saba ko mAlUma hai ki zrArya kAlaka nimitta aura mantravidyA ke jJAtA the| zrAjIvikoM se inhoM ne nimittazAstra-jyotiSa kA jJAna pAyA thA aise paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi ke ullekha hama Age dekheNge| khAsa taura para dIkSA-pravrajyA dene ke muhUrta viSaya meM inhoMne AjIvikoM se zikSA pAI thii| aba hama dekhate haiM ki varAhamihira ke bRhajjAtaka ke TIkAkAra utpalabhaTTa (I0 sa0 6 vIM zatAbdI) ne eka jagaha TIkA meM bAlakAcArya ke pravrajyA-viSayaka prAkRtabhASA ke vidhAna kA sahArA diyA hai aura mUla gAthAyeM bhI apanI TIkA meM avatArita kI hai| vaha vidhAna nimnalikhita zabdoM meM hai: "ete vakAlakamatAd vyAkhyAtAH / tathA ca vakAlakAcArya: tAvasio diNaNAhe cande kAvAlizro tahA bhnnishro| rattavaDo bhumisuye somasuve eadNddiishraa|| devagurusukkakoNe kameNa ji-crshr-khmnnaaii| asyArthaH tAvasiyo tApasikaH diNaNAhe dinanAthe sUrye cande candre kAvAlio kApAlikaH tahA bhaNiyo tathA bhnnitH| rattavaDo rktpttH| bhumisuve bhUmisute somasuve somasute budhe eadaMDIzrA ekdnnddii|...kmenn 7. DaoN. pI0 sI0 bAgacI, inDiyA anDa cAinA (dvitIya saMskaraNa, bambaI, 1950), pR05-6, 1617, 16-27. 8. kalpanA, pharavarI, 1652, pR0 118. 6. mahAmahopAdhyAya pAM. vA. kANe, varAhamihira enDa utpala, jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe mAnya oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTi, 1948-46, pR. 27 se aage|..

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya kramela jaI yatiH caraNa carakaH khavamAI ksspnnkH| atra vRddhazrAkkagrahaNaM mAhezvarAzritAnAM prvrjyaanaamuplkssnnaarth| zrAjIvikAhaNaM ca naaraaynnaashritaanaam| tathA ca bakAsake saMhitAntare paThyate jalaNa-hara-sugama kesava sUI bahmaraNa Nagga maggesu / dikkhANaM gAanvA sUrAigagahA kameNa nnaahgaa|| balaNa jvalanaH sAnika ityrthH| hara IzvarabhaktaH bhaTTArakaH sugama sugata bauddha ityrthH| kesava kesavabhakta bhAgavata ityarthaH / sUI zrutimArgagataH mImAMsakaH / brahmaNNa brahmabhaktaH vaanprsthH| emga nama-kSapaNakaHxxxx'' varAhamihira ne apane bRhajjAtaka, 15.1 meM pravrajyA ke viSaya meM jo vidhAna diyA hai vaha utpala bhaTTa ke kathana ke anusAra bAlaka ke matAnusAra varAhamihira ne diyA hai| usI bAta ke spaSTIkaraNa meM utpalabhaTTa vaDAlaka kI prAkRta gAthAyeM uddhRta karate haiN| yahA~ vaMkAlakAcArya (vaGkAlakAcArya) aisA pATha hone se isa prAkRtavidhAna (gAthAyeM) ke kartA ke jaina Arya kAlaka hone ke bAre meM vidvAnoM meM saMdeha rahA hai| mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI pAM0 vA0 kANe ne yaha anumAna kiyA hai ki vaMkAlakAcArya kA kAlakAcArya honA sambhakti hai|" hama dekhate haiM ki kAlakAcArya aura inake praziSya suvarNabhUmi gaye the| suvarNabhUmi se yahA~ vastutaH kisa pUrvI pradeza kA ullekha hai yaha to pUrA nizcita nahIM hai kintu, vidvAnoM kA khayAla hai ki dakSiNa barmA se lekara malAyA aura sumAtrA ke anta taka kA pradeza suvarNabhUmi bolA jAtA thA (dekho, DaoN0 motIcandra kRta, sArthavAha, nakazA) jisameM "vaMkam" yA vaMkA kI khAr3I bhI A jAtI hai| pAlemabeMga ke isTuarI kesAmane vaMkA dvIpa hai| vaMkA kA jalaDamarUmadhya malAyA aura jAvA ke bIca kA sAdhAraNapatha hai| DaoN. motIcandrajI likhate haiM : baMkA kI rA~ge kI khadAneM mazahUra thiiN| saMskRta meM ba~ga ke mAne rA~gA hotA hai aura sambhava hai ki isa dhAtu kA nAma usake udgamasthAna para se par3A ho| 2 / utpala-TIkA kI hastapratoM kA pATha-'vakAlakAcArya' aura 'vakAlaka-saMhitA' una zrAcArya kA sUcaka ho sakatA hai jo suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the aura jinake praziSya sAgarazramaNa saparivAra suvarNabhUmi meM (isa meM "vakA" zrA jAtA hai) rahate the| sambhava hai yehI AcArya kAlaka ke alAvA "vakAlaka" yA "vakA-kAlaka" nAma se bhI pichAne jAte hoN| yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki zuddha pATha kAlakAcArya aura kAlaka-saMhitA ho kintu kAlaka ke vaGkA-gamana kI smRti meM pATha meM azuddhi ho gaI ho| utpalabhaTTa kA kahanA hai ki varAhamihira ne pravrajyA ke viSaya meM (bRhajjAtaka, 15, 1) vaGkAlakAcArya (kAlakAcArya) ke mata kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi gavAhI dete haiM ki kAlakAcArya ne usI pravrajyA ke viSaya kA zrAjIvakoM se savizeSa adhyayana kiyA thaa| ataH utpala-TIkA ke vakAlakAcArya kAlakAcArya haiM aisA mAnanA samucita hai| IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdi aAsapAsa racI huI paJcakalpa-cUrNi meM likhA hai--13 logANuoge, ajakAlagA sakeMtavAsiNA bhaNiyA ettiy| so na nAno muhutto jattha 10. bRhajjAtaka (veGkaTeza presa, bambaI, saM. 1980) utpalakRta TIkA saha, pR0 156 11. dekho, mahA. pAM. vA. kANe, varAhamihira enDa utpala, jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe grAnca oNpha dha Ara0 e. esa0 1948-46 pR0 27 se Age. 12. DaoN. motIcandra, sArthavAha, pR0 130-131, 134, 13. zrI AtmArAmajI jaina zAnamaMdira, baDaudA, pravartaka zrI kAntivijayajI zAstrasaGgraha, hastalikhita prati naM0 1284, patra 26 se uddhRta.

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AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha pavvAvizro thiro hojjaa| teNa nibveeNaM bhAjIvagapAse nimittaM paDhiyaM / pacchA paihANe tthio| sAyavAhaNeNa rannA tinni pucchAno mAmagA sayasahasseNa-egA pasuliMDiyA ko vlei| biiyA samudde kettiyaM udayaM / pratyayAtphalaM pucchai-mahurA kiccireNaM paDai na vaa| paDhamAe kaDagaM lakkhamullaM / biiya-taiyAe kuNddlaaiN| AyarieNa bhaNiyaM-"alAhi mama eenn|" kiM puNa nimittassa uvayAro es| zrAjIvagA uvahiyA---amha esa gurudkkhinnaae| pacchA teNa sutte Nahe gaMDiyANuyogA kayA / pADaliputte saMghamajjhe bhaNaI-mae kiMci kayaM taM nisAmeha / tattha pyddiyN| saMgahaNIo vi Na kappahiyANaM appadhANANaM uvaggahakarANi bhvNti| paDhamANuyogamAI vi teNa kyaa| uparyukta cUrNi kA sArAMza yaha hai ki, apane medhAvI ziSya pravrajyA meM sthira na rahane se, unake sahAdhyAyI ne jaba Arya kAlaka ko yaha mArmika bacana sunAyA ki Apane aisA muhUrta nikAlanA nahIM sIkhA jisameM pravAjita ziSya pravrajyA meM sthira rahe taba kAlakAcArya zrAjIvikoM ke pAsa gaye aura unase nimittazAstra pddhaa| piche pratiSThAnapura gaye jahA~ sAtavAhana rAjA ne unako tIna prazna pUche aura hareka prazna kA ThIka uttara hone para eka eka lakSa (suvarNamUlya) dene ko khaa| pahale prazna kA uttara milane se lakSamUlya apanA kaTaka diyaa| dUsare aura tisare prazna ke uttara milane para apanA eka eka kuMDala diyaa| sAtavAhana ko pahale do prazna ke uttara milane se jo pratIti huI isase usane tIsarA prazna yaha kiyA ki mathurA kaba (kitane samaya ke bAda) par3egI aura par3egI yA nahIM ? yaha tIsare praznavAlI hakIkata savizeSa mahattva kI hai jisake bAre meM Age vicAra hogaa| kaTaka aura kuMDala ko dekha kara kAlakAcArya ne kahA ki unako ina cIjoM kI jarUrata nahIM (unako to agrAhya thiiN)| itane meM (kAlakAcArya ko nimittajJAna denevAle) AjIvika A pahu~ce aura alaGkAroM ko dekhakara bole-(hameM gurudakSiNA abhI taka milI nahIM) yahI hamArI gurudakSiNA (hogii)| piche kAlakAcArya ne gaNDikAnuyoga kI racanA kI aura pATaliputra meM saGgha ke samakSa nivedana kiyA : maiMne kucha racanAyeM kI haiM, Apa inako suniye| sunakara saGghane isa racanA ko mAnya kiyaa| kAlakAcArya ne alpadhAraNAzaktivAle bAlakoM (bAlakatulyoM) ke lie saMgrahaNIyA~ (saMgrahaNI-gAthAya) banAI ve upakAraka huI! unhoMne prathamAnuyAga bhI bnaayaa| paJcakalpacarNikA kAlakaparaka vRttAnta kala vistArapUrvaka paJcakalpabhASya meM pAyA jAtA hai| vastuta saGghadAsa gaNikRta paJcakalpabhASya paJcakalpacUrNi se prAcIna hai aura I0 sa0 kI 6 vIM sadI meM banA huA hai| paJcakalpabhASya kI prastuta gAthAyeM nimnalikhita haiM mehAvIsIsammI, zrohAtie kAlagaja therANaM / sajhatieNa aha so, khiMsaMteNaM imaM bhaNio // atibahutaM te'dhItaM, Na ya NAto tAriso muhutto u| jattha thiro hoi seho, nikkhaMto aho! hu boddhavvaM / / to eva sa aomatthaM, bhaNio aha gaMtu so patidvANaM / zrAjIvisagAsammI, sikkhati tAhe nimittaM tu // aha tammi ahIyammI, vaDahe? nivihaka'nnayakayAti / sAlAhaNo NariMdo, pucchatimA tiriNa pucchaashro|| pasuliM Di paDhamayAe, bitiya samudde va kettiyaM udayaM / tatiyAe pucchAe, mahurA ya paDejja va vatti / /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya paDhamAe va se kaDagaM, dei maI sayasahassamullaM tu / bitiyAe kuMDalaM tU, tatiyAe vi kuMDalaM bitiyaM // AjIvitA uvahita, gurudakkhiNNaM tu eya amhaM ti| tehiM tayaM tu gahitaM, iyarocitakAlakajja tu // Nahammi u suttammI, atthammi aNaDhe tAhe so kuNai / logaNujogaM ca tahA, paDhamaNujogaM ca do'vee| bahuhA Nimitta tahiyaM, paDhamaNuproge ya hoti criyaaii| jiNa-cakki-dasArANaM, puvvabhavAI NibaddhAI / te kAUNaM to so, pADaliputte uvaThito saMghaM / bei kataM me kiMcI, aNuggahahAe taM suNaha // to saMgheNa NisaMtaM, soUNa ya se paDijchitaM taM tu / to taM patihitaM tU, NagarammI kusumaNAmammi / / emAdINaM karaNaM, gahaNA NijjUhaNA pakappo u| saMgahaNINa ya karaNaM, appAhArANa upakappo / ' pahale paJcakalpacUrNi kA batAyA huaA vRttAnta yahA~ para hai, aura yaha bhASyagata vRttAnta hI cUrNi kA mUla hai| bhASyagAthA meM spaSTIkaraNa hai ki nimitta sikhane ke lie kAlakAcArya pratiSTAna-nagara ko gaye aura vahA~ unhoMne AjIvikoM se nimitta pddh'aa| par3hane ke bAda kisI samaya ve vaTa-vRkSa ke nIce sthita the jahA~ 'sAlAhaNanarinda' jA pahu~cA aura kAlaka se tIna prazna puuche| prazna aura gurudakSiNA vAlI bAta donoM granthoM meM samAna hai kintu bhASya meM Age kI bAteM kucha vistAra se haiN| bhASyakAra kahate haiM ki isa prasaGga ke bAda kAlakAcArya apane ucitakArya meM-dharmakArya meM dharmAcaraNa meN-lge| sUtra naSTa hone se aura artha anaSTa hone se (matalaba ki sUtra durlabha ho gaye the kintu pratipAdya viSaya kA arthajJAna zeSa thA / ) inhoMne lokAnuyoga aura prathamAnuyoga ina donoM zAstroM kI racanA kii| le.kAnuyoga meM nimittajJAna thA, aura prathamAnuyoga meM jina, cakravartI, dazAra ityAdi ke caritra the| isa racanA ke bAda ve pATaliputra meM saGgha ke samakSa upasthita hue aura apanI grantharacanA sunane kI vijJapti kii| granthoM ko sunakara inako saGgha ne pramANita kiye-mAnya rkkhe| ve zAstragrantha mAne gye| ina saba kA karanA, niyUhana karanA ityAdi ko jaina paribhASA meM 'prakalpa' kahate haiN| aura sagrahaNI ityAdi kI racanA bhI prakalpa bolI jAtI hai| isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki Arya kAlaka nimittazAstra ke bar3e paNDita the aura pravrajyA ke viSaya meM (nimittazAstra kA) inhoMne AjIvikoM se savizeSa adhyayana kiyA thaa| ve ur3e granthakartA the jinhone prathamAnuyoga, lokAnuyoga ityAdi kI racanA kii| isa lokAnuyoga meM nimitazAstra atA hai| ataH kyoM ki pravrajyA ke viSaya meM hI varAhamihira vakAlaka ke mata kA anusaraNa karate haiM aura usI viSaya kI unakI racI huI gAthAyeM utpalabhaTTa ne uddhRta kI haiN| hameM vizvAsa hotA hai ki 'bAlaka' se Arya kAlaka hI uddiSTa haiN| hameM yaha bhI khayAla rakhanA cAhiye ki utpalabhaTTa ne avatArita kI huI gAthAyeM usI prAkRta meM haiM jisameM jainazAstra race gaye haiN| isa carcA se yaha phalita hotA hai ki Arya kAlaka, anuyoga-kAra kAlaka, nimittavettA kAlaka 14. paJcakalpabhASya, munizrI iMsavijayajI zAstrasaMgraha (zrI AtmArAmajI jaina zAnamandira, baDodA), hastalikhita prati naM0 1673, patra 50.

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zrAcArya vijayaballabhasUri smAraka graMtha aitihAsika vyakti the, unakI racanAyeM varAhamihira ne dekhI thIM aura I0 sa0 kI 6 vIM zatAbdI meM utpalabhaTTa ke sAmane bhI kAlaka kI racanAyeM yA inakA aMza maujUda thaa| 68 yaha kAlaka varAhamihira ke vRddhasamakAlIna yA pUrvavata hoNge| anuyoga ke cAra vibhAga karane vAle ArakSita 15 se prArya kAlaka pUrvavartI hone cAhiye / zrArya rakSita kA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI ke anta meM mAnA jAtA hai| ataH kAlakAcArya varAhamihira ke pUrvavartI haiN| varAhamihira kA samaya zaka saMvat 427 yA I0 sa0 505 AsapAsa mAnA gayA hai|' isa samaya ke AsapAsa kAlaka zakoM ko bhArata meM lAye aisA ho nahIM sakatA, kyoMki IsA kI pahalI sadI meM bhArata meM zaka jurUra base hue the aura jagaha jagaha para unakA zAsana bhI thaa| ataH zrArya kAlaka varAhamihira ke pUrvavartI hI the hama dekha cUke haiM ki anuyogakAra nimittajJa kAlaka aura gardabhilla - vinAzaka nimittajJa kAlaka eka hI haiM aura vahI suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the / DaoN0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra likhate haiM: "An Annamite text gives some particulars of an Indian named Khauda-la. He was born in a Brahmana family of Western India and was well-versed in magical art. He went to Tonkin by sea, probably about the same time as Jivaka.... ...He lived in caves or under trees, and was also known as Ca-la-cha-la (Kalacharya-black preceptor ? )MIT isakA matalaba yaha hai ki anAma campA ke kisI grantha meM likhA hai ki pazcimI bhArata kI brAhmaNajAti kA koI khaUda-la nAmaka vyakti yahA~ gayA thA aura vahA~se dariyAI rAste Tonvina (dakSiNa cIna) gaya thaa| yaha vyakti jAdU - guhyavidyA - mantravidyA meM nipuNa thaa| per3oM ki chA~ya meM yA to guphAtroM meM vaha puruSa nivAsa karatA thA aura usako kAlAcArya kahate the| DaoN0 majumadAra kA kahanA hai ki yaha kAlAcArya zAyada usI samaya meM anAma aura Tonkina gaye jisa samaya bauddha sAdhu jIvaka gayA thaa| jIvaka yA mArajIyaka I0 sa0 290 AsapAsa Tonkina meM thaa| isI nAma kI paramparA ke viSaya meM DaoN0 pI0 sI0 bAgacI se vizeSa pRcchA karane se inhoMne mujhe likhA hai- "Khaudala is not mentioned in any of the authentic Chinese sources which speak of the other three Buddhist monks Marajivaka, SanghaVarman and Kalyanaruci who were in Tonkin during the 3rd century A.D. But he is referred to for the first time (loc. cit. P. 217 ) in an Annamese bookCho Chau Phap Van Phat Bah hanh ngi lue of the 14th century. The text says "Towards the end of the reign of Ling Han (168-188 A.D.) Jivaka was travelling. Khau-da-la (Kiu-to-lo = Ksudra ) arrived about 15. deviMda vaMdiehiM mahANubhAvehiM rakkhia ajjehiM / 3 jugamAsanna vidvato aNubhogo tA ko caudA / / -Avazyaka niryukti, gAthA 774 varAhamihira kA samaya zaka saM0 227 yA I0 sa0 405 AsapAsa hai aisA eka mata ke lie dekho, indiana kalcara vaoNlyuma 6 0 111-204. 17. eja oNpha impIriala yuniTi 40 650 iTAliksa mere haiM. 18. vahI, pR0 650. aura dekhiye, Le Bouddhisme Francaise d'Extreme-Orient, Vol. XXXII. 16. en Annam, Bulletin d'ecole

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya the same time from Western India. He had another name Ca-la-cha-lo (Kia-lo-cho-lo= Kalacarya)." DaoN. bAgacI Age apane patra meM likhate haiM ki 'kyoM ki mArajIvaka cInI AdhAra se I0 sa0 260 aura I0 sa0 306 ke bIca meM vahA~ daurA lagAtA thA isa lie anAma ke isa grantha meM pAyI jAtI hakIkata ThIka nahIM lgtii| yaha ThIka hai ki jIvaka kA samaya I0 sa0260 se 306 mAnanA cAhiye na ki I0 sa0 168188 jo anAma ke grantha kA kahanA hai| kintu I0 sa0 14 vIM zatAbdI meM bane hue isa grantha ke kartA ko pUrI hakIkata vAstavika rUpa meM milanI muzkila hai| phira bhI jisa taraha jIvaka ke anAma aura Tonkina meM jAne kI bAta vizvasanIya hai isI taraha kAlAcArya ke anAma jAne kI hakIkata sambhavita ho sakatI hai| kyA yaha anAma kI paramparA meM inhIM kAlakAcArya kI smRti to nahIM jo vidyA-mantra-nimitta ke jJAtA the, jo suvarNabhUmi meM vicare the, jinakA guphAoM meM aura per3oM ke nIce rahanA mAnanA yuktisaGgata hai aura jo pazcimI bhArata ke rahanevAle the ? ve janma se brAhmaNa ho sakate haiM, kaI suprasiddha jainAcArya janma se brAhmaNa the| jaina sAdhu guphAoM meM bhI rahate the| aura per3oM ke nIce rahane vAlI hakIkata kAlakAcArya ke bAre meM saccI hai| uparyukta paJcakalpabhASya meM spaSTa likhA hai ki sAtavAhana narendra kAlakAcArya ko mile taba Arya kAlaka vaTavRkSa ke nIce niviSTa the| kAlakAcArya per3o ke nIce rahate the| anAma ke grantha kA yaha kahanA kAlAcAye guphAoM meM aura per3oM ke nIce rahate the vaha isa vastu kA dyotaka hai ki ve puruSa gRhasthI nahIM kintu sAdhu-jIvana gujArane vAle the| aura jaba hameM prAcIna jainagranthoM (uttarAdhyayana niyukti, bRhatkalpabhASya ityAdi) kI sAkSI milatI hai ki kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the taba anAma-paramparA ke kAlAcArya vAlI hakIkata meM isI kAlakAcArya ke suvarNabhUmi-gamana kI smRti mAnanA ucita hogaa| kAlAcArya yA kAlakAcArya ke suvarNabhUmigamana kA kAraNa bhI diyA gayA hai| kAlaka kI grantharacanAyeM jinako pATaliputra ke saGgha ne bhI pramANita kI thIM unheM khuda unake ziSya bhI (ujjaina meM) nahIM sunate the| Arya kAlaka isI se nirviNNa ho kara dezAntara gye| suvarNabhUmi meM jahA~ unake medhAvI zrutajJAnI praziSya sAgarazramaNa the vahA~ jAnA Arya kAlaka ne ucita maanaa| anAma kI paramparA kA jo nirdeza hai ki kAlAcArya pazcimI bhArata ke brAhmaNa the usako bhI socanA caahie| kAlaka-kathAnakoM se yaha to spaSTa hai ki inakA jyAdA sambandha ujjaina, bharUca (bharukaccha) aura pratiSThAnapura se rhaa| ataH Arya kAlaka pazcimI bhArata ke ho sakate haiM, aura pUrva meM anAma paramparA unako pazcimI bhArata ke mAna le yaha svAbhAvika hai| kAlAcArya-kAlakAcArya ke janma se brAhmaNa hone ke viSaya meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki yaha bAta asambhava nahIM, kaI prabhAvika jaina prAcArya pahale zrotriya brAhmaNa paNDita the| aura Arya kAlaka ke viSaya meM eka kathAnaka bhI hai jisase vaha brAhmaNajAtIya the aisA mAna sakate haiN| AvazyakacUrNi aura kahAvalI (I0 sa0 1200 ke pahile racA huaA, zAyada I0 sa0 6 vIM zatAbdi meM racita) meM eka kathAnaka hai jisa meM batAyA gayA hai ki kAlaka turumiNI nagarI meM bhadrA nAmaka brAhmaNI ke sahodara the| bhadrA ke putra datta ne usa nagarI ke rAjA ko padabhraSTa karake rAjya le liyA aura usane bahuta yajJa kiye| isa datta ke sAmane kAlakAcArya ne yajJoM ki nindA kI aura yajJa kA bUrA phala khaa| isa se datta ne prAcArya ko kaida kiyaa| prAcArya ke bhaviSyakathana ke anusAra rAjA datta bUre hAla mraa| 19a yajJaphala aura datta ke bhaviSya 16. DA. bAgacIjI dvArA dI gaI prastuta sUcanA ke lie maiM unakA RNI huuN| 16a. dekho, kAlakAcArya-kathA (zrI. navAba prakAzita) pR0 40 Avazyaka-cUrNi, bhAga 1, pR. 465-466 meM bhadrA ko "dhigjAtiNI" kahI hai| bhadrA brAhmaNadharmI hone se isake lie jaina lekhaka ne

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100 zrAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha kathana ke varNana se spaSTa hotA hai ki yaha kAlaka nimitta ke, jyotiSa ke, jAnane vAle the / isa taraha datta ke mAtulArya kAlaka aura nAma - paramparA ke kAlAcArya brAhmaNa hone kI saMgati milatI hai| donoM vRttAntoM meM kAlaka ko nimitta-mantra-vidyA- jJAna hone kA bhI sAmya hai / gardabhilocchedaka kAlaka kA bhAgineya balamitra rAjA thA / yahA~ kahAvalI, ' zrAvazyaka cUrNi " ityAdi ke uparyukta kathAnaka meM kAlakAcArya kA bhAgineya datta bhI rAjA hotA hai| yaha bhI vicAraNIya hai / balamitra kA kaunasA thA ? aura bala mitra - bhAnumitra kyA sacamuca kAlaka ke bhAgineya the ? nizIthacUrNi kahatI hai ki kitaneka AcAryoM ke kathanAnusAra ve (balamitra - bhAnumitra) kAlakAcArya ke bhAgineya the| magara nizIthacUrNikAra bhagavajjinadAsa mahattara ko (I0 sa0 676 AsapAsa) yaha pakkA mAlUma nahIM thA isI lie inhoMne nizcitarUpa se nahIM batAyA / 22 kAlakAcArya aura jinadAsa ke sattAsamaya ke bIca meM ThIka ThIka antara hogA jisase jinadAsa ko isa viSaya meM avicchinna vizvasanIya paramparA mila na skii| Age jinadAsa kahate haiM ki balamitra ke bhAgineya balabhAnu ne jainI dIkSA lI jisase balamitra kA purohita aura dUsare nArAja hue / purohita brAhmaNadharmI hone se balamitra - bhAnumitra bhI brAhmaNavarmI hoNge| agara kAlakAcArya ke ina donoM bhAgineya jainadharmI hote to kAlakAcArya ke liye ujjaina se bAhira cale jAne kI paristhiti khar3I na hotI jaisA ki Avazyaka - cUrNi antargata ( tithi badalanevAlI) kathAnaka meM varNita hai / bhAgineya hone para bhI agara balamitra - bhAnumitra brAhmaNadharmI hoM taba ve saba bAteM honI asambhava nahIM / agara kAlaka khuda janma se brAhmaNajAtIya hoM taMtra to unake bhAgineya bala mitra - bhAnu mitra brAhmaNadharmI hone kA susaMgata hI hotA hai / brAhmaNadharmI hone para bhI kyoMki balamitra - bhAnumitra kAlaka ke bhAgineya the, ina donoM ne gardabhocchedana meM kAlaka ko sahAyatA dii| datta aura balamitra donoM alaga alaga kathAnakoM meM kAlaka ke bhAgineya kahe gaye haiM / ve donoM eka the yA bhinna bhinna vyakti ? kathAnakoM ke DhaMga se to unake alaga alaga vyakti hone kA anumAna hotA hai| turumiNI (yA turuviNI) nagarI kahA~ thI ? vaha zAyada hAla meM madhyabhArata meM tumaina (Tumain nAma se pichAnI jAtI nagarI hogii| kAlakAcArya kA jyAdA sambandha ujjaina, bharukaccha aura pratiSThAnapura se rahA isa se turumiNI kA madhya yA pazcima bhArata meM honA sambhavita hai kintu vaha kahA~ thI yaha nizcitarUpa se kahanA zakya nahIM / zrI navA prakAzita kAlakAcArya kathA meM diye hue madhyakAlIna (saMvat 1100 ke piche race gaye) aisA zabdaprayoga AcArya haribhadra aura zIlAGka ke TIkAgranthoM meM brAhmaNoM ko 'dhigjAtIya ' hI kahA gayA hai ata eva navAba prakAzita anya kathAoM meM piche ke ( madhyakAlIna) lekhakoM ne kAlakAcArya kI bhaginI (datta kI mA~) ko brAhmaNa jAtIya batAI hai vaha ThIka hI hai| 1 20. navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 40 21. vahI, pR0 40 22. ' keyi AyariyA bharAMti, jahA balamitta - bhANumittA kAlagAyariyANaM bhAgiNejjA bhavaMti / mAtulo tti kAuM mahaMta AdaraM kareti anbhuThadANAdiyaM / ' - nizothacUrNi uddeza 10, kAlakAcAryakathA (navAba prakAzika ), pR0 2. devacandrasUriviracita kAlakakathA (saM0 1146 ) meM balamitra - bhAnumitra ko kAlaka ke bhAgineya kahe haiM, dekho, kAlakAcAryakathA, (navAba), pR0 14. vahI, pR0 37 meM kahAvalI antargata kathAnaka meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai| 23. mUla gvAliara riyAsata kA yaha tumaina eka prAcIna sthala hai jahA~ se uttara guptakAlIna zilpa ityAdi mile haiM /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 101 kathAnakoM se pratIta hotA hai ki ina lekhakoM ko suvarNabhUmi kA ThIka patA nahIM rahA hogaa| isI lie prabhAvakacaritra ke kartA (samaya vi0 saM0 1334 = I0 sa0 1277) sAgara ko ujjainI meM base kahate haiM / aura dUsare lekhaka suvarNabhUmi ke bajAya svarNapura kahate haiN| kaI lekhaka pradeza kA nAma chor3a dete haiM yA dUra-deza yA dezAntara aisA spaSTa ullekha karate haiN| isa se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki ina pichale lekhakoM ke samaya meM kaI parampara|yeM vicchinna thiiN| aura kaI bAteM unakI samajha meM yA na skiiN| aise saMyoga meM hamAre lie yahI ucita hai ki hama bhASyakAra, cUrNikAra, kahAbalIkAra aura malayagiri ke kathanoM meM jyAdA vizvAsa rakhakheM aura ho sake vahA~ taka inhIM sAkSiyoM se kAlakaviSayaka khar3I hotI samasyAoM ko sulajhAne kA prayatna kreN| hama dekha cUke haiM ki kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the na ki kAlpanika / nimittajJAnI, anuyogakAra zrArya kAlaka suvarNabhUmi meM gaye the aisA niryuktikAra, bhASyakAra aura cUrNikAra kA kahanA hai jisameM sandeha rakhane kA koI kAraNa nahIM / lekina suvarNabhUmi kisa pradeza ko kahate the ? suvarNabhUmi kA nirdeza hameM mahAniddesa jaise prAcIna granthoM meM milatA hai| DaoN0 motIcandra likhate haiM- " mahAniddesa ke suvarNakUTa aura suvarNabhUmi ko eka sAtha lenA caahiye| suvarNabhUmi, baMgAla kI khAr3I ke pUraba ke saba pradezoM ke lie eka sAdhAraNa nAma thA; para suvarNakUTa eka bhaugolika nAma hai / arthazAstra ( 2/2/28 ) ke anusAra suvarNakuDyA se tailaparNika nAma kA sapheda yA lAlacandana AtA thaa| yahA~ kA agara pIle aura lAla raMgoM ke bIca kA hotA thA / sabase acchA candana maikAsAra aura timora se, aura sabase cchA agara campA aura anAma se zrAtA thA / suvarNakuDyA se dukUla aura patrorNa bhI Ate the| suvarNakuDyA kI pahacAna cInI kilin se kI jAtI hai jo phUlAna ke pazcima meM thA / 241 suvarNabhUmi aura suvarNadvIpa ye donoM nAma sAgarapAra ke pUrvI pradezoM ke lie prAcIna samaya se bhAratavAsiyoM ko suparicita the / jAtakakathAyeM, guNADhya kI (abhI anupalabdha) bRhatkathA ke upalabdha rUpAntara, kathAkoza aura vizeSataH bauddha aura dUsare sAhitya ke kathAnakoM meM inake nAma hamezA milate rahate haiM / eka jAtakakathA ke anusAra mahAjanaka nAmaka rAjakumAra dhanaprApti ke uddeza se sodAgaroM ke sAtha suvarNabhUmi ko jAnevAle jahAja meM gayA thaa| dUsarI eka jAtakakathA bharukaccha se suvarNabhUmi kI jahAjI musAphirI kA nirdeza karatI hai / suppAraka - jAtaka meM aisI hI yAtrA vistAra se dI gaI hai / 25 guNADhya kI bRhatkathA to aprApya hai kintu usase bane hue budhatvAmi-likhita bRhatkathAzlokasaGgraha meM sAnudAsa kI suvarNabhUmi kI yAtrA batAI gaI hai / kathAsaritsAgara meM suvarNadvIpa kI yAtrAoM ke kaI nirdeza haiN| kathAkoza meM nAgadatta ko suvarNadvIpa ke rAjA sunda ne bacAyA aisI kathA hai / " E bRhatkathA ke upalabdha rUpAntaroM meM sabase prAcIna hai saGghadAsa vAcaka kRta vasudeva hiDi ( racanAkAla-I0 sa0 300 se I0 sa0 500 ke bIca ) / sArtha ke sAtha utkala se tAmralipti (vartamAna tAmaluk ) kI ora jAte hue cArudatta ko rAste meM lUTeroM kI bheMTa hotI hai, lekina vaha baca jAtA hai| sArtha se use alaga honA par3atA hai aura vaha akelA priyaMgupaTTA pahu~catA hai jahA~ pahacAnavAle vyApArI kI sahAya se vaha nayA mAla le kara tarI rAste vyApAra ke lie jAtA hai / cArudatta apanA vRttAnta detA hai - "piche ... maiMne jahAja ko sajja kiyA, usa meM mAla bharA, khalAsiyoM ke sAtha naukara bhI liye... rAjyazAsana kA paTTaka ( pAsaporTa ) 24. DA0 motIcandra, sArthavAha, pR0 134. 25. jAtaka, bhAga 6 (iMgliza meM), pR0 22; vahI bhAga 3, pR0 124; bhAga 4, pR0 86 aura jAtakamAlA, naM0 14. 26. kathAsaritsAgara (bambaI - prakAzana), taraGga 54, 3086 se Age, 65 Age; taraGga, 57, 72 se Age; pR0 276, 267; taraGga, 86, 33, 62; taraGga, 123. 110. kathAkoza (Tawneys Ed.) pR0 28-26.

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102 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha bhI liyA aura cInasthAna kI ora jahAja ko calAyA...jalamArga hone se (cAroM ora) sArA jagat jalamaya sA pratIta hotA thaa| phira hamaloga cInasthAna phuNce| vahA~ vyApAra kara ke maiM suvarNadvIpa gyaa| pUrva aura dakSiNa dizA ke pattanoM ke pravAsa ke bAda kamalapura (khmera), yavadvIpa (javadvIpa-jAvA) aura siMhala (silona-laMkA) meM aura pazcima meM barbara (jhAMjhIbAra ?) aura yavana (alekajhAMDitrA) meM vyApAra kara, maiMne ATha koTi dhana paidA kiyA......jahAja meM maiM saurASTra ke kinAre jA rahA thA taba kinArA merI dRSTimaryAdA meM thA usI samaya jhaMjhAvAta hA aura vaha jahAja naSTa hyaa| kucha samaya ke bAda eka kASThaphalaka mere hAtha A gayA aura (samudra ke) taraMgoM kI paramparA se phaiMkAtA huA maiM usa avalambana se jI bacAkara sAta rAtriyoM ke bAda Akhira umbarAvatI-velA (velA = khAr3I) ke kinAre para DAlA gyaa| isa taraha maiM samudra se bAhara aayaa|" yaha byAna mahattva kA hai| priyaMgupaTTaNa baMgAla kI eka prAcIna bandaragAha thii| vahA~ se cArudatta cIna aura hinda-eziyA kI saphara karatA hai| cIna se suvarNadvIpa jAtA hai aura pUrva aura dakSiNa ke bandaragAhoM, vyApArakendroM meM sodA kara khmera, vahA~ se yavadvIpa aura phira vahA~ se siMhala ko jAtA hai| isa taraha cIna aura khmera ke bIca meM suvarNadvIpa honA sambhavita hai| vasudevahiNDi kI racanA bRhatkalpabhASya se prAcIna hai| vasudevahiNDi antargata cArudatta ke bayAna se pratIta hotA hai ki jaina granthakAra ina pUrvIya dezoM se suparicita the| bRhatkalpabhASya-gAthA meM "suvaraNa" zabda-prayoga se granthakAra kI apanI sUtrAtmaka zailI kA kAma cala jAtA hai kyoMki likhane aura par3hanevAle isake matalaba se (suvaraNa zabda se sUcita suvarNabhUmi artha se) suparicita the| aura uttarAdhyayana niyukti to spaSTa rUpa se suvarNabhUmi kA nirdeza karatI hai| suvarNabhUmi ke agaru ke bAre meM kauTilya ke nirdeza (arthazAstra, 2, 11) kA ullekha pahile kiyA gayA hai| milindapaNha bhI, samudrapAra takkola, cIna, suvarNabhUmi ke bandaragAheM, jahA~ jahAja ikaDe hote haiM, kA ullekha karatA hai| niddesa meM suvarNabhUmi aura dUsare dezoM kI jahAjI musApharI kA nirdeza hai| mahAkarma-vibhaGga meM dezAntaravipAka ke udAharaNa meM mahAkosalI aura tAmralipi se suvarNabhUmi kI ora jahAjI rAste se jAnevAle vyApAriyoM ko hotI huI ApattiyoM kI bAteM haiN| silonI mahAvaMza meM thera uttara aura thera soNa ke suvarNabhUmi meM dharmapracAra kA nirdeza hai|31 27. yavana asala meM AyoniA ke lie prayukta thaa| jisa samaya vasudevahiNDi aura guNADhya kI bRhatkathA racI gaI usa samaya yavana se alekjhANDiyA uddiSTa hogaa| 28. vasudevahiNDi, bhAga 1, pR0 132-146. 26. Agama prabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI kI prastAvanA, bRhatkalpasUtra, vibhAga 6. 30. milindapaNha (bhASAntara ), sekreDa buksa oNpha dha isTa sirIjha, vaoNlyuma 36, pR. 266 -"As a ship-owner, who has become wealthy by constantly levying freight in some sea-port town, will be able to traverse the high-seas and go to..... Takkola or Cina....or Suvarnabhumi or any other place where ships may congregate........." dekho, DA. silvA~ levi, Etudes Asiatiques, vA0 2, pR0 1-55, 431. 31. mahAkarma-vibhaGga, DA. silvA~ levi prakAzita, pR0 50 se Age dekho, mahAvaMza, gAigara prakAzita, pR066 suvarNadvIpa ( DA. ramezacandra majumadAra kRta ) vibhAga 1, pR06-40. .

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 103 grIka lATina granthakAra bhI suvarNabhUmi, suvarNadvIpa kA ullekha karate haiN| krisI (Chryse jisakA artha suvarNa hotA hai ) dvIpa kA pomponiasa mela (I0 sa041-54) apane De Chorographia meM ullekha karatA hai| plinI, TaoNlemI vagairaha granthakAroM ke bayAnoM meM, aura periplasa meM bhI, isakA ullekha hai| TaoNlemI sirpha kisI dvIpa ke bajAya Chryse Chora (suvarNabhUmi) aura Chryse Chersonesus (suvarNadvIpakalpa) kA nirdeza karatA hai / arabI granthakAroM ke pichale bayAnoM ko yahA~ vistArabhaya se chor3a deMge / kintu ina saba sAkSiyoM kI vistRta samIkSA ke bAda DAkTara ramezacandra majumadAra ne jo likhA hai vahI dekha leM / Apa likhate haiM "The Periplus makes it certain that the territories beyond the Ganges were called Chryse. It does not give us any means to define the boundaries more precisely, beyond drawing our attention to the facts that the region consisted both of a part of mainland as well as an island, to the east of the Ganges, and that it was the last part of the inhabited world. To the north of this region it places "This" or China. In other words, Chryse, according to this authority, has the same connotation as the Trans-Gangetic India of Ptolemy, and would include Burma, Indo-China and Malaya Archipelago, or rather such portions of this vast region as were then known to the Indians. Ptolemy's Chryse Chersonesus undoubtedly indicates Malaya Peninsula, and its Chryse Chora must be a region to the north of it. Now we have definite evidence that a portion of Burma was known in later ages as Suvarnabhumi. According to Kalyani Inscriptions (Suvarnabhumi ratta-samkhata Ramafinidesa ), Ramafiniadesa was called Suvarnabhumi which would then comprise the maritime region between Cape Negrais and the mouth of the Salvin............There can also be hardly any doubt, in view of the statement of Arab and Chinese writers, and the inscription found in Sumatra itself, that the island was also known. as Suvarnabhumi and Suvarnadvipa.......There are thus definite evidences that Burma, Malaya Peninsula and Sumatra had a common designation of Suvarnabhumi, and the name Suvarnadvipa was certainly applied to Sumatra and other islands of the Malaya Archipelago." isa taraha DA0 majumadAra ke anveSaNa se varmA, malaya dvIpakalpa, sumAtrA aura malaya dvIpasamUha se abhI pichAne jAte pradezoM ke lie suvarNabhUmi zabda pracalita thA, aura vizeSa sumAtrA aura malayasAmudradhUni (Malaya Archipelago) kA dvIpasamUha suvarNadvIpa kahA jAtA thaa| bRhatkalpasUtra kI bhASya gAyA meM, aura uttarAdhyayananiyukti meM " suvaNNa" zabda hai jisase muvarNabhUmi yA suvarNadvIpa donoM artha ghaTamAna hote haiM / kintu cUrNikAra aura TIkAkAra ( malayagiri) jaise bahuzruta vidvAnoM ne apane ko prApta AdhAragrantha aura prAcIna paramparAgata jJAna ke anusaraNa meM suvarNabhUmi artha diyA hai| isa lie kAlakAcArya dakSiNa-dharmA, usake pUrva ke aura dakSiNa ke pradezoM meM vicare the aisA artha ghaTAnA ThIka hogaa| vahA~ se Age ve kahA~ taka gaye, aura "ajja kAlaga" ne zeSa jIvana meM kyA kyA kiyA, 32. DA0 ramezacandra majumadAra, suvarNadvIpa, bhAga 1, pR0 48. 33. Arya kAlaka ke zeSa jIvana ke bAre meM agara bhASyakAra aura cUrNikAra ko kucha aura bhI patA hogA

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104 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha kahA~ kahA~ vihAra kiyA ityAdi ba teM hamAre sAmane upasthita na hone se yaha qhayAla karanA ki anAma (campA ) meM kAlAcArya (kAla kArya) ke jAne kI paramparA nirAdhAra hai yA vaha kAlaka para kI nahIM ho sakatI yaha zaMkA nirarthaka hogI / aura jaisA zrAge batAyA hai, ajja kAlaka ke brAhmaNakula meM janma hone kI jaina paramparA, kAlaka ko nimitta aura mantrajJAna hone kI paramparA, vaTavRkSa ke nIce rahane kI paMcakalpabhASya kI gvAhI ityAdi se kAlaka ke nAma jAne ke anumAna ko puSTi milatI hai / utpalabhaTTa kI TIkA kI hastapratoM meM vaGkAlaka se yadi vA se kAlaka ke sambandha kA nirdeza ho taba to isako aura bhI puSTi milatI hai / kAla ke vyaktitva ko ThIka samajhA jAya tatra pratIta hogA ki unake lie yaha saba karanA zakya thA / vahA~ se ve Tonkina (dakSiNa cIna) gaye yaha nAma (campA) kI usa paramparA kA kahanA hai| jo kAlaka sindhu ke usa pArazakasthAna zakakUla- pArasakUla ko gaye so kAlaka pUrva meM baMgAlase barmA hokara ina saba pradezoM meM bhI gaye yaha samajhane meM koI saGgatidoSa nahIM rahatA / magadha se Age jainadharma ke kramazaH vistAra ke itihAsa ko vinA dekhe yaha vastusthiti sambhavita na lagegI | mahAvIra gaye the rAr3hA meM - pazcimI baMgAla meM / vaha pradeza anAryoM se, asaMskRta janoM se bharA par3A thaa| mahAvIra ko vahA~ kAphI upasarga sahana karane pdd'e| ve rAr3hA yA lAr3ha-vAsI loga, jinako hama primitive peoples kahate haiM, vaise the / pUrvIya pradezoM meM barmA, zrAsAma, sayAma, hindI - cIna, malAyA ityAdi dezoM meM nAga ityAdi jAti kI prAgaitihAsika asaMskRta prajAoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti ne jA kara apane saMskAra phailAye yaha to campA, kamboja (kamboDiyA) ityAdi ke itihAsa se supratIta hai / prAcIna kAla meM dakSiNa meM jaise tsya bagairaha ne yaha kArya kiyA, pUrvIya pradezoM kI ora mahAvIra kI naz2ara daudd'ii| sambhava hai ki ve baMgAla kI pUrvIya sImA taka (zAyada barmI sarahada taka ) gye| rAr3hA aura usake pradezoM meM mahAvIra - vihAra kA vistRta yAna granthoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai / / mahAvIra ke anugAmI sthaviroM ne yaha kArya cAlU rakkhA / tatra hI to hama sthavirAvalI meM tAmralipsi, koTivarSa aura puNDrabarddhana kI zAkhAoM ke nirdeza pAte haiN| chedasUtrakAra sthavira prArya bhadrabAhu (mahAvIra nirvANa varSa 170) nepAla ko gaye the yaha bhI isI pravRtti kA sUcaka hai paJcakalpabhASya meM gAthA hai - "vaMdAmi bAhuM, pAI sayalasuyanANi " - ityAdi / yahA~ "pAI" kA prAcIna- gotrIya ' aisA artha pichale granthakAroM ne batalAyA hai aura "prAcIno janapadaH " aisA kahate haiM 4 / pAharapura (baMgAla) se utkhanana meM guptakAlIna tAmrapatra- dAnapatra milA hai jisa meM paJcastUpAnvaya (sambhavataH mathurA kA) ke jainAcAryoM ke vahA~ taka ke vihAra kI sAkSI milatI hai / 35 kama se kama guptarAjAoM ke zAsanakAla taka pUrvIya bhArata meM jaina dharma kA pracAra cAlU rhaa| phira dUsare dUsare kinhI rAjakIya pravAhoM ke prabhAva se jaina saGgha kA jamAva pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata kI ora bar3hatA gyaa| pUrva - bhArata meM vartamAna sarAka (zrAvaka) jAti ke loga prAcIna zrAvaka (jaina) the aisA kahA jAtA hai| kintu apane vivaraNAtmaka grantha meM una bAtoM kA prasaMga upasthita na hone se ( anaucitya samajha kara ) ve kucha Age na likha sake / datta bAlI ghaTanA ke anta meM kAvalI - kAra sirpha itanA hI likhate haiM: "kAlayasUri vi vihiNA kAlaM kAUNa gayo devalogaM / " zAyada kAlaka kA zeSa jIvana ina pUrvIya pradezoM meM gujraa| isa viSaya meM nizcayAtmaka kucha kahanA zakya nahIM / 34. isa viSaya meM dekhiye, buleTina oNpha dha prinsa oNpha velsa myujhiama, vaoN0 1 naM0 1, pR0 30-40. 35. epigrAphikA inDikA, vaoN0 20, pR0 56 se Age; hisTarI oNpha bengAla, vaoN0 1, pR0 410.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 105 isa taraha hama dekhate haiM ki mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt karIba pA~caso varSa meM dUsare sampradAyoM ke sAtha jainoM ne bhI pUrva meM aura uttarapUrva meM apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karane ke prayatna kiye hoMge, aura baMgAla meM I0 sa0 kI pA~cavI zatAbdI taka jainoM ke vaha prayatna cAlU the / ataH isase bhI pUrva meM barmA, anAma ityAdi meM tathA suvarNabhUmi se pilAne jAte pradezoM meM aisA prayatna hone kA agara prAcIna jaina granthoM kA pramANa mile taba vaha asaGgata aura azakya nahIM laga sktaa| kama se kama varmA, aAsAma aura nepAla meM jainAcAryoM ke jAne kA anumAna to hareka ko grAhma hogaa| dakSiNa varmA se paidala rAste se jainAcArya, Age bhI suvarNabhUmi se pichAne jAte pradezoM meM, jA sakate the aura gaye hoNge| , Arya kAla ke samaya ke bAre meM Age vicAra hogaa| unakA samaya, jaisA ki Age dekheMge, I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151 yA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 kI AsapAsa kA hai : usa samaya meM bhAratIya vyApArI ina pradezoM meM jAte the yaha hama dekha cUke haiN| DaoN0 majumadAra likhate haiM "The view that the beginnings of Indian Colonisation in South-East Asia should be placed not later than the first century A. D. is also supported by the fact that trade relations between India and China, by way of sea, may be traced back to the second century B.C.36 As the Chineses vessels did not proceed beyond Northern Annam till after the first century A.D., it may be presumed that the Indian vessels plied at least as far as Annam even in the second century B.C. As the vessels in those days kept close to the coast, we may conclude that even in the second century B.C. Indian mariners and merchants must have been quite familiar with those regions in Indo-China, and Malaya Archipelago, where we find Indian colonies at a later date."86A 3 magara jainAcAryoM kI jahAjI saphara kA, samudrayAna kA anumAna karanA muzkila hai| kintu ve khuzkI rAste se jA sakate the / isa meM bhI bar3I bar3I nadiyA~ to zrAtI hI haiN| bar3I bar3I nadiyoM ke pAra karane meM jaina zramaNa nAva meM baiTha sakate haiN| isa viSaya kI vistRta carcA bRhatkalpasUtra, uddeza 4 sUtra 32 se Age, aura ina sUtroM kI bhASyagAthAoM ( gAthA 5620 ) meM milatI hai| gaGgA yA zodha ( aura sindhu, narmadA) jaisI bhAratIya bar3I nadiyA~ pAra karanevAle jainAcAryoM ne brahmaputrA, IrAvadI jaisI nadiyA~ bhI nA~va meM pAra kI hogI / isa meM koI pratibaMdha nahIM hai / kinArA sAmane najara meM A sake aise jalamArga meM nAva kA upayoga ho sakatA hai| bar3I bar3I aisI nadiyoM ke rAste meM bhI aisI kaI jagaha (yA pahAr3I dUna pradeza) hotI haiM jahA~ jala khUba gaharA hotA hai lekina sAmanevAlA kinArA najaroM se dUra nahIM hotaa| aura inhIM nadiyoM meM aise bhI jalamArga hote haiM jahA~ pA~va Upara UThA kara cala kara bhI unako pAra kara sakate haiM jaisI ki bRhatkalpasUtrakAra (6 ega pAyaM jale kiccA egaM pAyaM thale kiccA " ityAdi zabdoM meM anujJA dete haiN| isa taraha agara khuzkI rAste se, bIca meM AnevAlI nadiyoM ko nAva meM baiThakara yA calakara pAra karake, dakSiNa varmA, campA, malAyA ityAdi pradezoM meM jAnA zakya hotA thA taba aja kAlaga, sAgara bhramaNa aura dUsare jaina zramaNoM kA suvarNabhUmi-gamana dharmaviruddha, zAstraviruddha nahIM thaa| 36. toDaMga patra (Toung Pao), 13 (1612), pR0 457-61; inDiyana hisTaoNrikala kvArTarli, 14, pR0 380. 36 a. DA0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra, anziyanTa inDiyA kaoNlanAyakezana ina sAutha IsTa eziyA (1955), 40 11.

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zrAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha bRhatkalpasUtra ke kartA hai prAcIna gotrIya yA prAcIna janapada ke sthavira Arya bhdrbaahu| apane banAye hue isa chedasUtra ke caturtha uddeza meM sAdhuoM ke jalayAna kI carcA karate hue zrApa likhateM haiM-"no kappai niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA imAao paMcamaharANavAzro mahAnadIao uddivAzro gaNiyAzro vaMjiyAro aMto mAsA dukkhutto vA tikkhutto vA uttarittara vA saMtarittae vaa| taM jahA-gaMgA, jauNA, sarau, kosiyA mhii|" isa sUtra ke Upara niyukti bhI dekhanI cAhiye paMcaehaM gahaNeNaM sesA viu sUiyA mhaaslilaa| tattha purA vihariMsu ya, Na ya tAto kayAi sukkhaMti // 5620 // phira Age isI viSaya kI vistRta carcA pAtI hai| nAvasantaraNa ke bhinna bhinna doSa dikhalAte hue bRhatkalpasUtra ke (niyuktikAra yA) bhASyakAra kahate haiM vIravarassa bhagavato, nAvArUDhasya kAsi uvsgN| micchaddihi paraddho, kaMbala-saMbalehiM tArizro bhagavaM // 5628 // 38 bhagavAn mahAvIra bhI nAva meM car3he the isa kI pratIti aAvazyaka-niyukti gAthA 466-713. se bhI hotI hai| uparyukta bhASyagAthAtroM meM pratyanIkAdi doSoM kI carcA aura inase bacane ke lie jahA~ taka ho sake, sthala-rAstA (khuzkI-rAstA) grahaNa karane ke upadeza ke sAtha hI nAva se yA calate hI nadI pAra karane kI carcA hai| jahA~ jala kI gaharAI bilakula kama ho aura jAnU se bhI nIce jala ho, matalaba ki jahA~ pA~va ko jala se Upara UThA kara phira Age rakha kara nadI meM cala sakeM vahA~ kIcar3a se baca sakate haiM aura girane kI yA jIvahiMsA kI sambhAvanA atIva kama ho jAtI hai| kintu isa sArI carcA meM nAvArohaNa-nAva se nadI pAra karane kA sampUrNa pratibandha nahIM rakkhA gyaa| kAlakAcArya aura sAgara-zramaNa samudramArga se-jahAjI rAste se nahIM kintu khuzkI rAste se gaye hoMge aisA hamArA khayAla hai| aura bRhatkalpabhASya kI cUrNi aura TIkA ke vRttAntoM kA dhvani yahI hai| rAste meM kAlaka ke ziSyoM ko loga pUchate haiM, "ye kauna se prAcArya jA rahe haiM ?" isakA matalaba yahI hai ki ve khuzkI rAste se gye| IsA ke pUrva kI zatAbdiyoM meM khuzkI rAstA jyAdA istemAla hotA thaa| jahAjI vyApAra kramazaH bar3hA hogaa| khuzkI rAste the jo cIna ( dakSiNa cIna) taka le jAte the| khuzkI rAste ke viSaya meM DA0 majumadAra likhate haiM "From early times there was a regular trade-route by land between Eastern India and China through Upper Burma and Yunnan. We know from Chinese Chronicles that in the second century B.C. merchants with their ware travelled from China across the whole of North India and Afghanistan to Bactria. Through this route came early Chinese priests for whom, according to I-tsing, an Indian king built a temple in the third or fourth century A.D. From different points along this route one could pass to Lower Burma and other parts of Indo China, and a Chinese writer whom, according to From different Pindo China, and a 37. bRhatkalpasUtra, uddeza 4, sU0 32, vibhAga 5, pR0 1487, gAthA 5620. 38. vahI, pR0 1486, gAthA, 5628. 36. Avazyaka-sUtra, hAribhadrIya vRtti, patra 160-1.

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__ suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 107 Kia Tan, refers to a land route between Annam and India (Journal Asiatique, II-XIII, 1919, p. 461).40 zrAvakoM ke lie to sAgara-gamana aura nAvArohaNa niSiddha mAlUma nahIM hotA hai| vasudevahiNDiantargata cArudatta-kathAnaka kA bhI yahI dhvani hai, vyApAra ke lie jaina zrAvaka dvIpAntaroM meM jahAjoM se jAte the| jJAtAdharmakathAsUtra meM bhI ratnadvIpa pahu~ce hue vaNikoM kA prasaMga hai| agara kisI pradeza meM jaina gRhasthoM kI vasati na ho to vahA~ jaina sAdhu sAdhviyoM kA vihAra atIva kaThina hotA hai kyoM ki AhAra ke bAre meM niyamoM kA pAlana karanA muzkila ho jAtA hai| sAgarazramaNa saparivAra suvarNabhUmi meM the aise nirdeza kA matalaba yaha bhI hai ki vahA~ jaina gRhastha (sAhasika sodAgara) ThIka ThIka saMkhyA meM maujUda the| isa taraha isa samaya meM (I0 sa0 pUrva 151-60) bhAratIya vyApAriyoM kA suvarNabhUmi meM jAnA zurU ho cUkA thaa| vyApAra ke lie hareka sampradAya ke vaNik jAte the-jaina, bauddha yA hindU koI bhI ho| jainAcArya ke vahA~ saparivAra vihAra ke isa vizvasanIya bayAna kA nizkarSa yaha hai ki iMsA ke pUrva kI pahalI-dUsarI zatAbdiyoM meM bhAratIya sodAgara aura bhAratIya saMskRti ke suvarNabhUmigamana kA hameM eka aura pramANa milatA hai| dharma ke pracAra ke lie siddhi-vidyAsiddhi yA mantrasiddhi-ityAdi ke prayoga karane kA jainAcAryoM ke lie niSiddha nahIM thaa| aisI prabhAvanA ke kaI dRSTAnta milate haiM aura aise prAcAryoM ko prabhAvaka prAcArya kahate haiN| Arya vajra, Arya khapuTa, Arya pAdalita jaise prAcIna AcAryoM ke aise kArya saGghako mAnya rahe the| sAdhvI ko bacAne ke lie Arya kAlaka ne jo kiyA vaha bhI dharmaviruddha nahIM ginA gyaa| zakakUla meM aura bhArata meM bhI kAlakAcArya ne apane vidyA, maMtra aura nimitta-jJAna kA paricaya diyaa| aise bar3e bar3e prAcAryoM ko prabhAvaka zrAcArya kahate haiN| aise bahuzruta prAcAryoM ke prAcaraNa meM 2 zaGkA kI bAta to dUra rahI, ve Age dUsare prAcAryoM aura muniyoM ke mArgadarzaka bhI gine jAte haiN| Arya vajra, Arya pAdalipta, Arya kAlaka Adi sthavira prabhAvaka AcArya mAne gaye aura prabhAvaka-caritra meM inake caritra bhI diye gye| pazAlI, bahuzrata, vRddha jaina zrAcArya dharmAcaraNaviSayaka mAmale meM pramANabhUta gine jAte haiM aura jahA~ zAstroM kA pUrA khulAsA anupalabdha ho yA zAstravacana samajha meM na Ave vahA~ aise paTTadharoM, yugapradhAnoM, sthaviroM ke mArgadarzana aura kArya pramANabhUta hote haiN| zrutadhara anuyogakAra sthavira Arya kAlaka sAdhvI ko bacAne ke lie pArasakUla-zakakUla gaye aura vahA~ se zakoM ko le Aye aura gardabha kA uccheda krvaayaa| Aja taka Arya kAlaka kA yaha kathAnaka jaina samAja meM (vizeSataH zvetAmbara jaina saGka meM) atIva pracalita hai| kAlaka-kathA kI kaI sacitra prAcIna hastaprateM milatI haiN| sacitra pratiyoM meM kalpasUtra ke sAtha kAlakakathA kI pratiyA~ milatI rahatI haiM, yaha paryuSaNAparvatithi ke sAtha kAlaka kA sambandha hone ke kAraNa hogaa| kintu zakoM ko lAne vAle kAlaka ko itanA sanmAna milatA hai yahI sUcaka hai| 40. DaoN0 Ara0 sI0 majumadAra, enzianTa inDiana kaoNlanAijhezana ina sAutha-IsTa eziA (baDodA 1955), pR0 4. 41. zrI vIracanda gAMdhI jaba amarikA sarvadharmapariSada meM jA kara Aye taba jaina saGgha ne unako prAyazcitta karane kA khaa| usa samaya suprasiddha jainAcArya zrI vijayAnandasUrijI (zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja) ne yahI abhiprAya diyA ki unakA samudrapAra jAnA niSiddha nahIM thaa| zrI AtmArAmajI mahArAja kA yaha patra gujarAtI sAptAhika 'jaina' (bhAvanagara) ke tA0 28-11-1953 ke aGka meM prakAzita huA hai| 42. jaise ki Arya vajra caityapUjA ke lie puSpa le Aye the|

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108 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha Arya kAlaka ke jIvanakAla meM unake zakoM ko lAne ke kArya ke viruddha (aura dUsare kAryoM ke viruddha) kucha aAndolana huA hogaa| mantra-vidyA aura nimitta ke prayoga Ama taura para jaina sAdhuoM ke lie ucita nahIM mAne gaye haiN| vidyApiNDa ko to niSiddha hI mAnA gayA hai| aura phira paradeza se zakoM ko isa deza meM lAne kA kArya bahata se logoM ko (jainadharmAvalambI ko bhI) pasanda na bhI ho| gardabharAjocchedaka kAlakAcArya ke jIvana meM sAhasa (adventure) kA--parAkrama kA-tattva spaSTa dikhAI detA hai| ve koI asAdhAraNa vyakti the| unhoMne jaba dekhA ki sUtra naSTa hote jA rahe haiM taba unhoMne anuyoga-granthoM kI racanA kii| vRhatkalpacUrNi aura TIkA ke anusAra unake anuyoga ko unakA ziSyasamudAya sunatA nahIM thaa| kyoM ? anuyoga ke yahA~ do artha haiM-upadeza-pravacana aura Arya kAlaka ke race hae anuyoga grantha jinakA vyAkhyAna Apa karate hoNge| hama sunate haiM ki aArya kAlaka ke ziSya pravrajyA meM sthira nahIM rahate the| kyoM? kyA ina saba nirdezoM se yahI sUcita nahIM hotA ki kAlaka ke krAntikArI asAdhAraNa khayAla aura kArya, purAne rAste ko chor3a kara naye rAste para calane ke sAhasa ityAdi se saGkucita manovRtti vAle aura pragati virodhI tattva nArAz2a the ? hareka maz2ahaba kI tavArikha meM hama dekhate haiM ki bar3e bar3e mahAtmAoM ko aise virodha apane jIvana meM sahana karane par3e yadyapi Age calakara ve yugapradhAna mAne gye| krAisTa, mahAtmA gAMdhI, tukArAma, mIrAM, kabIra Adi aneka dRSTAnta hamAre sAmane maujUda haiN| kAlakAcArya ko bhI aisI vipattiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3A hogaa| jaina tavArikha meM bhI hama dekhate haiM ki Arya suhasti ke prAcaraNa se Arya mahAgiri nArAja hue the| Arya vajra jaba pUjA ke lie puSpa le Aye taba unakA yaha kArya zrAma taura se sAdhuao ke lie ucita na thaa| unakA bhI virodha hA hogaa| zakoM ko lAnevAle, AjIvikoM se nimitta paDhanevAle, nimittakathana aura vidyAprayoga karanevAle, parvRSaNAparva kI paJcamI tithi ko badala kara caturthI ko yaha parva manAnevAle, naye anuyoga-grantha racanevAle Arya kAlaka ke sAmane z2arUra virodhI tattva khar3e hue hoNge| magara Arya kAlaka DaranevAle the hI nhiiN| unakI prakRti koI asAdhAraNa kisama kI thii| jaba unhoMne dekhA ki apane hI ziSya apanA hI anuyoga sunate nahIM the taba unako nirveda avazya huaA magara ve baiThe rahanevAle yA dabanevAle nahIM the| unhoMne naye kAryapradeza kI aora dRSTi DAlI / ve suvarNabhUmi jA pahuMce jahA~ bhAratIya vyApArI gaye hue the hI, jahA~ unakA praziSya bhI bhejA huA thA hI aura jahA~ bhArata ke anya dharmAvalambI sodAgara aura sAdhu bhI pahu~ca cUke hoNge| zaGkA yaha upasthita hogI ki agara kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamanavAlI paramparA saccI hai to phira hameM suvarNabhUmi meM kyoM jainadharma ke avazeSa milate nahIM? lekina isakA matalaba yaha to nahIM ho sakatA ki bhaviSya meM milanA asambhava hai| hama yaha to jAnate hI haiM ki IsA kI pahalI-dusarI zatAbdI se lekara bhAratIya saMskRti ke avazeSa ina pradezoM meM mile haiM aura bhAratIya saMskRti kA ThIka ThIka pracAra isa samaya meM ina pradezoM meM ho cUkA thaa| isa samaya meM vahA~ jAnevAle vyApAriyoM meM jaina bhI avazya hoMge yaha to sarva 43. hamAre khayAla se kAlaka ke zakoM ko lAnevAlI ghaTanA se hI jyAdA virodha huA hogA, paradezI zAsana ko pasanda kare aisI prajA girI huI na thii| aura na koI bhI prajA paradezI-zAsakoM ko lAnevAle ko sanmAna detI hai / sAdhvI ko bacAne ke liye jo karanA par3A vaha prabhAvanA kA kArya thA para isa kArya meM rAjakIya svArtha na thA isa lie virodha sArvatrika na hogaa| virodha hone para bhI zrutadhara sthavira Arya kAlaka ko samajhanevAle, unakA sanmAna karanevAle bhI hoMge hii| kAlaka dezadrohI nahIM gine jA skte|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya sammata hogaa| sAtavIM sadI meM haribhadrasUri ne apanI samarAiccakahA meM bhI vyApAriyoM ke paradezagamana ke diye hue bayAna bhI yaha sUcita karate haiM ki jaina sodAgara bhI jAte the| aura inake bhI koI avazeSa, jaina-pratimA ityAdi milanA asambhava nhiiN| kintu hameM yAda rakhanA cAhiye ki AryakAlaka aura sAgarazramaNa jaise sAhasika sthaviroM kI paramparA bhI na rahI jo suvarNabhUmi ko jaayN| aura jaba magadha aura baMgAla meM jaina saGgha ko ApattiyA~ AI taba jainasAdhu jyAdA karake madhya, pazcima aura dakSiNa bhArata ko apane kendra banAte rhe| suvarNabhUmi kA khuzkI rAstA thA para magadha aura baMgAla kI pratikUla paristhiti ke kAraNa barmA jAnevAle jaina sAdhuoM kI paramparA TUTa gii| kAlakAcArya kA samaya aba hameM yaha socanA cAhiye ki kAlakAcArya kaba suvarNabhUmi meM gye| kAlakAcArya ke bAre meM vidvAnoM ne khava carcA kI hai| jaina sampradAya meM aneka kAlakAcArya-kathAnaka milate haiN| DA0 Dablyu. naoNrmana brAuna ne apane " sTori oNpha kAlaka " nAmaka grantha meM aise kaI kathAnakoM, aura kahAvalIantargata kAlaka kathAnaka aura carNigranthoM meM se bhI kitaneka ullekha uddhata kiye haiN| DA0 brAuna ne isa viSaya meM pUrvameM huI carcA kI sUcI bhI dI hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne prabhAvaka-caritra ke gujarAtI bhASAntara kI prastAvanA meM kAlakAcArya ke viSaya meM carcA kI hai| aura phira dvivedIabhinandana grantha meM kitane kAlakAcArya hae aura kaba isa viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne vistAra se likhA hai| zrI sArAbhAI navAba prakAzita kAlakAcAryakathA meM ina saba kathAnakoM-carNiyoM ke (paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi ko chor3a kara) pATha diye haiM kinta carNiyoM ke kucha saMdarbha saMkSipta haiN| khAsa kara ke yavarAja, gardabha aura aDoliyA vAlA, jisakA kAlaka se jyAdA sambandha na mAna kara saMkSepa kiyA hai| isa prakAzana ko sampAdita karane vAle paM0 ambAlAla zAhane munizrI kalyANa vijaya jI ke pratipAdanoM kA sArAMza diyA hai| AzA hai ki ina prakAzanoM ko sAmane rakha kara vidvadgaNa Age kI carcA ko pddh'eNge| kAlakAcArya ke viSaya me upalabdha saba nirdezoM (saMdarbho) ko do vibhAga meM bA~TanA Avazyaka hogaa| eka to hai niyukti, bhASya, cUrNi aura kahAvalI kA vibhAga jo dUsare vibhAga se prAcIna hai aura prAcInatara paramparAoM kA banA huA hai| isako jyAdA vizvasanIya mAnanA caahiye| dUsarA hai navAba ke prakAzana meM diyA huzrA kAlakAcAye kathA prAkRta vibhAga, jisameM naM. 3 vAle kahAvalI se liye hue saMdarbha ko pahale vibhAga meM zAmila karanA hogA aura isa se atirikta saba kathAnakoM ko dUsare vibhAga meN| kahAvalI ko dasare vibhAga se prAcIna ginanI caahiye| bhASA kI dRSTi se vaha caNiyoM se jyAdA milatI hai| aura isameM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke bAre meM granthakAra ne "saMpayaM devaloyaM gazro" aisA nirdeza kiyA hai| ataH kahAvalIkAra aura jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa ke bIca meM pA~ca zatAbdi kA antara mAna lenA ucita nhiiN| 4 pahale vibhAga se sambandha rakhanevAlI haiM kalpasUtra-sthavirAvalI, aura nandIsUtra kI pdmaavlii| dasarI paTTAvaliyoM se ye donoM jyAdA prAcIna haiN| duHSamAkAla zrIzramaNasaMghastotra aura hemacandrAcArya kI sthavirAvalI 44. vizeSa carcA ke lie dekhiye, jaina satyaprakAza (ahamadAbAda), varSa 17 aMka 4 (jAnyupArI, 1952), pR086-61)

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prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha bhI isa vibhAga se jyAdA sambandha rakhanevAle haiN| merutuGga kI vicArazreNi ityAdi dUsare vibhAga meM haiM kyoM ki una granthakAroM ke lie paramparA jyAdA vicchinna rUpa meM thiiN| hama dekhate haiM ki jyoM jyoM prAcIna zrAcAryoM ke sAtha uttarakAlIna granthakAroM kA adhika vyavadhAna hotA jAtA hai tyoM tyoM prAcIna paramparA kI bAtoM kA adhika lopa hotA jAtA hai| aura paTTAvalI jitanI arvAcIna utanI hI adhika avizvasanIya hotI hai| ratnasaJcayaprakaraNa (vikrama kI 15-16 zatAbdI) meM cAra kAlakAcAryoM kA samaya nirdiSTa hai| jaba unase prAcIna granthakAra tIna kAlakAcAryoM kA samaya dete haiN| merutuMga ke sAmane bhI vicchinna paramparA thI aura bahuta virodhAbhAsavAlI bAteM bhI inakI likhI huI vicArazreNi meM dekhane milatI hai| mani kalyANavijayajI ne apane "vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAla-gaNanA" ke pR. 55-57. pAdanoMdha 47 meM yaha spaSTa rUpa se batAyA hai| aisI paristhiti meM hameM prathama vibhAga ke granthoM aura granthakAroM ke AdhAra se hI chAnabina karake anumAna karanA ThIka hogaa| Arya kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAyeM mukhyataH sAta haiN| dUsare dUsare saMdoM meM aura kathAnakoM meM ye sAta ghaTanAyeM milatI haiM, jaisA ki muni kalyANavijaya ne bhI batAyA hai| ve ghaTanAyeM nimnalikhita haiM (1) datta rAjA ke sAmane yajJaphala aura datta mRtyu-viSayaka bhaviSya-kathana (nimitta kthn)| (2) indra ke sAmane nigoda-vyAkhyAna zakra-saMstuta nigoda-vyAkhyAtA Arya kaalk| (3) zrAjIvikoM se nimitta paThana aura tadanantara sAtavAhana rAjA ke tIna praznoM kA nimitta-jJAna se uttara denaa| (4) anuyogagrantha-nirmANa / (5) gardabha-rAjA kA ucchedana / (6) pratiSThAnapura jA kara vahA~ sAtavAhana kI vijJapti se pardUSaNA parvatithi jo paccamI thI usake bajAya caturthI krnaa| (7) avinItaziSya-parihAra aura suvarNabhUmi-gamana / (1) turuviNI (yA turumiNI) nagarI ke rAjA jitazatru ko prapaJca se haThAkara kAlaka ke bhAgineya datta ne rAjya liyA aura bahuta yajJa kiye| garva se datta ne kAlakAcArya ko ina yajJoM kA phala puuchaa| jaba kAlaka ne kahA ki sAta dina meM datta bUrI taraha maregA taba kAlakAcArya ko kaida kiyA gayA magara ThIka vaise hI bUre hAla datta mArA gayA jaisA ki kAlaka kA kathana thaa| satya-kathana, samyak-kathana ke dRSTAnta meM yaha kathA dI gaI hai| (2) isa ghaTanA meM camatkAra kA tattva jyAdA hone se isakA aitihAsika aMza pakar3anA muzkila hai| kathA aisI hai ki eka samaya indra ne pUrvavidehakSetra meM viharamAna tIrthaGkara sImandharasvAmI se nigoda-jIvoM ke viSaya meM sUkSma nirUpaNa sunaa| phira indra ne pUchA taba uttara milA ki usa samaya bhArata meM aisA sUkSma nirUpaNa karanevAle sirpha kAlakAcArya the| kutUhala se indra brAhmaNa ke rUpa meM Arya kAlaka ke pAsa gayA aura pRcchA karake nigoda-vyAkhyAna inase sunaa| bAda meM indra ne apanA zeSa AyuSya kitanA rahA hai aisI jaba pRcchA kI taba prAcArya ne apane jJAna se dekhA ki do sAgaropama aAyuSya abhI usa brAhmaNa ke lie zeSa thA jo indra kA hI ho sakatA hai| ataH zrAcArya ne kahA-"zrApa to indra haiN|" prasanna ho kara indra calA gyaa| kathA ke camatkArika tattva ko chor3a deM to isa meM se do bAteM phalita hotI haiM vaha yAda rakhanA cAhiye-eka hai kAlakAcArya kA nigoda-jIvoM ke bAre meM sarvazreSTha jJAna aura dUsarA hai unakA jyotissjnyaan-nimittjnyaan|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya (3 aura 4) prasaGgoM kA vRttAnta hama paJcakalpabhASya aura cUrNi ke AdhAra se dekha cuke haiN| ina donoM ghaTanAoM meM Arya kAlaka ke nimittajJAna kA spaSTa nirdeza hai aura inake anuyoga-nirmANa kA ullekha bhI hai| inake lokAnuyoga meM bhI nimittazAstra thaa| . ghaTanA (2) meM Arya kAlaka ke nimittajJAna kA mahattva sUcita hai hii| ataH (3) aura (4) ghaTanAoM ko bhI (2) ke sAtha hI jor3anA hogaa| yajJaphalakathanavAlI ghaTanA (1) meM bhI nimittajJAna kA mahatva batAyA gayA hai| ataH ghaTanA (1) se (4) eka hI kAlaMka ke jIvana kI honI caahiye| nigodavyAkhyAtA Arya kAlaka ke viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI likhate haiM :--"inako nirvANa se 335 veM varSa ke anta meM yugapradhAnapada milA aura 41 varSa taka ye isa pada para raheM, jaisA ki sthavirAvalI kI gAthA meM kahA hai| 46 parantu vicArazreNi ke pariziSTa meM eka gAthA hai jo inakA vI0ni0320 meM honA pratipAdita karatI hai| pAThakoM ke vilokanArtha vaha gAthA nIce uddhRta kI jAtI hai sirivIrajiNiMdAzro, varisasayA tinnivIsa (320) ahiyaatro| kAlayasUrI jAtro, sakko paDibohiyo jeNa // 1 // mAlUma hotA hai ki isa gAthA kA zrAzaya kAlakasUri ke dIkSA samaya ko nirUpaNa karane kA hogaa|" Age munijI likhate haiM-"ratnasaJcaya meM 4 saMgRhIta gAthAeM haiM, jina meM vIra nirvANa se 335,454,720, aura 663 meM kAlakAcAryanAmaka AcAryoM ke hone kA nirdeza hai| ina meM pahale aura dUsare samaya meM honevAle kAcArya kramazaH nigoda vyAkhyAtA aura gaddebhillocchedaka kAlakAcArya haiN| 47 isameM to koI sandeha nahIM hai para 720 varSavAle kAlakAcArya ke astitva ke bAre meM abhI taka koI pramANa nahIM milaa| dUsare isa gAthokta kAlakAcArya ko zakra-saMstuta likhA hai jo ThIka nahIM kyoMki zakasaMstuta aura nigodavyAkhyAtA eka hI the jo pannavaNAkartA aura zyAmAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha the aura unakA samaya vIrAt 335 se 376 taka nizcita hai| isase isa gAthokta samaya ke kAlakAcArya ke viSaya meM sampUrNa sandeha hai|" 48 munijI uttarAdhyayana-niyukti kI nimnalikhita gAthA (naM. 120) ko uddhRta karate haiM "ujeNi kAlakhamaNA, sAgarakhamaNA suvannabhUmIe / iMdo AuyasesaM pucchai sAdivvakaraNaM ca // " uttarAdhyayana-sUtra, vibhAga 1, (de. lA. pu0 naM. 33, bambaI 1616), pR0 125-127. isa niyukti-gAthA se spaSTa hai ki niyuktikAra ke mata se suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle, sAgara ke dAdAguru AryakAlaka aura nigoda-vyAkhyAtA zakra-saMstuta AryakAlaka eka hI vyakti haiN| kintu munijI ko yaha maMjUra nahIM hai, ve isa niyuktigAthA para likhate haiM- "isa gAthA meM sAgara ke 45. muni kalyANavijaya, "vIra nirvANa saMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA (jAlora, vi0 saM0 1981), pR0 64, pAdanoMdha 46. 46. gAthA ke lie dekho, vahI, pR0 61. yahA~ Aryasahasti ke bAda guNasuMdara varSa 44 aura unake bAda nigodavyAkhyAtA kAlakAcArya varSa 41, unake bAda khaMdila (saMDila yA sAMDilya) 38 varSa taka yugapradhAna rahe aisA kahA gayA hai| saMDila ke bAda revatImitra yugapradhAna rahe / 47. ratnasacayaprakaraNa kI gAthAyeM Age dI gaI haiN| 48. vIra nirvANasaMvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA pR064-65 /

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prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha dAdAguru kAlakAcArya ke sAtha indra kA prazna Adi honA likhA hai, gaIbhillocchedaka, caturthI paryuSaNAkAraka aura avinIta-ziSya parihAraka eka hI kAlakAcArya the, jo 453 meM vidyamAna the aura zyAmAcArya kI apekSA dUsare the| prastuta sthavirAvalI kI gAthA meM prathama kAlakAcArya ko nigodavyAkhyAtA likhA hai jo ki isa viSaya kA eka spaSTa matabheda hai|" 49 vAstava meM munijI ke lie uttarAdhyayana niyukti ke isa vidhAna ko chor3akara anya kalpanA karane kA ucita nahIM hai kyoM ki niyukti kA pramANa merutuGga kI aura dUsarI madhyakAlI paTTAvaliyoM se prAcIna aura jyAdA vizvasanIya hai| phira bhI yahA~ eka bAta ko dekhanA jurUrI hogA ki manijI ke khayAla se bhI gaIbhillocchedaka, avinItaziSya-parihAraka (suvarNabhUmi ko jAnevAle) aura caturthI pa!SaNakAraka kAlakAcArya eka hI vyakti the| (5) aba naM 5 Adi ghaTanAyeM dekheN| zakakuloM ko bhArata meM lA kara gardabharAjA kA uccheda karane kI kathA itihAsa vidoM ko supratIta hai| vahA~ bhI nimitta aura vidyAjJAna kA upayoga hotA hai| hama dekha cuke haiM ki bRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi meM isa ghaTanA kA aura naM. 7 kI ghaTanA kA ullekha hai magara donoM meM se eka bhI granthakAra ina donoM ghaTanAvAle kAlaka ke bhinna bhinna hone kA koI sUcana nahIM dete| aura jaba uttarAdhyayana-niyukti naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAle kAlakAcArya ko eka hI vyakti mAnatI hai taba naM. 5, naM. 7 aura naM. 2 vAle kAlaka eka hI haiN| (6) naM.6 vAlI ghaTanA meM kahA gayA hai ki balamitra-bhAnumitra nAmaka apane bhAgineya rAjAoM se nArAja ho kara Arya kAlaka pratiSThAnapura jAne ko nikle| balamitra ke purohita ne jaina muniyoM ko akalpya AhAra dilavAnA zurU kiyA jisase sAdhuoM ko bhUkhe rahanA pdd'aa| ataH kAlakAcArya ne pratiSThAnapura jAne ke lie vihAra kiyaa| vahA~ ke rAjA sAlAhaNa (sAtavAhana-jo jaina dharma kI ora, vizeSataH AryakAlaka kI ora, abhiruci rakhatA hogA) ko prAcArya ne kahA ki bhAdrapada zukla paJcamI ko payUSaNa parva kro| rAjA ne kahA ki usa nagara meM vaha tithi aAma prajA meM indra mahotsava kA parva manAI jAtI hai isa lie prAcArya kI aAjJAnusAra paryuSaNAparva usa dina manAnA muzkila hogaa| rAjA ne dUsare dina parva manAne kI anujJA maaNgii| Arya kAlaka ne kahA ki tithi kA atikrama nahIM ho sakatA ataH pUrva dina ko-caturthI ko-- paryaSaNA parva manAyo aura usa dina vidhipUrvaka zramaNoM ko AhAra bhI do| isa taraha prasaGgavaza kAlakAcArya ne caturthI mnaaii| aura usa dina se vaha tithi zramaNapUjA-parva rUpa se mahArASTra meM pracalita huii| jaise pahale kahA gayA hai, sirpha prabhAvaka prAcArya hI aise nirNaya de sakate haiM, jo yugapradhAna prAcArya hoM, bar3e zrutadhara hoN| aura yahA~ bhI tithinirNaya kA prasaGga hone se yaha jyotiSazAstra--muhUrta aura nimitta-ko jAnanevAle Arya kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanA hI ho sakatI hai| phira yaha supratIta hai ki naM.5 kI gardabharAjocchedavAlI ghaTanA meM balamitra-bhAnumitra kA nirdeza hone se naM. 5 aura naM. 6 ke Arya kAlaka eka hI vyakti haiM aura isa taraha jaise ki hama pIche dekha cuke haiM naM. 5, naM. 6, naM. 7 zrIra naM. 2 vAlI ghaTanAoM ke kAlaka, eka hI haiN| naM. 3 aura 4 vAlI ghaTanAoM ke Arya kAlaka anuyogakAra haiM unakA aura suvarNa bhUmi jAnevAle (naM.7) kAlaka kA eka honA to pahile hI dekha cuke haiN| naM. 1 vAlI ghaTanA vistAra se Age dekheNge| anayogakAra kAlaka nimittajJAnI haiM aura naM. 1 meM yajJaphala batalAne vAle kAlaka bhI samartha nimittajJAnI haiN| ataH vAstava meM ghaTanA naM. 1 se 7 ke nAyaka eka hI Arya kAlaka hoNge| yahI yukti-saGgata lagatA hai| 46. vahI, pR064-65 paadnoNdh|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 113 isI DhaMga se anveSaNa karane kA aura isa prazna kA nirAkaraNa karane kA prayatna muni kalyANavijayajI ne bhI kiyaa| muni jI ke khayAla se do kAlakAcArya hue| magara jisa tarka se ve dUsare kAlaka ke sAtha bhinna ghaTanAoM ko jor3ate haiM isI tarkapaddhati se vAstava meM eka hI kAlaka ke sAtha saba ghaTanAoM kA sambandha siddha hotA hai, usa kAlaka kA samaya kucha bhI ho / " eka se jyAdA kAlakAcArya kI samasyA kI upasthiti bAda ke granthakAroM ke kAraNa aura kAlagaNanAoM meM honevAlI gar3abar3a ke kAraNa, khar3I huI hai| munijI ke tarka ko aura nirNaya ko savistara dekhane ke pahale hama yahA~ yaha batalAnA cAhate haiM ki hamArA ukta anumAna munijI kI tarkapaddhati se hI kiyA gayA hai| Apa likhate haiM- " garddabhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA meM yaha likhA hai ki ye kAlaka jyotiSa aura nimittazAstra ke prakhara vidvAn the| udhara pA~cavIM ghaTanA kAlaka ke nimittazAstrAdhyayana kA hI pratipAdana karatI hai| isase yaha bAta nirvivAda hai ki ina donoM ghaTanAoM kA sambandha eka hI kAlakAcArya se | 150 jaba isI tarka se saba ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTita hotI haiM, taba kucha ghaTanAyeM pahile kAlakaparaka aura anya saba dUsare kAlakaparaka mAnanA aisA muni jI kA anumAna yuktisaGgata nahIM hai / satra ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI haiM aise nirNaya ko dUsarI dRSTi se bhI puSTi milatI hai / hamane pahale batAyA hai usa taraha pahile vibhAga ke saMdarbhoM (niryukti, cUrNi, bhASya, kahAvalI ityAdi) ko dekheM to koI bhI granthakAra do kAlaka kI hastI dikhalAte hI nahIM / una saba saMdarbhoM kI chAnabIna karanI caahiye| hareka granthakAra bhinna bhinna viSaya kI carcA meM, kAlaka ke jIvana kI eka yA do yA tIna ghaTanAyeM dete haiM aura hareka granthakAra ke mata se ye ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka kI haiM kyoMki unhoMne virodhAtmaka sUcana diyA hI nahIM aura na inako aisI zaGkA utpanna ho sakatI thI / atra dekheM ki prAcIna grantha meM kaunasI ghaTanA hai 1. dazAcUrNi - isameM ghaTanA naM. 6 - caturthIkaraNa -- milatI hai / ( 2. vRhatkalpabhASya aura cUrNi -- ghaTanA naM0 7 aura ghaTanA naM0 5 - garcha bhillocched| isa ke alAvA yavarAjA, gardabha - yuvarAja aura DoliyA vAlA kathAnaka gardabha kA gardabharAjoccheda se sambandha hai magara usa vRttAnta meM kAlaka kA prasaGga nahIM hai ) / yaha yavarAja aura gardabha vAlA vRttAnta hamane yahA~ pariziSTa meM diyA hai, garchabhilloM ke viSaya meM Age ke saMzodhana meM paNDitoM kI suvidhA ke khayAla se / 3. paJcakalpabhASya aura cUrNi - ghaTanA naM0 3- nimittapaThana, aura ghaTanA naM0 4 - anuyogagranthAdi nirmANa. 4. uttarAdhyayana niryukti aura cUrNi - ghaTanA naM0 7 - zravinIta ziSya parihAra, suvarNabhUmigamana; aura ghaTanA naM0 2 -- nigoda vyAkhyAna. 5. nizIthacUrNi ghaTanA naM0 5 - garcha bhilloccheda aura ghaTanA naM0 6 - caturthIkaraNa. 6. vyavahAra - cUrNi - zrArya kAlaka ujjaina meM zakoM ko lAye aisA ullekha hai ataH vaha ghaTanA naM0 5 se sambandha rakhatI hai| 7. zrAvazyaka cUrNi -- ghaTanA naM0 1 - datta ke sAmane yajJaphalakathana. 50. dekhiye, muni kalyANavijaya, Arya kAlaka, dvivedI abhinandana grantha, ( nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI, saM0 1660 ) pR0 115.

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114 prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha 8. kahAvalI-ghaTanA naM05-gaIbhoccheda; ghaTanA naM06-caturthIkaraNa; ghaTanA naM07-avinIta ziSyaparihAra, suvarNabhUmigamana; ghaTanA naM0 1-kAlaka aura dattarAjA. aba jaba paJcakalpabhASya ke anusAra naM0 3 aura 4 vAle kAlaka eka haiM, uttarAdhyayana niyukti ke anusAra naM07 aura naM0 2 vAle eka haiM, aura jaba naM07 vAlI ghaTanA kA naM. 3 aura naM0 4 ke anuyogagranthoM se sambandha hai taba naM0 3, 4, 7, aura 2-ye saba ghaTanAe~ ekakAlakaparaka hotI haiN| nizIthacUrNi anusAra naM05 aura naM06 vAle Arya kAlaka eka haiN| aura bRhatkalpabhASya ke anusAra naM05 aura naM07 vAle eka haiM, ataH naM05, 6 aura naM0 7 vAle kAlaka to eka haiM hii| uttarAdhyayana niyukti aura cUrNa ke mata se naM07 aura naM0 2 vAle eka haiM / ataH naM0 5, 6, 7, 2 vAle eka hI kAlaka haiN| phira naM. 3 aura 4 vAle naM0 7 vAle kAlaka haiM vaha to spaSTa hai| 5. munizrI kalyANavijayajI ko yaha maMjUra hai| aura kahAvalI ke anusAra, naM0 5, naM06, naM0 7 aura naM0 1 vAle kAlaka eka haiN| ataH isa vibhAga ke granthoM ke samIkSaNa se ina granthakAroM ke khayAla meM ghaTanA naM0 1 se ghaTanA naM. 7 vAlI saba ghaTanA vAle kAlakAcArya eka hI hoNge| vaha kAlaka kaba hue| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke mata se do kAlakAcArya hue-pahale nirvANa saMvat 300 se 376 taka meM, ina kA janma ni0 saM0 280 meM, dIkSA ni0 saM0 300 meM, yugapradhAnapada ni0 saM0 335 meM aura svargavAsa ni0 saM0 376 meN| unake jIvana kI do ghaTanAe~ : ghaTanA naM0 1yajJaphalakathana, aura ghaTanA naM0 2-nigodavyAkhyAna / 12 ___munijI ke mata se, dUsare kAlaka ke jIvana meM ghaTanA 3 se 7 huii| aura ve ghaTanAyeM isa kramase huI :-ghaTanA 3 (nimitta-paThana), vIra nirvANa saMvat 453 se pahale; ghaTanA 4 (anuyoga-nirmANa), ni0 saM0 453 se pahale; ghaTanA 5 (gaIbhilloccheda), ni0 saM0 453 meM; ghaTanA 6 (caturthI paryuSaNA), 0 saM0 451 se 465 ke bIca meM; ghaTanA 1 (avinIta-ziSya-parihAra), ni0 saM0 451 ke bAda aura 465 ke pahale / zrApa likhate haiM-" jahA~ taka hama jAna sake haiM, uparyukta sAta ghaTanAoM ke sAtha do hI vyaktiyoM kA va hai-prajJApanAkartA zyAmArya aura sarasvatI-bhrAtA Arya kaalk| nigoda-pRcchA sambandhaka ghaTanA, jo kAlaka-kathAoM meM cauthI ghaTanA kahI gaI hai, hamArI samajha meM Arya rakSita ke caritra kA anukaraNa hai| parantu isa viSaya meM nizcita mata denA dussAhasa hogA kyoM ki 'uttarAdhyayana-niyukti meM eka gAthA hameM upalabdha hotI hai, jisakA zrAzaya yaha hai--"ujjayinI meM kAlaka kSamAzramaNa the aura suvarNabhUmi meM sAgara zramaNa / (kAlaka suvarNabhUmi gaye, aura indra ne zrA kara) zeSa AyuSya ke viSaya meM puuchaa| (taba kAlaka ne kahA) Apa indra haiN| xxx isa varNana se yaha to mAnanA par3egA ki kAlaka ke pAsa indrAgamana-viSayaka bAta 51. avinItaziSya-parihAra (aura suvarNabhUmigamana) vAlI ghaTanA aura nimitta paThana aura anuyoganirmANavAlI ghaTanA ko chAnabIna kara ke munizrI likhate haiM-" ina donoM ghaTanAoM kA Antarika rahasya eka hI hai aura vaha yaha ki kAlaka ke ziSya unake kAbU meM na the|" isa nayAla ko le kara munijI ne bhI batAyA hai ki ye ghaTanAyeM eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI haiN| dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 115. 52. vahI, pR0 116-117. 53. vahI, pR0 116-117.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 115 bhI prAcIna hai / 54 uparyukta ghaTanA se yaha bhI jAnA jAtA hai ki sAgara ke dAdA- guru dUsare zrArya kAlaka ke sAtha isa ghaTanA kA sambandha hai / parantu hama pahale hI kaha cuke haiM ki yugapradhAna sthavirAvalI meM "zyAmArya" nAmaka prathama kAlaka ko nigoda vyAkhyAtA kahA hai| aisI dazA meM nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki nigodavyAkhyAtA kAlakAcArya pahile the yA dUsare / "55 munijI ke ukta vidhAna meM vAstava meM AkharI vAkya kI jarUrata hI nahIM, kyoM ki nigodavyAkhyAna kA sambandha zyAmArya se ho sakatA hai athavA zrArya rakSita se| hameM yaha bhI yAda rakhanA cAhiye ki isa ghaTanA meM indra apanA zeSa zrAyuSya pUchatA hai jo vAstava meM jyotiSa aura nimittazAstra kA viSaya hai / suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle aura anuyoga nirmAtA zrArya kAlaka eka hI the aura ve nimittajJAnI the yaha to hama dekha cuke haiM aura ghaTanA 3 se ghaTanA 7 vAle kAlaka eka hI haiM vaha to munijI ko bhI maMjUra hai / aba agara hama siddha kara sakeM ki anuyoga nirmAtA zrArya kAlaka vaha zyAmArya hI ho sakate haiM taba ghaTanA 3 se ghaTanA 7 vAle kAlaka ko bhI zyAmArya mAnanA pdd'egaa| aura uttarAdhyayananiryukti-gAthA - ( jo prAcIna hone se jyAdA vizvasanIya honI cAhiye ) bhI saccI siddha hogI / hama kaha cuke haiM ki zrArya rakSita ne anuyoga- pRthaktva kiyA aura anuyoga ke cAra bhAga kiye| zrArya rakSita kA samaya hai zrArya vajra ke bAda kA, matalaba ki ni0 saM0 584 se 597 AsapAsa, 56 I0 sa0 57 se 70 AsapAsa / zrArya kAlaka ne lokAnuyoga, gaNDikAnuyoga, prathamAnuyoga Adi kA nirmANa kiyA jaisA ki paJcakalpabhASya meM kahA gayA hai| isa ke bAda hI anuyoga pRthaktva ho sakatA hai| kAlaka ke anuyoga ke rakSita ke anuyoga pRthak va se pUrvavartI hone kA eka aura pramANa bhI milatA hai| isa viSaya meM muni zrI kalyANa vijayajI ne likhA hai ki- " nandIsUtra meM mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyoga kA ullekha milatA hai / vahA~ prathamAnuyoga ke sAtha lagA huA 'mUla' zabda nandI ke racanAkAla meM do prathamAnuyogoM ke astitva kI gUr3ha sUcanA detA hai| yadyapi TIkAkAra isa 'mUla' zabda kA prayoga tIrthakaroM ke artha meM batAte haiM, tathApi vastusthiti kucha aura hI mAlUma hotI hai / 57 zrAvazyaka niryukti Adi jaina siddhAnta-granthoM meM yaha bAta spaSTa likhI milatI hai ki zrArya rakSita sUrijI ne anuyoga ko cAra vibhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA thA 58 54. vAstava meM isa ghaTanA kA Arya rakSita se sambandha taba jor3A gayA jaba kAlaka ke anuyoga kA sthAna Arya rakSita ke anuyoga - pRthaktva ne liyA / ataH uttarAdhyayana-niryukti-gAthA meM zaGkA rakhane kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| 55. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 114 / 56. dekhiye, paTTAvalI samuccaya, siri dusamAkAla- samaya saMgha thayaM, pR0 11-18. 57. nandIsUtra kA yaha ullekha aisA hai : se kiM taM aNuoge ? aNuoge duvihe paNNatte / taM jahA - mUlapaDhamANuoge, gaMDiyAoge ya // se kiM taM mUlapaDhamANuoge ? mUlapaDhamANuoge NaM arahaMtANaM bhagavaMtANaM punvabhavA devagamaNAraM AuMcavaNAI jammaNANi zrabhisebhA rAyavarasirIo pavvajjAo......evamAibhAvA mUlapaDhamANuoge kahizrA, se ttaM mUla paDhamAoge, se kiM taM gaMDiANuoge ? 2 kulagaragaMDiyA tithatyaragaDio cakkavaTTigaDio dasAragaMDiyA baladevaDio, vAsudevaDio gaNadhara gaDio bhaddabAhugaMDiyA tavokammagar3iyAo... se taM gaMDANuoge, se taM annuoge| - nandIsUtra ( Agamodaya samiti, sUrata) sU, 53, pR. 237 - 238 aura pR0 241 para kI TIkA. 58. yaha gAthA aisI hai -- devidavaMdipa hi mahANubhAgehi rakikhajjehiM / jugamAsajja vibhatto zraNuogo to kao cauhA // - Avazyaka hAribhadrayavRtti, pR0 266, niyukti gAthA, 114.

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prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha jisa ke eka vibhAga kA nAma 'dharmakathAnuyoga' thaa| isa dharmakathAnuyoga meM uttarAdhyayana, RSibhASita Adi sUtroM ko rakkhA thA 59 / parantu nandIsUtra meM mUlaprathamAnuyoga kA jo varNana diyA hai vaha isa AryarakSitavAle dharmakathAnuyoga ke sAtha mela nahIM khAtA " ye nAma kAlaka ke anuyogoM ke haiM, AryarakSita ke cAra anuyoga bhinna bhinna nAmoM se pichAne gaye haiN| hama dekhate haiM ki nandIsUtrakAra ke kathanAnusAra mUlaprathamAnuyoga meM tIrthaGkara, gaNadhara, pUrvadhara, Adi ke anazana Adi viSayoM kA varNana hai| Arya kAlaka ke 'prathamAnuyoga' meM bhI hama dekha cuke haiM ki tIrthaGkara, cakravartI, vAsudeva Adi ke pUrvabhavoM aura caritroM kA varNana thA, jaisA ki paJcakalpabhASya kA kahanA hai| ataH vAstava meM nandIsUtra meM mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaMDikAnuyoga ke nirdeza meM sUtrakAra Arya kAlaka ke anuyoga-granthoM kA hI ullekha kara rahe the aura isI lie inhoMne mUla-prathamAnuyoga aisA zabdaprayoga kiyaa| kyoM ki ye mUlaprathamAnuyoga aura gaNDikAnuyogakAra Arya kAlaka Arya rakSita se pUrvavartI hI ho sakate haiM ataH ve (munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke) prathama kAlaka-Arya zyAma hI ho sakate haiN| jaba anuyoga nirmAtA (ghaTanA 4) Arya kAlaka vaha zyAmArya hI haiM taba pUrvAkta prakAra se ghaTanA 3 se ghaTanA 7 vAle Arya kAlaka bhI vahI zyAmArya hI haiN| isa saba carcA se phalita hotA hai ki AryakAlaka kAlpanika nahIM kintu aitihAsika vyakti haiM jinhoM ne mUla prathamAnuyoga Adi kA nirmANa kiyA aura jinakA nandIsUtrakAra bhI pramANa dete haiN| inake lokAnuyoga meM nimittazAstra thA aisA paJcakalpabhASya kA pramANa hai| usI nimittazAstra ke eka viSaya-pravrajyA-ke bAre meM kAlaka ke mata kA anusaraNa varAhamihira ne kiyA aura usI viSaya kI gAthAyeM bhI hameM utpalabhaTTa kI TIkA meM prApta hotI haiN| ina saba sAkSiyoM ke sAmane Arya kAlaka ke aitihAsika vyakti hone ke bAre meM aba koI bhI zaMkA nahIM rhtii| aura anuyogakAra kAlaka vaha AryarakSita ke pUrvavartI zyAmArya (prathama kAlaka) hI haiN| ataH ghaTanA 3 se 7 vAle kAlaka bhI zyAmArya haiM na ki munijI ke dvitIya kaalk| prAcIna aura arvAcIna paNDitoM-granthakAroM ke mata se zyAmArya prathama kAlakAcArya mAne jAte haiN| rya zyAma aura Arya kAlaka ye donoM nAma paryAyarUpa se eka hI vyakti ke lie upayoga meM liye gaye haiN| isI taraha sAgara kA paryAya hotA hai smudr| kisI bhI paTTAvalI meM hameM Arya kAlaka ke praziSya Arya sAgara nahIM milate kintu Arya zyAma ke praziSya Arya samudra avazya milate haiN| aura yaha ullekha bhI nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvalI meM hai jo prAcIna bhI hai aura vizvasanIya bhii| nandIsUtra paTTAvalI kA ullekha dekhanA cAhiye hAriyaguttaM sAI ca, vaMdimo hAriyaM ca sAmajjaM / vande kosiyagotaM, saMDillaM ajja jIyadharaM // 26 // 56. dekho--kAliyasuyaM ca isibhAsiyAI taio ya suurpnnnnttii| savvo ya dihivAo cauttho hoi annuogo|| --AvazyakasUtra, hAribhadrIyavRtti, pR0 306, mUlabhASyagAthA, 124. AryarAkSitakRta cAra anuyogoM ke nAma haiM-caraNakaraNAnuyoga, dharmakathAnuyoga, kAlAnuyoga aura drvyaanuyog| 60. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 106-107 / munijI likhate haiM--" yadyapi AvazyakamUlabhASya meM 'caraNakaraNAnuyoga' pahilA kahA gayA hai aura dharmakathAnuyoga' dUsarA, tathApi isa kathAnuyoga ko prathamAnuyoga kahane se yaha zAta hotA hai ki pahale ke cAra anuyogoM meM dharmakathAnuyoga' kA naMbara pahilA hogaa| -vahI, pR0 106, pAdanoMdha 3

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya tisamuddakhAkittiM dIvasamuddesu gahiyapeyAlaM / vande ajjasamudde, kkhubhiyasamuddagaMbhIraM // 17 // 61 uparyukta gAthAoM meM zyAmArya ke bAda saMDilla ( zANDilya ) aura unake bAda zrArya samudra ko pAte haiM / zrArya zyAma ko prathama kAlaka mAnanevAle ( arthAt "zyAma" aura " kAlaka " ko eka hI vyakti ke nAma ke paryAya ginanevAle) meM munizrI kalyANa vijayajI, DaoN0 DablyU 0 naoNrmana brAuna Adi saba Adhunika paNDita sammata haiM / jaina paramparA meM bhI yahI dekhane milatA hai / 2 sthavirAvaliyoM, paTTAvaliyoM ke anusAra prathama kAla Urpha zyAma guNasundara ke anuvartI sthavira aura paTTadhara haiN| 3 merutuGga kI vicArazreNi meM bhI 117 ajjamahAgiri tIsaM, ajjasuhatthINa varisa chAyAlA / guNa suMdara cAlA, evaM tisayA paNatIsA // tatto igacAlIsaM, nigoya-vakkhAya kAlagAyarizro / hattI khaMdila (saMDila), evaM causaya cauddasaya // revaimitte chattIsa, ajjamaMgu vIsa evaM tu / causaya sattari, causaya tipanne kAlago jAzro || cavIsa jjadhamme eguNacAlIsa bhaddagutte a / 64 jaina sAhitya - saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2, aGka 3-4, pariziSTa ratnasaJcaya - prakaraNa (anumAna se vikrama 16 vIM zatAbdi), jisameM cAra kAlakAcAryoM kA ullekha hai, usameM bhI prathama kAlaka zyAmArya hI mAne gaye haiM 61. nandI sUtra ( Agamodayasamiti, sUrata, I0 sa0 1617 ), pR0 46. paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1, ( sampAdaka, mu0 darzanavijaya, vIramagAma, I0 sa0 1633 ), pR0 13. DaoN0 pITarasana, e tharDa rIporTa oNpha oNparezansa ina sarca oNpha saMskRta menyuskripTsa ina dha baoNmbe sarkala, (bambaI, I0 sa0 1881 ) meM pR0 303 para, vinayacandra ( vi0 saM0 1325 ) racita kalpAdhyayanadurgapadanirukta ke avataraNa meM kisI sthavirAvalI kI gAthAyeM haiM, jahA~ sUribalirasaha sAI sAmajjo saMDilo ya jIyadharo / ajjasamuddo maMgU naMdillo nAgaitthI ya // 2 // aisA pAyA jAtA hai / yahI gAthA merutuGga kI vicArazreNi-antargata sthavirAlI meM bhI hai| 62. dekho, brAuna, dha sTori oNpha kAlaka, pR0 5-6 aura pAdanoMdha / 63. vahI, pR0 5. zrI dharmasAgaragaNi-kRta tapAgaccha - paTTAvalI meM bhI " atra zrIzrAryasuhastizrI vajrasvAminorantarAle 1 guNasundarasUriH, 2 zrIkAlikAcArya:, 3 zrIskandilAcAryaH, 4 zrIrevatImitra sUriH, 5 zrIdharmasUriH " aisA batAyA gayA hai - paTTAvalI-samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 16 / 64. DA0 bhAu dAjI ne jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe brAnca oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTi vaoN0 pR0 147-157 meM merutuGga kI sthavirAvalI kA vivaraNa kiyA hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne apane vIra - nirvANa samvat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR0 61 para sthavirAvalI yA yugapadhAnapaTTAvalI kI gAthAyeM dI haiM, ve vahI haiM jo merutuGga ne dI haiM / zyAmArya hue Arya mahAgiri kI paramparA meM jo vAcakavaMza rUpa se pichAnA gayA hai, merutuGga ne Arya mahAgiri kI zAkhA ke sthaviroM kI alaga gAthAyeM bhI dI haiM :-- " sUri balissaha sAI sAmajjo saMDilo ya jIyadharo / ajjasamuddo maMgu naMdillo nAgaitthI / " ityAdi, dekho, jainasAhitya saMzodhaka, 2, 3-4, pariziSTa, pR0 5 /

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118 prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha sirivIrAzro gaesu paNatIsasahiesu tisaya (335) varisesu / paDhamo kAlagasUrI, jAno sAmajjanAmutti // 55 // causaya tipanna (453) varise kAlagaguruNA sarassai ghishraa| causayasattari varise vIrAno vikkamo jAtro // 56 // paMceva varisasae, siddhaseNo divAyaro jaao| sattasayavIsa (720) ahie kAligagurU skksNthunnishro|| 57 / / navasayateNauehiM (663), samaikkaMtehi vddhmaannaao| pajjosavaNacautthI, kAlikasUrIhiMto ThavizrA // 58 // 65 kAlakAcArya-kathAnakoM meM kAlaka ke guru kA nAma guNAkara, yA guNasundara, yA guNandhara milatA hai| devacandrasUri Adi racita sarva kAlakakathAnakoM ke nAyaka vahI Arya kAlaka the jinake guru guNAkara, guNasundara aAdi nAmoM se uddiSTa the| aura jaba Arya zyAma ko prathama kAlaka mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai aura jaba inhI kAlaka ke guru yA purogAmI paTTadhara sthavira Arya guNasundara the, taba yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki kAlaka-kathAnakoM meM uddiSTa (sarva ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka) Arya kAlaka zyAmArya hI haiN| kisI kathAkAra ne aisA nahIM batalAyA ki bhinna bhinna ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka bhinna bhinna kAlaka the| sarva kathAnakoM meM prathama kAlaka ke janma, dIkSA guru Adi ke nirdeza ke bAda ghaTanAoM ke varNana kramazaH diye gaye haiN| ataH yaha nizcita hai ki kathAnakoM meM varNita ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka yaha kAlaka haiM jo sthavira Arya guNasundara ke anugAmI the aura jinako sthavira Arya zyAma nAma se therAvaliyoM meM vandanA kI gaI hai| sarva therAvaliyoM meM zyAmArya kA krama yA samaya eka hI hai| eka nAma ke eka se jyAdA prAcArya honA sambhavita hai aura aise kaI dRSTAnta jaina dharma ke itihAsa meM maujUda haiN| kAlaka nAma ke bhI dUsare AcArya hue hoMge, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki kathAnakoM ke nAyaka prathama kAlaka hI the| ina prathama kAlaka-Arya zyAma kA samaya ratnasaJcaya prakaraNa kI uparyukta gAthA ke anusAra vIrAta 335 varSa hai| merutuGga kI vicArazreNi ke pariziSTa meM eka gAthA hai sirivIrajiNiMdAzro, varisasayA tinnivIsa (320) ahiyaatro| kAlayasUrI jAtro, sakko paDibohio jenn|| yaha gAthA bhI zyAmArya ko kAlaka mAnatI hai magara unakA samaya vIrAt 320 batAtI hai| munizrI kalyANavijaya likhate haiM-"mAlama hotA hai. isa gAthA kA zrAzaya kAlakasari ke dIkSA samaya kA ni karane kA hogaa|" yaha merutuGga zAyada aJcalagaccha ke haiM aura prabandhacintAmaNi ke kartA merutuGga se bhinna 65. vIra-nirvANa-sambat aura jaina-kAla-gaNanA, pR0 65, pAdanoMdha 46. yaha spaSTa hai ki ratnasaJcayaprakaraNa kI cAra kAlakaviSayaka mAnyatA galata hai| caturthI tithi ko pardUSaNAparva manAne kI hakIkata vIrAt 663 varSa meM hue kAlaka ke sAtha nahIM jor3I jA sakatI, kyoM ki pardUSaNAparvatithi caturthI ko manAnevAle kAlaka sAtavAhana rAjA ke samaya meM hue the| cAra kAlaka kI kalpanA kA nirasana munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne Arya-kAlaka nAmaka lekha meM kiyA hai, dekho dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 14-117 / 66. vIra-nirvANa sambat aura jainakAlagaNanA, pR064, pAdanoMdha 46 / merutuGga kI vicArazreNi, tadantargata sthavirAvalI ityAdi ke bAre meM jarnala oNpha dha baoNmbe brAnca oNpha dha raoNyala eziyATika sosAiTI, bhAga 1 (1867-70) meM DaoN0 bhAu dAjI kA vivecana bhI dekhiye|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya T 68 hoMge aisA khayAla paNDita lAlacandra gAndhI kA hai| ina merutuGga kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1403 se 1471 ke bIca meM hai / 7 inhIM ke AdhAra se zrArya zyAma kA samaya nirNIta karanA ThIka na hogA / kintu saca jainAcArya prathama kAlaka yA zyAmArya kA samaya yahI batalAte haiN| duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNasaGghastotra aura usakI avacUri ke anusAra prathama kAlaka kA yahI samaya hai| nandIsUtrAntargata sthavirAvalI ke anusAra zyAmArya aura sthavira prArya suhasti ke bIca meM balissaha aura svAti hue / merutuGga kI vicArazreNi antargata sthavirAvalI - gAthAnusAra suhasti ke bAda guNasuMdara 44 varSa taka aura prAryakAlaka 41 varSa taka paTTadhara rhe| (prathama) kAlaka yA zyAmArya ke samaya ke viSaya meM to prAcIna arvAcIna sabhI paNDitoM kA khyAla eka-sA hai - inakA yugapradhAnapada vIra- nirvANa saMvat 335 meM aura svargavAsa vI0 ni0 saM0 376 meN| atra jaina paramparA ke anusAra vIra nirvANa kA samaya hai vikrama saMvat se 470 varSa pUrva, ataH I0 sa0 pUrva 527 hogaa| isa hisAba se zyAmArya kA yugapradhAnatva hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151 taka / DA0 yAkobI ke matAnusAra agara vIra nirvANa I0 sa0 pUrva 467 meM huA, to zyAmArya kA samaya hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 taka / uparyukta donoM samaya meM se kaunasA grAhya hai yaha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki vIra nirvANa ke samaya ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| kintu donoM meM se koI bhI samaya grAhya ho, para usase Arya kAlaka kA suvarNabhUmi jAnA sambhava nahIM hai| hama dekha cuke haiM ki I0 sa0 pUrva prathama dvitIya zatAbdi meM bhArata suvarNabhUmi se suparicita thA / hamane yaha bhI jAna liyA hai ki ghaTanA 1 se 7 eka hI kAlaka ke jIvana kI honI cAhiye / tatra gardabha rAjA ke ucchedaka zrArya kAlaka kA samaya bhI I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151 taka yA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 taka ho jAtA hai| zaGkA hogI ki yaha kaise ho sakatA hai ? jaba ki gardabha-rAjA ke ucchedaka kAla ke kathAnaka kA sambandha hai vikrama ke sAtha aura usa vikrama aura zakoM ke punarrAjyasthApana ( zaka saMvat) ke bIca meM 135 varSa kA antara jaina paramparA ko bhI maMjUra hai| kintu yahA~ dekhane kA yaha hai ki kAlaka- kathAnaka kA sambandha hai zakoM ke prathama Agamana aura rAjyasthApana ke sAtha na ki I0 sa0 78 meM jinhoMne zaka saMvat calAyA una zakoM ke saath| muni kalyANavijayajI ne jaina paramparAtroM ko lekara kAlaka, gardabha, vikrama Adi ke samaya nirNaya kA jo prayatna kiyA hai vaha dekhanA caahiye| unhoMne apanA " vIra nirvANasamvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA" nAmaka grantha meM isa viSaya kI carcA meM kahA hai ki puSyamitra zuGga ke rAjya ke 35 veM varSa ke lagabhaga (jo zAyada thA usake rAjya kA AkharI varSa ) " lATa deza kI rAjadhAnI bharukaccha (bharoca) meM balamitra kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA / balamitra - bhAnumitra ke rAjya ke 47 varSa ke AsapAsa ujjayinI meM eka aniSTa ghaTanA ho gii| vahA~ ke garchabhillavaMzIya rAjA darpaNa ne kAlakasUri nAma ke jainAcArya kI bahana sarasvatI sAdhvI ko jabaran par3ade meM DAla diyA / " isake bAda kAlaka ke pArasakUla jA kara zakoM ko bhArata meM lAnevAlI nizIthacUrNi aura kahAvalI meM pAI jAtI hakIkata de kara munijI batalAte haiM ki lATa deza ke 67. pITarasana, riporTa, vaoNlyuma 4, pR0 xcviii / agara prabandhacintAmaNikAra aura vicArazroNikAra eka hoM taba inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1366 hai / 68. paTTAvalI - samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 16-17. vizeSa carcA ke lie dekho, brAuna, dha sTorI oNpha kAlaka, pR0 5-6, aura pAdanoMdha 23 - 33; aura dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 64 - 116 /

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120 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha rAjA balamitra - bhAnumitra Adi bhI zAhoM ke sAtha ho gaye (prastuta viSaya meM kahAvalI kA ullekha - " tAhe je gahillevANiyA lADarAyANo aSNe ya te miliuM savvehiM pi rohiyA ujjeNi / " - munijI ke anumAna kA AdhAra hai ) / vAstava meM kahAvalI meM lATa ke rAjAoM ke nAma nahIM haiN| phira bhI munijI kA anumAna ThIka ho sakatA hai / kAlaka sUri kI sUcanAnusAra garcha bhilla ko padacyuta karake jIvita chor3a diyA gayA aura ujjayinI ke rAjyAsana para usa zAha ko biThAyA gayA jisa ke yahA~ kAlaka Thahare the / munijI khikhate haiM-" ukta ghaTanA balamitra ke rAjyakAla ke 48 varSa ke anta meM ghttii| yaha samaya vIra nirvANa kA 453 vA~ varSa thA / 4 varSa taka zakoM kA adhikAra" rahane ke bAda balamitra - bhAnumitra ne ujjayinI para adhikAra kara liyA aura 8 varSa taka vahA~ rAjya kiyA; bharoja meM 52 varSa aura ujjaina meM varSa, saba mila kara 60 varSa taka balamitra - bhAnumitra ne rAjya kiyA / yahI jainoM kA balamitra pichale samaya meM vikramAditya ke nAma se prasiddha huA / ... cala mitra - bhAnumitra ke bAda ujjayinI ke takhta para nabhaHsena baiThA / nabhaHsena ke pA~caveM varSa meM zaka logoM ne phira mAlavA para hallA kiyA jisakA mAlava prajA ne bahAdurI ke sAtha sAmanA kiyA aura vijaya pAI / isa zAnadAra jIta kI yAda meM mAlava prajA ne 'mAlava saMvat' nAmaka eka saMvatsara bhI lAvA jo bAda meM vikrama saMvat ke nAma se prasiddha huA / "*" 66. vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 54-55 / munizrI pAdanoMdha meM likhate haiM - merutuGga kI vicArazreNi meM dI huI gAthA meM 'sagassa cau' arthAt 'ujjayinI meM zaka kA 4 varSa taka rAjya rahA' isa ullekha se jJAta hotA hai ki ujjayinI zakoM ke hAtha meM cAra varSa taka hI rahI thii| kAlakAcArya kathA kI " balamitta bhANumittA, Asi avaMtI rAyajuvarAyA / "" niya bhANijjatti tayA, tattha go kAlagAyarizra // 1 isa gAthA meM aura nizIthacUci ke " kAla gAyario niraMto ujjekhi gato tattha vAsAvAsa Thito tattha yagarIe balabhitto rAyA, tassa kaniTTho mAyA bhANumitto juvarAyA x x x x " - isa ullekha meM balamitra ko ujjayinI kA rAjA likhA hai| isa se yaha nizcita hotA hai ki...ujjayinI ko sara karane ke bAda unhoMne (Arya kAlaka ne ) vahA~ ke takhta para zaka maMDalika ko biThAyA thA para bAda meM usakI zakti kama ho gaI thI, zaka maMDalika aura usa jAti ke anya adhikArI puruSoM ne avaMti ke takhtanazIna zaka rAjA kA pada chor3a diyA thaa|" isI ke samarthana meM munizrI vyavahAracarI kA avatara dete haiM :-- pakSa "yadA kAlaya sagA AyatA so sagarAyA usI rAyahANIe tarasaMgaNilagA 'akSaM jAtIe sarito 'ci kAuM gabvegaM taM rAyaM yakha sabaMdhi rAyA tesi viti yadeti anitIyA teyaM mA kArDa te yA maduroNa viNNavieNa te NivvisatA katA, te aNNaM rAyaM laggaNaTThAe ubagatA / " isa se munijI kA anumAna hai ki yaha zakarAjA kucha samaya ke bAda haThA diyA gayA hogA / 70. vIra nirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, 10 55-56 muninI isI nibandha meM pU0 58 pAdana 42 meM likhate haiM: -- vicArazreNi Adi meM jo saMzodhita gAthAe~ haiM unameM isakA (nabhaH sena kA) nAma 'nahavAhana ' likhA hai jo galata hai / titthogAlI meM balamitra - bhAnumitra ke bAda ujjayinI kA rAjA nabhaHsena likhA hai / 'nahavAhana ' jisake nAmAntara' naravAhana' aura 'dadhivAhana' bhI milate haiM, bharoca kA rAjA thaa| sikkoM para isa kA nAma ' nahapAna ' bhI milatA hai| pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhana ne isa ke Upara aneka bAra car3hAiyA~ kI thiiN| " vicArathi antargata gAthAyeM nimnollikhita hai jaM rayA kAla ramitI arihA titthaGkaro mahAvIro / ahisiyo pAlo rAyA //

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 121 balamitra-bhAnumitra kahIM bharoca ke aura kahIM ujjayinI ke rAje kahe gae haiN| munizrI kalyANa vijayajI ke mata se usakA kAraNa yahI hai ki ve pahale bharoca ke rAjA the para zaka ko harA kara ve ujjayinI yA avanti ke bhI rAjA babe the| isa viSaya meM jo hakIkata kathAnaka zrAdi se upalabdha hai vaha hameM dekhanI cAhiye-nizIthacUrNi meM gardabhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA varNita hai magara bAda kI rAjyavyavasthA kA ullekha nahIM hai| caturthIkaraNavAlI ghaTanA bhI isI cUrNi meM hai, vahA~ likhA hai-"kAlagAyarizro viharaMto ujjaNiM gto| ...tattha ya nagarIe balamitto raayaa|" "dazAcUrNi meM bhI caturthIkaraNa vAlI ghaTanA meM "ujjeNIe nagarIe balametta-bhANumettA rAyANo" aisA kahA hai|72 kahAvalI meM gaIbhilloccheda ke bAda kI vyavasthA kA nirdeza nahIM hai| kintu caturthIkaraNavAle kathAnaka meM kahAvalIkAra likhate haiM-"sAhippamuhara cAhi sitto ujjeNIe kAlagasUribhANejjo balamitto nAma raayaa|"73 isa taraha balamitra ke ujjayinI ke rAjA hone ke bAre meM prAcIna sAkSI avazya hai kintu kaI kathAnakoM meM 'caturthIkaraNavAlI ghaTanA ke varNana meM balamitra ko "bharuaccha" (bharoMca) meM rAjya karatA batalAyA hai|74 kAlaka-paraka sabhI kathAnakoM meM saThThI pAlagaranno paNavannasayaM tu hoi nndaannN| aTThasayaM muriyANaM tIsacciya puusmittss| balamitta-bhANumittANa saThi varisANi catta nhvhnne| taha gaddabhillarajjaM terasa vAse sagassa cuu|| (jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka, khaNDa 2 aGka 4 pariziSTa pR02) vAstava meM yahA~ zrAkharI gAthA vizvasanIya nahIM hai, kyoMki balamitra bhAnumitra ke 60 varSa, navAhana (yA nabhaHsena ) ke 40 varSa, bAda meM gaI bhilla ke 13 varSa, aura zaka ke rAjya ke 4 varSa kahe hai gaye hai aura yaha nirvivAda hai ki gaIbhilocchedaka caturthIkAraka Arya kAlaka balamitra ke samakAlIna the| 71. navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 2, nizIthacUrNi, dazama uddeza. 72. navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, saMdarbha 6, pR0 5. 73. vahI, prAkRtakathAvibhAga, kathA naM. 3, pR0 37. 74. vahI, pR0 14, devacandrasUriviracitakathA (racanA saMvat 1146 = I. sa. 1086 ) meM; vahI, pR. 31, maladhArI zrI hemacandraviracita kathA ( racanA vi0 saM0 12 zatAbdi ) meM; vahI, pR0 45, azAtasUriviracita kathA meM, vahI, pR0 70, azAtasUriviracita anya kathA meM; vahI, pR. 87 zrI bhAvadevasUriracita kathA (racanA saMvat 1312 = I0 sa0 1255 ) meM,--ityAdi kathAnakoM meM balamitra ko bharukaccha kA rAjA batalAyA hai| kintu, jayAnandasUri-viracita prAkRta kathA (racanA anumAna se vi0 saM0 1410 AsapAsa ) meM balamitrabhAnumitra ko avanti ke rAjA aura yuvarAja batAye hai| isI kathAnaka meM gaI bhilloccheda ke bAda zaka ko rAjA banAyA itanA hI ullekha hai| navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 107. vahI, pR0 55, zrI dharmaghoSasUri ( vi0 saM0 1300-1357 AsapAsa ) likhate haiM ki jisa zaka rAjA ke pAsa Arya kAlaka rahe the usako kAlakAcArya ne avanti kA rAjA banAyA aura dUsare zaka usa rAjA ke sevaka bne| kintu dharmaghoSasUri likhate haiM ki dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra ye saba sevaka kAlaka ke bhAgineya ke sevaka bane jappAse sUriThio sa'vaMtipahu Asi sevagA sesaa| anna bhaNaMti guruNo bhANijjA seviyA tehiM / / 43 / / jaM bhaNio nivapurao, sa gao te hiM saha sUriNo a sgo| sagakUla Agayatti ya, sagutti to Asi tavvaMso // 44 //

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122 zrAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha gaIbhilla ke, balamitra ke, yA zakoM ke rAjya ke varSa zrAdi nahIM diye gye| kintu gaIbhilloccheda ke bAda avanti meM kauna rAjA huaA isa viSaya meM karIba saba kathAnakoM aura prAcIna saMdarmoM kA nirdeza yahI hai ki gaIMbhilla ke bAda zaka rAjA huaaa| usake bAda balamitra avanti kA rAjA huaA? aura aisA huaA to kaba huA? ina saba bAtoM kA nizcaya karanA muzkila hai kyoM ki caturthIkaraNAvAlI ghaTanA gardabhilloccheda ke pUrva yA pazcAt huI usakA pakkA patA nahIM lgtaa| agara bAda meM huI-jaisA ki jyAdaha sambhava hai-taba bhI balamitra avanti-ujayinI meM rAjA thA yA bharukaccha meM? isa viSaya meM matabheda rhegaa| mAna leM ki usa samaya balamitra ujjayinI meM thA taba bhI usake bAda kauna rAjA huA? kathAnakoM ke aspaSTa ullekhoM kA sArAMza to yaha hai ki usa zakarAjA se jo vaMza calA vaha zakakula-zakavaMza nAma se prasiddha huzrA aura kAlAntara meM usa vaMza kA unmUlana vikrama ne kiyaa| usake (vikrama ke) vaMza ke bAda phira zaka rAjA huzrA jisakA zakasaMvat (I0 sa078 se) claa| isa saMvat aura vikrama saMvat meM 135 varSa kA antara hai| koI saMdarbha yA kathA yaha nahIM kahatI ki balamitra yahI vikramAditya hai| balamitra ko vikramAditya ginane se gardabhillocchedaka kAlaka kA samaya jo vAstava meM vIrAt 335-376 aAsapAsa hai usako haThAkara vIrAt 453 mAnanA par3atA hai aura vIrAt 453 aura 470 ke bIca balamitra, namaHsena, aura zakarAjA ke rAjyavarSa ghaTAne par3ate haiN| 75 yahA~ aba hama pahale to titthoggAlI pahanaya ke ullekha ko dekheM "ja rayaNiM siddhigatro, arahA titthaMkaro mhaaviiro| taM rayaNimavaMtIe, abhisitto pAlazro rAyA // 620 // phira Age caturthIkaraNavAlI ghaTanA meM likhA hai balamitta-mANumittA, AsI avaMtIi raay-juvraayaa| viti pare bharuacche, kAlayasUrI vi tattha go // 47 // -vahI pR0 55 75. devacandrasUri-racita kathAnaka ( racanA saM0 1146 = 1086 I0sa0) meM kahA gayA hai " sagakUlAo jeNaM samAgayA teNa te sagA jaayaa| evaM sagarAINaM, eso vaMso samuppaNNo / / 62 / / kAlaMtareNa keNai, uppADettA sagANa taM vaMsaM / jAo mAlavarAyA, NAmeNaM vikkamAicco // 64 // payarAvio dharAe riNaparihINaM jaNaM viheUNa / gururatthaviyaraNAo Niyao saMvaccharo jeNa / / 67 // tassa vi vasaM uppADiUNa jAo puNo vi sgraayaa| ujjeNipuravarIe, payapaMkaya paNayasAmaMto // 6 // paNatIse vAsasae, vikkamasaMvaccharAo voliinne| parivattiUNa Thavio, jeNaM saMvaccharo Niyago // 70 // - navAba prakAzita, kAlakAcAryakathA, pR0 13. isI matalaba kA vidhAna maladhAri zrI hemacandrasUri (vi0 saM0 12 zatAbdi ) viracita kathAnaka meM hai, dakho navAba, vahI, pR0 30 / vahI, pR0 81 para bhAvadevasUri (vi0 saM0 1312 = 1255 I0 sa0) bhI isI matalaba kA vidhAna karate haiN| vahI, pR0 63 para zrI dharmaprabhasUri (vi. saM. 1398 ) bhI aisA ullekha karate haiN|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya __ 125 pAlagaraeNo sahI, puNa parANasayaM viyANi NaMdANam / muriyANaM sahisayaM, paNatIsA pUsamittANam (ttss)||621 / / balamitta-bhANumittA, sahI cattAya hoMti nhsenne| gaddabhasayamegaM puNa, paDivanno to sago raayaa||622|| paMca ya mAsA paMca ya vAsA, chacceva hoMti vaassyaa| parinivvuassa'rihato, to uppanno (paDivanno) sago raayaa|| 623 // isa taraha zaka saMvat jo I0 sa0 78 se zurU hotA hai usako calAne vAle zakarAjA ke pUrva 100 varSa gaI bhilloM ke, 40 varSa nabhaHsena ke aura 60 varSa balamitra ke batAye gaye haiN| digambara tiloyapaNpatti meM bhI aisI kAlagaNanA milatI hai kintu kucha pharka ke sAtha jakkAle vIrajiNo niHsesasaMpayaM smaavnnnno| takkAle abhisitto pAlayaNAma avNtisudo|| 1505 // pAlakarajjaM sahiM igisayapaNavaNNA, vijayavaMsabhavA / cAlaM murudayavaMsA tIsa vassA supussmittmmi|| 1506 // vasumitta aggimittA sahI gaMdhavvayA vi sayamekkaM / paravAhaNA ya cAlaM tatto bhatthaThaNA jAdA // 1507 // bhatthahaNANa kAlo doNNi sayAI vaMti vaadaalaa| 70 jinasenAcArya ke harivaMzapurANa 78 meM yahI gaNanA milatI hai jisake anusAra pAlaka ke 60 varSa, vijayavaMza yA naMdavaMza ke 155 varSa, marudaya yA mauryoM ke 40 varSa, puSyamitra ke 30, vasumitra-agnimitra ke 60, gaMdharva yA rAsabhoM ke 100 aura naravAhana ke 40 varSa die gaye haiN| usake bAda bhatthaTTANa(bhRtyAndhra) rAjA hue jinakA kAla 242 varSa kA hotA hai| digambara paramparA ko yahA~ sparza kiyA hai isase pratIta hogA ki unakI kAlagaNanA meM bhI kucha gar3abar3a hai| kyoM ki mauryoM ke 40 varSa likhe gaye haiM vaha ThIka nhiiN| zrI kAzIprasAda jayasvAlajI ne zvetAmbara kAla-gaNanAoM kI samIkSA karate hue batalAyA ki mauryoM ke kamI kiye gaye varSa rAsabhoM (gaI bhilloM) 76. vIranirvANasamvat aura jaimakAlagaNanA ke. pR. 30-31 para munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne ye gAthAyeM uddhRta kI haiN| titthogAlI kI upalabdha pratiyA~ azuddha haiN| vahI, pR0 31 pAdanoMdha meM munizrI ne duHSamagaDikA aura yugapradhAna-gaMDikA kA sAra diyA hai| dUsarI gaNanAoM se usakI saGgati karanA muzkila hai| kisI bhI taraha zakasaMvat ko vIrAt 605 taka lA hI jAtA magara bIca ke rAjAoM kI kAlagaNanA meM gar3abar3I ho jAtI hai| isa viSaya meM bahuta se vidvAnoM ne carcA kI hai| yahA~ hama ina sabakA sAra bhI leM to vaktavya kA vistAra khUba bar3ha jaaegaa| aura yaha saba carcA vidvAnoM ko suparicita hai hii| 77. tiloyapaNpatti, bhAga, pR0 342, kasAyapAhuDa, bhAga 1, prastAvanA, pR0 50-55 meM uddhRta kI gaI hai kintu paraspara virodhAtmaka kAlagaNanAoM kA abhI taka saMtoSajanaka samAdhAna nahIM huA hai| 78. DA. jayasvAla, jarnala oNpha dha bihAra-orissA risarca sosAyaTI, vaoNlyuma 16, pR0 234-235. vahI, kalpanA munizrI kalyANavijayajI bhI karate haiN|

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124 prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha meM bar3hAye gaye haiN| 79 isa kAlagaNanA ke viSaya meM Aja taka kI saba carcAoM meM se abhI koI gaNanA nirNayAtmaka phalita nahIM huii| 75 sambhava hai ki zakoM kA bhArata meM prathama zrAgamana aura ujjaina meM rAjya karanA, tadanantara parAjaya ke bAda I0 sa0 78 meM phira rAjya karanA ye donoM alaga alaga hakIkata pazcAdbhUta granthakAra ThIka jAna yA samajha na sake / khuda tiloyapaNNatti mahAvIra nirvANa aura zaka samvat ke bIca ke antara kI do paramparA detI hai, eka ke anusAra nirvANa ke bAda 461 varSa hone para zaka rAjA utpanna huA (tiloyapaNNatti, adhikAra 4, gAthA 1466, pR0 340), dusarI ke anusAra nirvANa ke 605 varSa aura 5 mAsa ke bAda zaka nRpa utpanna huzrA (vahI, gAthA 1499, pR0 341) / kaise bhI ho magara itanA to phalita hotA hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke bala mitra-bhAnumitra digambara sampradAya meM vasumitra-agnimitra nAma se pichAne jAne lge| ve zuMgoM ke madhya aura pazcimI bhArata meM rAjyapAla (Governors) hoNge| ve puSyamitra zugarAjA ke kula ke ho sakate haiN| vidizA meM puSyamitra kA yuvarAja amimitra rAjyapAla thA vaha mahAkavi kAlidAsa kRta mAlavikAgnimitra ke pAThakoM ko suvidita hai| pAJcAla meM se mitra nAmAnta (anya) rAjAoM ke sikke mile haiN| isa taraha bala mitra-bhAnumitra ke ujayinI yA lATa ke zAsana kI bAta sambhavita pratIta hotI hai| puSyamitra ke samaya meM pataJjali kA mahAbhASya hutrA mAnA gayA hai| mahAbhASya ke sUtra 3 / 2 / 11 meM kAtyAyana ke vArtika 'parokSe ca lokavijJAne prayokturdarzanaviSaye' para do ati prasiddha udAharaNa die gaye haiM"aruNad yavanaH sAketam" aura "aruNad yavanaH maadhymikaam"| vidvAnoM ne ekamata se svIkAra kiyA hai ki yahA~ yUnAnI rAjA mInAnDara ke bhAratIya abhiyAna kA ullekha hai| DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla likhate haiM:-"mInAnDara ne zAkala (syAlakoTa) ko apane adhikAra meM karake eka abhiyAna sindha rAjapUtAnA kI ora mAdhyamikA (citaur3a ke samIpa "nagarI") ko lakSya karake kiyA thaa| usakA dUsarA sainika abhiyAna pUrva kI ora thaa| usa meM mathurA-sAketa (ayodhyA) ko apane adhikAra meM karake vaha pATaliputra (puSpapura) taka bar3ha gayA thaa| gArgI saMhitA ke yuga-purANa nAmaka adhyAya meM isa pUrvI abhiyAna kA spaSTa vivaraNAtmaka ullekha hai| isakA eka nayA pramANa jainendra-vyAkaraNa sUtra 2 / 2 / 62 para kI abhayanandI mahAvRtti meM kisI prakAra surakSita baca gayA hai :-parokSe lokavijJAna prayoktaH zakyadarzanatvena darzanaviSayatve laG vktvyH| aruNanmahendro mthuraam| aruNadhavanaH saaketm|xxx 'mahendra' hamArI dRSTi meM apapATha hai| zuddha pATha " menandra" honA caahie| avazya yahI mUla pATha rahA hogA, jisakA artha na jAnakara bAda ke lekhakoM ne 'mahendra' kara diyaa| vastutaH mInAnDara kA loka meM prasiddha nAma 'menandra' thA unake aneka sikke mile haiM jinameM eka ora yavanAnI lipi meM unakA nAma hai aura dUsarI ora kharoSThI lipi meM 'menandra' nAma likhA rahatA hai|"80 76. matsya, brahmANDa aura vAyupurANa meM kula 7 gardabhilla rAjA likhe haiN| aura brahmANDapurANa meM gaImildoM kA rAjatvakAla sirpha 72 varSa kA hai| titthogAlI painnaya meM gaIbhilla-vaMzya rAjAoM kI saGkhyA to nahIM para unakA rAjatvakAla 100 varSa pramANa likhA hai| jisa gardabharAjA ko kAlakasUri ne zakoM kI sahAya se haThAyA vaha kyA isa vaMza kA thA ? vaha kyA gardabhilla rAjAoM meM AkharI rAjA thA ? ye saba vicArayogya bAteM haiM / zrI zAntilAla zAha ne "dhI TraeNDizanala kraoNnolaoNji oNpha dha jainajha" meM likhA hai ki jisa gardabharAjA kA kAlaka ne ucchedana kiyA vaha mathurA ke eka lekha meM Khardaa nAmase uddiSTa rAjA hai aura gaIbhilla alaga vaMza ke, palhava pArthiana the| yaha saba abhI nizcitarUpa se mAnA nahIM jaataa| kintu usa gardabha rAjA kA grIka honA jyAdA sambhavita hai| . . 80. DA. vAsudeva zaraNa agravAla, "milinda ke pUrva-bhArata meM abhiyAna kA nayA ullekha," rAjasthAna bhAratI, bhAga 3, aGka 3--4 (julAi, 1953), pR0 71-72.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 125 isa taraha yaha spaSTa hai ki grIkoM ne madhya bhArata meM adhikAra jamAyA thaa| balamitra bhAnumitra kA samakAlIna grIka rAjakartA hI ho sakatA hai| bRhatkalpacUrNi meM ullekha hai ki ujjayinI nagarI meM anilasuta java (yava ? yavana 1) nAmaka rAjA thaa| usakA putra gardabha nAma kA yuvarAja thaa| vaha apanI hI "DoliyA " nAmaka bhaginI ke rUpa se mohita ho kara usase jAtIya sukha bhogatA rhaa| rAjA isase nirveda pA kara pratrAjita ho gyaa| isa ullekha meM "khilasuto nAma yavano rAjA" aise pATha kI kalpanA zrI zAntilAla zAha ke uparokta grantha meM dI gaI hai / 'DoliyA' koI paradezI nAma hai / ho sakatA hai isI kAmAndha gardabha ne sAdhvI sarasvatI kA apaharaNa kiyaa| ve grIka rAjakartA ho sakate haiM, kintu unake mUla nAma kA patA abhI taka nizcita rUpa se nahIM milaa| kahAvalI meM isa gardabha rAjA kA nAma " dappaNa - darpaNa - likhA hai / "" mathurA ko mImAnDara ne ghera liyA thaa| paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi ke pahale diye hue ullekha meM hama dekha cuke haiM ki sAtavAhana nareza zrArya kAlaka ko pUchatA hai - " mathurA par3egI yA nahIM ? aura par3egI to kaba ?" isakA matalaba yaha hai ki mathurA para kisI kA gherA thA aura usake pariNAma meM sAtavAhana rAjA ko rasa ho yaha yogya hI hai / yaha bhI ho sakatA hai ki khuda sAtavAhana nareza ke sainya ne gherA DAlA thA yA vaha DAlanA cAhatA thA kyoM ki bRhatkalpabhAgya aura cUrNi meM pratiSThAna ke sAtavAhana rAjA ke daNDanAyaka ne uttaramathurA aura dakSiNamadhurA jIta liyA aisA ullekha hai (bRhatkalpasUtra vibhAga 6, gAthA 6244 se 8 se 6246, aura pR0 1647 - 46 ) / ujjaina meM se grIka ( yA koI paradezI) rAjA jisako " gardabha " kahA gayA hai usako haTA gayA, pIche mathurA se grIka zramala ko haTAne ke lie sAtavAhana rAjA ne prayatna kiyA ? yA kyA yahA~ sAtavAhana ke prazna meM khAravela ke hAthIgumphA lekha meM uddiSTa mathurA kI ora ke abhiyAna kA nirdeza hai? " hama dekha cuke haiM ki kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the| unakA sambandha zakoM ke prathama zrAgamana se hai| vaha kisI sAtavAhana rAjA ke samakAlIna the| bRhatkalpacUrNi ke ullekha se gardabha khuda yavana hone kA sambhava hai| yadyapi yaha 'jaya' zabda yavana-yava- jaba aisA rUpAntarita hai yA 'mava' kA 'jaya' huA hai ityAdi bAteM anizcita hai tathApi 'aToliyA' yaha kisI grIka nAma kA rUpAntara hone kI zaMkA rahatI hai k gardabha-rAja (yA garchabhilloM) se bhArata meM grIka rAjakartA uddiSTa haiM ? hamAre khayAla se yaha jyAdA sambhAvita hai| gardabha aura gaddabhila avazya paradezI rAjakartA hoNge| inako haTAnA bhAratIyoM ke lie muzkila mAlUma par3A hogaa| yavanoM grIkoM ke krUra svabhAva kA nirdeza hameM gArgI saMhitA ke yugapurANa meM bhI milatA hai| inako haTAne ke lie kArya kAlaka zakoM ko lAye / gara bhAratIya rAjakartA ko haTAne ke lie paradezI zaka lAe gaye hote to Arya kAlaka dezadrohI gine jAte / - 1. desale, DA0 bI0 ema0 bhArumA, hAthIgumphA inskripzana oNpha khAravela, inDiyana hisTaoNrikala kvArTalI, baoN0 14, pR0 477 lekha kI paMkti hai. khAravela kisI sAtakariMga (sAtavAhana vaMza ke rAjA kA sama kAlIna thA yaha isI lekha se mAlUma hotA hai| khAravela kA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva dUsarI yA pahalI zatAbdi hai| isa viSaya meM DA0 vArayA ne agale sarva vidvAnoM ke mata kI carcA apane lekha aura pustaka meM kI hai| DA0 hemacandra rAya caudharI ne poliTikala hisTarI oNpha ezianTa inDizrA (i0 sa0 1653 kA saMskaraNa ) meM DA0 bAruA ke mata kI carcA kI hai| aura dekho, dha DeTa oNpha khAravela, jarnala oNpha dha eziyATika sosAiTI (kalakattA), leTarsa, vaoN0 16 ( I. sa. 1653), naM0 1, pR0 25-32.

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126 zrAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha kAlaka jaise samartha paMDita aura prAbhAvika AcArya aisA kara nahIM skte| unako pratIti huI hogI kI grIka rAjakartAoM ke sAmane tatkAlIna bhAratIya rAjAoM se kucha bananA muzkila thaa| prAcIna granthoM meM kahIM bhI nahIM batAyA gayA ki zakoM ko harAnevAlA vikramAditya khuda gardabha-rAjA kA putra thaa| yaha mAnyatA kucha pIche se banI hogii| jaba kAla-gaNanA meM gar3abar3a pratIta hotI hai usa samaya ke vidhAnoM meM yaha mAnyatA dekhane meM AtI hai| kAlakAcAryakathAnakoM meM bhI prAcIna kathAnakoM meM yaha nahIM hai| pIche pAdanoMdha 72 meM hamane batalAI huI sAkSiyoM meM kahIM bhI vikrama ko gardabha kA putra nahIM kahA hai| isa taraha gardabhilloccheda aura vikrama ke bIca kama antara hI honA yA mAnanA Avazyaka nhiiN| vAstava meM DA0 jayasvAlajI kI bhI aisI hI rAya thii| unhoM ne gardabhillocched vAlI ghaTanA kA nirdeza karake likhA hai "This event is placed before the Vikrama era but no time is specified as to how long after the occupation of Ujjain and Malva the first saka dynasty came to an end. The Kathanaka expressly keeps it unspecified, as it says "Kalantarena Kenai (ZDMG., 1880, p. 267; Konow, CII. II. p. xxvii)."82 jayasvAlajI isa gardabhilloccheda kI ghaTanA ko I0 sa0 pUrva 100-101 meM rakhate haiN| 83 rAjAoM kI kAlagaNanA meM jaina granthoM meM bhI kucha gar3abar3a aura aspaSTa bAteM haiN| munizrI kalyANavijayajI (jinake mata se, gardabhillocchedaka Arya kAlaka vaha dUsare Arya kAlaka the aura unakA samaya vIrAt 453 thA) isa ghaTanA ke bAre meM likhate haiM-"ghaTanAoM ke kAlakrama meM hamane gardabhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA nirvANa saMvat 453 meM batAI hai; para isameM yaha zaMkA ho sakatI hai ki isa ghaTanA ke samaya yadi bala mitrabhAnumitra vidyamAna the-jaisA ki 'kahAvalI' Adi granthoM se jJAta hotA hai-to isa ghaTanA kA ukta samaya nirdoSa kaise ho sakatA hai? kyoM ki merutuGgasUri kI 'vicAra-zreNi' Adi pracalita jaina-gaNanA ke anusAra balamitra-bhAnumitra kA sattA-kAla vIra-nirvANa se 354 se 413 taka zrAtA hai| aisI dazA meM yaha kahanA cAhie ki gaIbhillocchedavAlI ghaTanA kA ukta samaya (453) ThIka nahIM hai, aura yadi ThIka hai to yaha kahanA hogA ki balamitra-bhAnumitra kA ukta samaya galata hai| aura yadi uparyukta donoM samaya ThIka mAne jAya~ to anta meM yaha mAnanA hI par3egA kI gaI bhillavAlI ghaTanA ke samaya balamitra-bhAnumitra vidyamAna na the|" munijI aAge likhate haiM-"gardabhillavAlI ghaTanA kA samaya galata mAna lene ke liye hameM koI kAraNa nahIM miltaa| balamitrabhAnumitra Arya kAlaka ke bhAnaje the, yaha bAta suprasiddha hai; ata eva kAlaka ke samaya meM inakA astitva mAnanA bhI anivArya hai| rahI balamitra-bhAnumitra ke samaya kI bAta, so isake sambandha meM hamArA mata hai ki unakA samaya 354 se 413 taka nahIM, kintu 414 se 473 taka thaa| maurya-kAla meM se 52 varSa chaTa jAne ke kAraNa 160 ke sthAna meM kevala 100 varSa hI pracalita gaNanAoM meM liye gae haiN| ata eva ekadama 52 varSa kama ho jAne ke kAraNa bala mitra Adi kA samaya asaGgata-sA ho gayA hai| hamane maurya rAjya ke 160 varSa mAna kara isa paddhati meM jo saMzodhana kiyA hai, usake anusAra kAlakAcArya aura balamitra 82. DA0 jayasvAla, praoNblemsa oNpha zaka-sAtavAhana hisTarI, jarnala oNpha vihAra aeNnDa orissA risarca sosAiTI, vaoN0 16 (I0 sa0 1630), pR0 234. 83. vahI, pR0 234 se Age. 84. isake lie dekho, munizrI kalyANavijayajI kRta vIranirvANa-sambat aura jaina-kAlagaNanA.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 127 ke samaya meM kucha virodha nahIM raha jaataa|"85 munizrI kI yaha samIkSA to zaGkA ko bar3hAtI hai ki gaI. bhilloccheda kI ghaTanA vIrAt 453 meM mAnanA zurU huA taba se kAlagaNanA meM gar3abar3a ho gaI / DA0 brAuna dUsare kAlaka ke bAre meM likhate haiM "Most versions make him the disciple of Gunakara (= the sthavira Gunasundara), but this must be an error; for on chronalogical grounds it must have been Kalaka I who was Gunakara's disciple."CE isase to yaha mAnanA jyAdA ucita hai ki kathAnakoM se prathama kAlaka hI uddiSTa haiN| DA. brAuna Age likhate haiM "The Kalpadruma and Samayasundara add an alternative tradition stating that Kalaka II was the maternal uncle of the kings Balamitra and Bhanumitra of Jain tradition, thus agreeing with a few versions of the Kalakaryakatha, although most of them identify the Kalaka who was the uncle of those kings with the Kalaka who changed the date of the Paryasana....The year of Kalaka II is by all authorities said to be 453 of the Vira era, in which year it is specifically stated in a stanza appended to three Mss. of Dharmaprabha's version that he took Sarasvati. Possibly the statement is slightly inaccurate and the date refers to his accession to the position of suri, just as in other stanzas appended to Mss. of the same version the year 335, which is the date of accession to the position of suri, is mentioned as that of Kalaka I. Dharmasagaraganin assigns the deeds of Kalaka II to Kalaka I."CH pahale hI hama kaha cuke haiM ki kathAnakoM meM kAlaka kA varSa nahIM batalAyA gayA, kisI bhASya yA caNi meM bhI nhiiN| balamitra-bhAnumitra aura paryuSaNAtithi ke bAre meM bhI pahale samIkSA kI gaI hai| dharmaprabha kI racanA saM0 1368 meM huI, mUla racanA meM gaI bhillocchedaka kAlaka vIrAt 453 meM hue aisA nahIM hai| mUla meM to- "aha te saga tti khAyA, tavvaMsaM chaMdiUNa puNa kaale| jAo vikkamarAao, puhavI jeNUraNI vihiyA // 31 ||--itnaa hI hone se vikrama aura kAlaka ke bIca kA samayAntara aspaSTa hai| DA0 brAuna kI tRtIya kAlaka kI kalpanA ThIka nahIM hai, munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne tRtIya kAlaka ke viSaya meM ThIka hI samIkSA kI hai| vistArabhaya se hama usa carcA ko chor3a dete haiN| ____ aba kathAnakoM ko chor3a kara paTTAvalI Adi ko dekheM to kalpasUtra sthavirAvalI meM do kAlaka kA koI ullekha nahIM; aura na isameM kisI sthavira ke varSa Adi batAye gye| nandI-sthavirAvalI jisake prAcIna hone meM zaGkA nahIM hai usameM gaI bhillocchedaka anya kAlaka kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| duSSamAkAla zrI zramaNasaGgha stotra meM 'guNasuMdara, sAmaja, khaMdilAyariya' kA ullekha hai kintu gAthA 13 meM Arya vajrasena, 85. munizrI kalyANavijaya, "Arya-kAlaka," dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 117. munizrI ke isa kathanAnusAra, ni0 saM0 453 meM gaI bhilla ko haTA kara, ( I0 sa0 pU0 74 meM ) zakarAjA ujjayinI kI gAdI para baitthaa| aura cAra varSa ke bAda ni0 saM0 457 meM (I0 sa0 pU0 70 meM ) balamitra ne usako haTA kara ujjayinI para apanA adhikAra jmaayaa| balamitra-bhAnumitra ke rAjya kA anta ni0 saM0 465 ( I0 sa0 pU0 62 ) meM huaa|-vhii, pR. 117 pAdanoMdha, 1. 86. dha sTorI oNpha kAlaka, pR0 6. 87. brAuna, vahI, pR0 6, pR0 7-12.

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128 zrAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha nAgahasti, revati mitra, siMha aura nAgArjuna ke bAda bhUtidinna aura unake bAda jisa 'kAlaka' kA ullekha hai vaha kAlaka garddabhillocchedaka ho nahIM sakate kyoM ki dvitIyodayugapradhAna yantra ( paTTAvalI samuccaya, bhAga 1 pR0 23-24) dekhane se mAlUma hogA ki isa kAlaka kA samaya ( zrArya vajra ke ziSya) vajrasena se 363 varSa ke bAda hotA hai jo IsA kI tRtIya zatAbdi ke bAda hogaa| dharmasAgaragaNi kI tapAgaccha-paTTAvalI ( pahAvalI - samuccaya, bhAga 1, pR0 41-77 ) meM zyAmArya vIrAt 376 meM svargavAsI hue aura unake ziSya jitamaryAdAkRt sAMDilya the aisA likhA hai| zrAge indradinnasUra ke bAda, vIrAt 453 varSa meM garda bhillo - cchedaka kAlakasUri kA ullekha hai| isa paTTAvalI kA racanAkAla vi0 sa0 1646 hai / kintu yaha to bahuta pIche kI paTTAvalI hai| duSpramAkAla zrI zramaNasaGghastotra to vikrama kI terahavIM zatAbdi kA hai / usa stotra kI vari kA samaya nizcita nahIM hai| isa avacUri meM nimnalikhita vidhAna hai xxxx mori rajjaM 108 tatra mahAgiri 30 suhasti 46 guNasundara 32, UnavarSANi 12 // x x x x evaM (vIranirvANAt varSANi 323 // rAjA puSyamitra 30 balamitra - bhAnumitra 60 (tatra ) - guNasundarasyeva zeSa varSANi 12 kAlike 4 (41) khaMdila 38 // evaM varSANi 413 // rAjA naravAhana 40 gardabhilla 13 zAka 4 ( tatra ) -- revatimitra 36 zrAryamadharmAcArya 20 // evaM varSANi 470 // atrAntare - bahula sirivvaya svAmi ( svAti) hArita zyAmA''rya zANDilya Arya AryasamudrAdayo bhaviSyanti / taha gadda bhillarajjassa, cheyago kAlagAriyo hohI / chattIsaguNa, guNasayakaliyo pahAjutto // 1 // vIranirvANAt 453 bharuacche khapuTAcAryAH vRddhavAdI paMcakalpavicchedo jiitklpoddhaarH......|| dharmAcAryasyeva zeSavarSANi 24 bhadragupta 39 zrIgupta 15 vajrasvAmI 36 / evaM sarvAGka 584 // garchabhillavita vikramAditya 60 dharmAditya 40 bhAila 11 // evaM 581 // ( paTTAvalI - samuccaya, 1, pR0 17 ). isa avacUri antargata gAthA meM yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki vIrAt 453 meM (garcha bhilocchedaka) dvitIya kAlaka hue| kintu vicArazreNi kI gaNanA se milatI isa (avacUri kI) nRpakAlagaNanA se gaddebhilla kA samaya vIrAt 453 hotA hai| magara nRpakAlagaNanA zaGkA se para nahIM hai, vikramAditya ko garcha bhilla kA putra kahane ke lie koI kAlakakathAnaka kA yA cUrNi yA bhASya kA pramANa upalabdha nhiiN| aura 453 meM garddabhiloccheda karane vAle kAlaka ke samaya balamitra - bhAnumitra ho nahIM skte| phira balamitra - bhAnumitra ke bAda garchabhilla ke 13 varSa ginanA aura gaddebhilloM ke 100 yA 152 varSa kA mela prApta karane ke lie vikramAditya, dharmAditya, bhAIla aura nAila ko garcha bhillavaMza ke mAnanA ye saba bAteM abhI zaGkAyukta hI haiN| khuda merutuGga ko bhI do balamitra-bhAnumitra hone kA vicitra anumAna khIMcanA par3A / zrArya khapuTa kA kAryapradeza bharoca thA, kAlakAcArya kA bhI bhRgukaccha se sambandha hai| magara donoM samakAlIna the ( vIrAt 453 ) aisA jaina 88. merutuGga likhate haiM-- " balamitrabhAnumitro rAjAnau 60 varSANi rAjyamakArtham / yo tu kalpacUrNau caturthIparvakartRkAlakAcAryanirvAsako ujjayinyAM balamitrabhAnumitrI tAvanyAveva / " isa viSaya meM munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke vivecana ke lie dekho, vIranirvANa saMvat0, pR0 56-57 aura pAdanoMdha, jisameM titthogAlI painnaya ke nAma se kaisI gAthAyeM pIche ke granthoM meM ghusa gaI haiM isakA munijI ne acchA vivecana kiyA hai|

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 126 granthakAroM kA ( madhyakAlIna paTTAvaliyoM ke alAvA) kahIM bhI ullekha nhiiN| mauyoM ke 108 varSa kI hakIkata bhI mAnya nahIM ho sakatI / DA0 jayasvAlajI ke kathanAnusAra agara mauyoM ke zeSa varSa rAsabhoM meM bar3hA kara kisI taraha vIrAt 470 meM vikrama kA hisAba jor3A gayA taba yaha spaSTa hai ki ina paTTAvaliyoM kI nRpakAlagaNanA zaGkArahita nahIM hai, inameM aura bhI galatI ho sakatI hai| isa gar3abar3a kA kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama zakarAjya ke bAda kitane varSa vyatIta hone para vikramAditya huA yaha spaSTa mAlUma na hone se vikrama ra kAlaka ko naz2adIka lAne kI pravRtti huii| eka se jyAdA kAlaka nAmaka zrAcArya hue hoMge kintu ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka to prathama kAlaka hI haiM jo ki anya tarkoM se pahale hI hamane dekha liyA hai| munizrI kalyANa vijayajI ke mata se balamitra hI vikramAditya hai / aura unake mata se gaddebhillocchedaka dvitIya kAlaka vIrAt 453 meM hue / magara calamitra yadi vikramAditya hai taba vaha gaddebhilla kA putra nahIM ho sktaa| aura merutuGga yA uparokta vacUri ke bayAna tatra vyartha pratIta hote haiM / vIrAt 453 meM garcha bhillocchedaka kAlaka hone ke saba AdhAra madhyakAlIna unhIM paramparAmroM ke haiM jinameM kAlagaNanA kI aisI gar3abar3I hai| kAlakakathAnaka to garchabhillocchedaka kAlaka ke guru guNasundara yA guNAkara ko hI batAte haiN| vaha kAlaka zyAmArya hI haiM jinhoMne prajJApanAsUtra banAyA / upalabdha prajJApanA gara mUla prajJApanA nahIM ho, to bhI usa meM mUla kA saMskaraNa aura mUla ke kaI aMza z2arUra hoMge / yahI prajJApanA sUtra usake lekhaka kA dezadezAntara ke logoM kA jJAna, bhinna bhinna lipiyoM kA jJAna Adi sAkSI detA hai jo garcha bhilocchedaka aura suvarNabhUmi meM jAnevAle kAlaka meM ho sakatA hai| prajJApanAsUtra ke viSaya hI unake kartA nigoda- vyAkhyAtA hone kA sUcana karate haiN| vicArazreNi meM sthaviroM ke paTTapratiSThAkAla batAnevAlI gAthAyeM dI haiM / vahI munizrI kalyANavijayajI se uddiSTa " sthavirAvalI yA yugapradhAnapaTTAvalI " hai jisakI hastaprata munizrI ne dekhI hai| vaha hastaprata yA vaha racanA vicArazreNi se kitanI prAcIna hai yaha kisI ko mAlUma nahIM / vicArazreNi zrantargata gAthAyeM bhI merutuGga se kitanI prAcIna haiM yaha kahanA muzkila hai| isa sthavirAvalI kI gAthAoM (pahale hama de cUke haiM) meM "revaimitte chattIsa, ajjamaGgu aa vIsa evaM tu / causaya sattari, causayatipanne kAlago jAo // . cauvIsa ajjadhamme eguNacAlIsa bhaddagutte / " ityAdi meM paTTadharoM kI vIrAt 470 taka kI paramparA batAne ke bAda 453 meM kAlaka hue aisA vidhAna hai| para isase to yaha sUcita hotA hai ki ye dvitIya kAlaka yugapradhAna nahIM haiM aura na unake Age yugapradhAnapaTTadhara (yA guru) granthakartA ko mAlUma haiN| ina gAthAnoM meM agara kAlaka bhI yugapradhAna paTTadhara haiM taba eka sAtha aise do zrAcArya yugapradhAnapaTTadhara ho jAte haiM jaisA ki isa sthavirAvalI kA dhvani nahIM hai / ataH yaha sambhavita hai ki " causaya tipanne kAlago jAo " yaha bAta prAcIna yugapradhAnapaTTAvaliyoM meM pIche se bar3hAI gaI hai| prathama zakarAjya ke bAre meM vAstavika varSagaNanA bAda ke lekhakoM ko durlabha hone se aura kisI taraha vikrama ke samaya ke naz2adIka hI kAlaka ko aura prathama zakarAjya ko lAne ke khayAla se yaha vIrAt 453 meM kAlaka ke hone kI kalpanA ghusa gaI hogii| upalabdha saba paTTAvaliyoM meM prAcIna haiM kalpasUtra aura nandIsUtra kI sthavirAvaliyA~, magara inameM vIrAt 453 meM rakha sakeM aisA koI kAlaka kA ullekha nahIM hai| paTTAvalI - samuccaya, bhAga 1 meM dI huI saba anya paTTAvaliyA~ vikrama kI terahavIM sadI yA usake bAda kI haiN| DA0 klATa kI paTTAvaliyA~ bhI vi0 saM0 kI 16 vIM zatAbdi ke bAda kI haiM / 9 8. dekho, klATa mahAzaya kA lekha, inDiana enTikveri, vaoN0 11, pR0 245 se Age. DA0 yAkobI, DA0 laoNyamAna Adi ke paTTAvalI-viSayaka lekhoM kI sUci ke lie dekho, brAuna, dha sTorI oNpha kAlaka, pR0 5 pAdanoMdha 23.

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AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha kAlaka viSaya ke pahale vibhAga ke (cUrNibhAgya zrAdi ke ) sarva sandarbhoM se hama siddha kara cuke haiM ki sabhI ghaTanAyeM eka kAlaka-paraka haiM aura vaha hai Arya zyAma unake bAda Arya zANDilya aura zANDilya ke bAda hue Arya samudra / sabhI yerAvaliyoM aura paTTAvaliyoM meM inhI Arya samudra ke alAvA kisI AcArya ke lie "tisamuddakhAyakittiM dIvasamuddesu gahiya peyAlaM " jaise zabdaprayoga nahIM hue| ataH yahI zrArya samudra suvarNabhUmi jAne vAle sAgara amaNa haiM aura suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle aura gardabharAjocchedaka Arya kAlaka eka haiM yaha to munizrI kalyANa vijayajI ko svIkRta hai| ataH vaha kAlaka zyAmArya hI haiM / 130 prAcIna jaina paramparAnusAra bIra nirvANa I0 sa0 pUrva 527 meM mAnA jAya taba zyAmArya kA samaya hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 162 se 151 aura DA0 yAkobI Adi paNDitoM ke matAnusAra nirvANa I0 sa0 pU0 467 meM mAneM, tatra zyAmArya kA samaya hogA I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se 61 tk| isI samaya meM bhArata meM zakoM kA prathama Agamana huaa| kharoSTI lipi meM likhe hue lekhoM aura mathurA ke anya katipaya lekhoM ke adhyayana se yaha to sarva paNDitoM ko svIkArya hai ki do taraha ke zaka samvat cale the : eka old Saka era = prAcIna (mUla) zaka saM0 aura dUsarA cAlU ( I0 sa0 78 meM zurU huA vaha) zaka samvat / prAcIna zaka samvat ke prathama varSa ke bAre meM bhinna bhinna mata haiN| ina saba kI samIkSA DA0 lohuijhena-da-lyu ne apane grantha 'dha sithina piriar3a' meM kI hai| DA0 lohuimena dasyu ke mata se prathama zaka saM0 I0 sa0 pU0 126 meM zurU huA, pro0 rapsana ke khayAla se I0 sa0 pU0 150 meM, pro0 TArna ke mata se I0 sa0 pU0 155 meM, DA0 jayasvAla ke mata se I0 sa0pU0 120 meM isa taraha bhinna bhinna mata haiM kintu DA0 lohuibhena-da-lyu aura jayasvAla ke mata vAstavika hakIkata se jyAdA naz2adIka haiN| ina saba matoM kI carcA zrI0 ema0 ena0 sahA ne jarnala oNpha eziyATika sosAiTi (bengAla), leTarsa, baoN. 11, (i0sa0 1652), aGka 1, 101 24 meM kI hai aura vahA~ batAyA hai ki prathama zaka samvat I0 sa0 pU0 123 meM huA hogaa| yaha samaya zakoM aura yU-cI kI catriyA meM pArthivanoM para ke vijaya kA hai| isake bAda thor3e hI samaya meM mizradAta dUsarA (Mithradates 11 ) nAmaka pArthiyana rAjA ne zakoM ko phira bhgaaye| yahI samaya hai jaba zaka bhArata kI ora zrAye / 0 isase hamAre qhayAla meM zyAmArya kA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva 132 se I0 sa0 pUrva 61 taka mAnanA jyAdA ucita hai / I0 sa0 pUrva 58 meM vikrama saMvat (mAlava saM0) calA usa samaya kAlakAcArya jIvita the aisA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| ataH kAlaka ke samaya kA I0 sa0 pU0 61 ke bAda hI honA Avazyaka nhiiN| kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the, unakA samaya Upara ke do samaya meM se eka hai, isI samaya gardabha kA uccheda huA, isI samaya meM kAlaka suvarNabhUmi meM gaye / anya kAlakAcArya hue hoMge " kintu ve satra kathAnakoM kI ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka nahIM haiM itanA nizcita hai / atra bhAratIya itihAsa ke paNDitoM se prArthanA hai ki gardabha gaIbhilla, vikramAditya Adi ke kUTa praznoM ke nirAkaraNa DhU~Dhane ke punaH prayatna kreN| , 10. dekho, DA0 loimena dasyu DA0 ema0 ena0 sadA Adi ke lekha graMtha aura DA0 sudhAkara caTTopAdhyAya kRta, gha zakaka ina inDiyA (vizvabhAratI, zAntiniketana, 1955) 106. pro0 rApsana likhate hai It was in his reign that the struggle between the kings of Parthia and their Scythian subjects in Eastern Iran was brought to a close and the suzerainty of Parthia over ruling powers of Seisthan and Kandahar confirmed (Cambridge Hist. of India, Vol. I. p. 567). 61. dekho, vIra nirvANa samvat aura jainakAlagaNanA pR0 125 se 10 120 para pAda meM dI huI devi kSamAzramaNa kI gurvAvalI, aura vAla bhI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI / vAlabhI paTTAvalI ke naM0 27 vAle kAlakAcArya ke antima varSa nirvANa samma 662 meM malabhI meM pustakodvAra hu

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya pariziSTa 1 dattarAjA aura AryakAlaka datta rAjA ke sAmane yajJaphala kA nirUpaNa karanevAlI ghaTanA (ghaTanA naM. 1) kA ullekha AvazyakacUrNi ke atirikta 'aAvazyaka niyukti' meM do sthAnoM meM hai| munizrI kalyANavijayajI ke khayAla ke anusAra isa ghaTanA kA sambandha sambhavataH prathama kAlakAcArya se hai| 3 'aAvazyaka-niyukti' kI eka gAthA (865) meM ullikhita sAmAyika ke pATha dRSTAntoM meM tIsarA dRSTAnta AryakAlaka kA hai jina kA varNana Ava0 cUrNi meM isa prakAra milatA hai| "turuviNI nagarI meM 'jitazatru' nAmaka rAjA thaa| vahA~ 'bhadrA' nAma kI eka brAhmaNI rahatI thI jisake putra kA nAma 'datta' thaa| bhadrA kA eka bhAI thA jisane jaina mata kI dIkSA lI thI, usakA nAma thA 'Arya kaalk'| datta juAr3I aura madirA-prasaGgI thaa| vaha rAjasevA karate karate pradhAna sainika ke pada taka pahu~ca gyaa| para anta meM usane vizvAsaghAta kiyaa| rAjakula ke manuSyoM ko phor3akara usane rAjA ko kaida kiyA aura svayaM rAjA bana baitthaa| usane bahuta se yajJa kiye| eka bAra vaha apane 'mAmA' kAlaka ke pAsa jAkara bolA ki maiM dharma sunanA cAhatA hU~ kahie yajJoM kA phala kyA hai ? kAlaka ne usako dharma kA svarUpa, adharma kA phala aura azubha karmoM ke udaya ko samajhAyA aura pUchane para kahA ki yajJa kA phala naraka hai| datta ne isa kA pramANa pUchA to kAlaka ne batAyA ki "aAja se sAtaveM dina tU kuMbhI meM pakatA huzrA kuttoM se nocA jaaygaa|" datta ne kAlaka ko kaida kiyA magara ThIka vaisA hI huA jaisA bhaviSya kathana Arya kAlaka ne kiyA thaa| granthakAra likhate haiM-" isa prakAra satya bacana bolanA cAhie, jaise kAlakAcArya bole|" isa kathAnaka kA saMkSipta sAra 'aAvazyaka niyukti kI nimnalikhita gAthA meM bhI sUcita kiyA hai datteNa pucchio jo, jaNNaphalaM kAlago turuminniie| samayAe pAhieNaM saMma vuiyaM bhayaM teNaM // 871 // munizrI kalyANavijayajI likhate haiM ki "jaba taka cauthe kAlaka kA astitva siddha na ho, isa sAtavIM ghaTanA kA sambandha pahale kAlaka se mAna lenA kucha bhI anucita nahIM hai|" pariziSTa 2 ghaTanA naM. 5-gaIbha-rAjA kA uccheda gaI bhilloccheda vAlI ghaTanA ke sAtha do sthaloM kA ullekha hai-ujjayinI aura pArasakUla / nizIthacarNi meM pArasakUla kA ullekha hai| vahA~ se sAhirAjA aura unake sAtha dUsare 65 sAhiyoM ko lekara Arya kAlaka "hinduka-deza" ko pAte haiN| isa prakAra ye 65 yA 66 sAhi (zaka-kuloM) samudramArga se saurASTra meM aaye| 12. dvi0 zrabhi. graM0 pR0 67. 63. vahI pR0 114-15. 64. nizIthagita isa ghaTanA ke bayAna ke liye dekho, dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR068-66.

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132 prAcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha ina sthaloM ke bAre meM kathAoM meM kucha gar3abar3a huI hai jisakI munizrI kalyANavijayajI ne acchI taraha chAnabina kI hai| Apa likhate haiM "prAkata kAlaka kathA meM pArasakala' kI jagaha 'zakakala' nAma milatA hai| prabhAvakacaritrAntargata kAlaka-prabandha meM isa sthAna kA nAma 'zAkhideza' likhA hai| kalpasUtramUla ke sAtha chapI huI saMskRta 'kAlaka-kathA' meM isa sthAna ko 'siMdhu nadI kA pazcima pArzvakUla' likhA hai| phira 'himavantatharAvalI' meM isa sthala kA nAma siMdhu deza kahA hai| ina bhinna-bhinna nAmoM meM hamArI saMmati meM 'pArasakUla' nAma hI sahI hai, jisakA ullekha isa viSaya ke sabase purAne graMtha 'nizIthacUrNi' meM hai|95xxx pArasa-kUla kA artha phArasa kA kinArA hogaa| xx kyoM ki vahA~ ke nivAsI loga zakajAti ke haiM, ataH usa pradeza kA 'zakakUla' nAma bhI saMgata hai| xxxxx kAlaka kathAtroM meM siMdhu nadI pAra hokara saurASTra meM kAlakAcArya ke Ane kA ullekha hai, para yaha bhrAntizUnya nahIM hai; kyoMki siMdhu nadI pAra karake paMjAba athavA siMdha meM jA sakate haiM, saurASTra meM nhiiN| paraMtu yaha bAta to sabhI lekhaka eka-svara se svIkAra karate haiM ki kAlakAcArya saurASTra meM hI utare the| yadi ve sAhiyoM ke sAtha siMdhu nadI pAra kara hindusthAna meM Aye hote, to saurASTra meM kisI prakAra na utara skte| isase yahI siddha hotA hai ki ve siMdhu-nadI nahIM, balki siMdhu-samudra ke dvArA saurASTra meM utare the| 'nizIthacUrNi' meM to saurASTra meM hI utarane kA ullekha hai, vahA~ siMdhu nadI kA nAmollekha nahIM hai| saMbhava hai, siMdhu ke sAtha nadI zabda pIche se jur3A gayA hai|" 56 manijI kI yaha samIkSA mahattva kI hai| isase kAlaka kA samadrayAna-jahAjayAna siddha hotA hai| agara yaha bAta sahI hai taba to kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamana (hiMdI-cIna Adi dezoM meM gamana) ke vRttAnta meM purAne khayAla ke jaina zrAvakavarga aura sAdhugaNa ko bhI zaGkA na honI caahiye| kAlakAcArya suvarNabhUmi meM khuzkI rAste se hI gaye hoNge| kisI ko zaGkA ho sakatI hai ki ve durgama khuzkI rAste se nahIM jA sakate aura jAhAz2I rAste se sAdhu jAte nahIM, kintu kAlakAcArya ke viSaya meM yaha zaGkA bhI naSTa ho jAtI hai, kyoMki Arya kAlaka zakoM ke sAtha jAhAz2I rAste se Aye hoMge aisA munijI kA mata hai| vaha mata ThIka lagatA hai| phira anAma ke grantha meM jo likhA hai ki kAlAcArya anAma se jahAz2a-yAna se Tonkina (dakSiNa cIna) meM gaye the yaha vidhAna bhI azakya nahIM lgegaa| pariziSTa 3 ratnasaJcaya prakaraNa kI gAthAoM para munizrI kalyANavijayajI munizrI kalyANa vijayajI ina gAthAzroM ke bAre meM likhate haiM-" jahA~ taka hamane dekhA hai zyAmArya nAmaka prathama kAlakAcArya kA sattAkAla sarvatra nirvANa saM. 280 meM janma, 300 meM dIkSA, 335 meM yugapradhAnapada aura 376 meM svargavAsa aisA likhA hai| inakA sampUrNa AyuSya 66 varSa kA thaa| ye 'prajJApanAkAra' aura 'nigodavyAkhyAtA' nAmoM se bhI prasiddha the| ina saba bAtoM kA vicAra karane ke bAda yaha kahanA leza bhI anucita na hogA ki ukta 'prakaraNa' kI gAthA meM jo prathama kAlakAcArya kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai, vAstava meM vahI satya hai|" 65. una ke khyAla se pArasakula nahIM kintu pArasakUla zabda honA cAhiye, dekho vahI, pR0 110, pAdanoMdha, 1,2,3. 66. vahI, pR. 110.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya dUsare kAlaka kA samaya-gaIbhillocchedaka kAlakAcArya kA samaya nirvANa saM0 453 hai, aura ina dUsare kAlaka kI hasti ko munizrI ThIka mAnate haiN| Age zrApa likhate haiM-" tIsare kAlakAcArya ke sambandha meM hama nizcita abhiprAya nahIM vyakta kara skte| kAraNa, nirvANa saM0 720 meM kAlakAcArya ke astitva-sAdhaka isa gAthA ke atirikta dUsarA koI pramANa nahIM hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki gAthA meM ina kAlakAcArya ko 'zakrasaMstuta' kahai haiM, jo sarvathA asaGgata hai, kyoM ki zakrasaMstuta kAlakAcArya to vahI the, jo 'nigoda-vyAkhyAtA' ke nAma se prasiddha the| yugapradhAna sthavirAvalI ke lekhAnusAra yaha vizeSaNa prathama kAlakAcArya ko hI prApta thaa| "cauthe kAlakAcArya ko caturthI-pa!SaNA-kartA likhate haiM, jo ThIka nhiiN| yadyapi 'vAlabhI yugapradhAna paTTAvalI' ke lekhAnusAra isa samaya meM bhI eka kAlakAcArya hue avazya haiM--jo nirvANa saM0 681 se '663 taka yugapradhAna the, para inase caturthI paryuSaNA hone kA ullekha sarvathA asaGgata hai|" 57 isa caturtha kAlaka ke viSaya meM munijI Age likhate haiM--"vardhamAna se 663 varSa vyatIta hone para kAlakasUridvArA paySaNA caturthI kI sthApanA huI aisI eka prAkaraNika gAthA hai jo titthogAlI painnaya se lI gaI hai aisA saMdehaviSauSadhi grantha ke kartA kA ullekha hai| magara vaha ThIka nahIM; aura upAdhyAya dharmasAgarajI ne apanI kalpakiraNAvalI meM bhI batAyA hai ki yadyapi yaha gAthA dharmaghoSasUriracita kAlasaptati meM dekhane meM AtI hai tathApi tIrthodgAra prakIrNaka meM yaha gAthA dekhane meM nahIM pAtI." Age munizrI ne batAyA hai ki bArahavIM sadI meM caturthI kI phira paJcamI karane kI prathA huI taba caturthI parvRSaNA ko arvAcIna ThaharAne ke khayAla se kisIne yaha gAthA rcii| 15 ina saba bAtoM se yaha spaSTa honA cAhiye ki eka se jyAdA kAlaka kI paramparAyeM zaGkArahita haiM hI nhiiN| eka nAma ke aneka prAcArya hue isase, aura jyoM jyoM ghaTanAtroM kI hakIkata prathama kAlaka ke sAtha ne meM zaGkA haI tyoM tyoM yA jyoM jyoM vikrama aura zaka aura tatkAlIna nRpaviSayaka aitihAsika hakIkata vismRta hone lagI aura paramparAyeM vicchinna hotI gaI, tyoM tyoM ye madhyakAlIna granthakAra vyAmoha meM par3ate gaye aura ghaTanAoM ko bhinna bhinna kAlaka ke sAtha jor3ate gye| tithi ke nirNaya meM yA zruta kA puna saMgraha karane meM jinhoM ne bAra bAra kucha hissA liyA unako kAlakAcArya kA biruda milA ho aisA bhI ho sakatA hai| ye bAteM vizeSa anusandhAna ke yogya haiN| munijI ne eka aura gAthA kI samIkSA hai jisakA bhI ullekha karanA caahiye| zrApa likhate haiM "uparyukta gAthAtroM ke atirikta kAlakAcArya viSayaka eka aura gAthA merutuGga kI 'vicAra-zreNi' ke pariziSTa meM likhI milatI hai, jisameM nirvANa samvat 320 meM kAlakAcArya kA honA likhA hai| usa gAthA ..kA artha isa prakAra hai-"vIra jinendra ke 320 varSa bAda kAlakAcArya hue, jinhoMne indra ko pratibodha diyaa|" isa gAthA se kAlakAcArya ke astitva kI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai para aisA karane kI 17. munizrI kalyANavijaya, Arya kAlaka, dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 66-67. 18. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 118-116. 66. vIranirvANa samvat aura jaina kAlagaNanA, pR0 56-58 kI pAdoMdha. 100. gAthA isa taraha hai sirivIraniziMdAo, varisasayA tinnivIsa (320) ahiyaao|

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134 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha koI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / zakrapratibodha ke nirdeza se hI yaha spaSTa hai ki ukta gAthokta ve hI haiM jinakA varNana 'yugapradhAna ' ke rUpa meM 'nigoda - vyAkhyAtA' vizeSaNa ke sAtha, yugapradhAna sthavirAvaliyoM meM kiyA gayA hai / " " jaba indrapratibodhaka nigoda-vyAkhyAtA prathama kAlaka hI haiM taba uttarAdhyayana-niryuktigAthA ke AdhAra se suvarNabhUmi ko gaye hoMge yaha bhI mAnanA caahiye| pariziSTa 4 nimittazAstrajJa Arya kAlaka * nizItha cUrNi, uddeza 1, pR0 70 meM nimnalikhita ullekha hai - " idANiM vijatti asya vyAkhyA vijA ubhayaM sevetti / ubhayaM NAma pAsattha gihatthA te vijamaMtajogAdiNimittaM sevetyarthaH / " isa taraha vidyAprApti ke nimitta sAdhu ko patita sAdhu athavA gRhastha kI bhI sevA karanI cAhiye aisI prAcIna zAstrakAra kI anujJA kA upayoga kAlakAcArya ke jIvana meM dekhane meM AtA hai| nimitta jJAna inhoMne zrAjIvaka-mata ke sAdhunoM se prApta kiyA / isa ghaTanA kA sphoTa karanevAlA paJcakalpacUrNigata ullekha hama pahale de cuke haiN| kAlakAcArya ne jo grantha banAye unakA ullekha paJcakalpabhASya aura paJcakalpacUrNi meM isI ghaTanA ke sAtha hI milatA hai aura hama isa ko dekha cuke haiM / munizrI kalyANa vijayajI isa viSaya meM kucha aura sAkSI bhI dete haiN| Apa likhate haiM- " pATana ke tADapatrIya pustaka bhaMDAra meM, tAr3apatra para likhe hue eka prakaraNa (lagabhaga caudahavIM sadI meM likhe hue isa prakaraNa kA nAma mAlUma nahIM huA) meM, hamane eka prAkRta gAthA par3hI thI, jisakA Azaya yaha haikAla sUri ne prathamAnuyoga meM jina, cakravartI, vAsudeva, Adi ke caritra aura unake pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA aura lokAnuyoga meM bahuta bar3e nimittazAstra kI racanA kI / xxx bhojasAgaragaNi nAmaka jaina vidvAn ne saMskRtabhASA meM ramala-vidyA-viSayaka eka graMtha likhA hai| usameM unhoM ne likhA hai ki pahale-pahala yaha vidyA kAlakAcArya ke dvArA yavana- deza se yahA~ lAI gaI thii| kintu ramala - vidyA ko yavana- deza se cAhe kAlakAcArya lAe hoM yA na bhI lAe hoM; para isase to itanA siddha hI hai ki nimitta athavA jyotiSa vidyA ke jaina vidvAn loga kAlakAcArya ko apane patha kA zrAdi pathika samajhate the / 1102 munijI likhate haiM- " zrArya kAlaka diggaja vidvAn ke atirikta eka krAMtikArI puruSa bhI the| vidvattA ke kAraNa unakI jitanI prasiddhi hai usa se kahIM adhika unake ghaTanAmaya jIvana se hai / xx Arya kAlaka kA pratyeka jIvana-prasaGga sAdhusthiti ke sAmAnya jIvana-lakSaNa se kucha zrAge bar3hA huA hai| 103 kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM meM jo do tatva sarvasAdhAraNa haiM, ve saba ghaTanAoM meM haiM - eka inakA nimittajJAna aura dUsarA unakA krAntikArI, sAhasika nIDara jIvana / 101. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 66-67. 102. dvivedI abhinandana grantha, pR0 105. 103. vahI, pR0 105.

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 135 pariziSTa 5 uttarAdhyayana niyukti aura cUrNi ke saMdarbha ujjeNI kAlakhamaNA sAgarakhamaNA suvrnnbhuumiie| iMdo AuyasesaM pucchai sAdivvakaraNaM ca / / 120 // uttarAdhyayana niyukti, 2 adhyayana 'ujjeNI kAlakhamaNA' gAthA (116-127) ujjeNIe ajakAlagA aAyariyA bahussuyA, tesiM sIso na koi nAma icchai paDhiuM, tassa sIsassa sIso bahussuzro sAgarakhamaNo nAma suvannabhUmIe gaccheNa viharai, pacchA aAyariyA palAyituM tattha gatA suvaraNabhUmI, so ya sAgarakhamaNo aNuyogaM kahayati paNNAparisahaM na sahati, bhaNaMti-khaMtA! gataM eyaM tubha suyakkhadhaM jAvokadhijatu, teNa bhaNNati-gataMti, to suNa, so suNAveuM payatto, te ya sijAyaraNibaMdhe kahite tassisA suvannabhUmi jato valitA, logo pucchati taM vRMdaM gacchaMtaM--ko esa Ayarizro gacchati ? teNa bhaNNati-kAlagAyariyA, taM jaNaparaMpareNa phusaMtaM kor3e sAgarakhamaNassa saMpattaM, jahA--kAlagAyariyA AgacchaMti, sAgarakhamaNo bhaNati-khaMta ! saccaM mama pitAmaho Agacchati ? teNa bhaNNati-mayAvi sutaM, AgayA sAdhuNo, so abbhuhito, so tehiM sAdhUhi bhaeNati-- khamAsamaNA keI ihAgatA ? pacchA so saMkito bhaNati-khaMto ekko paraM aAgato, Na tu jANAmi khamAsamaNA, pacchA so khAmeti, bhaNati--micchAmi dukkaDaM jaMettha mae prAsAdiyA, pacchA bhaNati-khamAsamaNA! kerisaM ahaM vakkhANemi? khamAsamaNeNa bhaNNati-laI, kiMtu mA gavvaM karehi ko jANati kassa ko Agamotti, pacchA dhUliNAeNa cikkhilapiMDaeNa ya AharaNaM kareMti, Na tahA kAyatvaM jahA sAgarakhamaNeNa kataM, tANa ajakAlagANa samIvaM sakko gitu nigoyajIve pucchati, jahA ajarakkhiyANaM tathaiva jAva sAdivyakaraNaM c| -uttarAdhyayanacUrNi, (RSabhadeva kezarImalajIzve. saMsthA, ratalAma, I0 sa0 1933), pR083-84 aura dekhiye, zrIzAntisUrikRta uttarAdhyayana-bRhadvRtti, bhAga 1, pR0 127-128 / / pariziSTa 6 vyavahArabhASya aura cUrNi ke saMdarbha bhASyagAthA purisajjAyA cauro vi bhAsiyabvA u ANupuvIe / zratthakare mANakare ubhayakare nobhayakare y|| 3 // paDhamataiyA etthaM tu saphalA niphphalA duve iyare / diDato sagateNA sevatA anerAyANaM // 4 // ujjeNI sagarAyaM nIyAgabvA na suTTha seveti| vittiyadANaM coja nivesayA aNNanive sevA // 5 // dhAvayapurato taha maggato yA sevai ya AsaNaM nIyaM / bhUmiyaMpi ya nisIyai iMgiyakArI u paDhamo u||6|| cikkhela annayA purato ugato se ego navari svto| tuDheNa tahA rannA vitI u supukkhalA dinA // 7 //

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136 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha triti na kare mANaM ca karei jAikulamANI / na nivasati bhUmIe ya na dhAvati tassa purato u // 8 // sevati dvito vi divi zrAsaNe pesito kuNai zrahaM / bii bhayakaro taiDa jujjhai ya raNe sabhAmaTTho // 6 // ubhaya niseho catthe veiya cautthehiM tattha na u laddhA / vitI iyarehiM laddhA dihaM tassuvaNato u // 10 // --- sabhASya vyavahArasUtra, 4 prakRta, gAthA 3-10, pR0 64-65. yahA~ bhASyagAthA 5-7 kI malayagirikRta TIkA dekhiye--- 66 'yadA kAlikAcAryeNa zakA zrAnItAstadA ujjayinyAM nagaryo zako rAjA jAtaH / tasya nijakAtmIyA eke'smAkaM jAtyA sadRza iti garvAttaM na suSThu sevante / tato rAjA teSAM vRttiM nAdAt / zravRttikAzca te caurya kartuM pravRttAH / tato rAjJA bahubhirjanairvijJatena nirviSayAH kRtAH tatastairdezAntaraM gatvA anyasya nRpasya sevA kartumArabdhA / tatraikaH puruSo rAjJo gacchata Agacchatazca purato dhAvati tathA mArgatazca kadAcid dhAvati rAjJazca UrdhvasthitasyopaviSTasya vA purataH sthitaH sevate yadyapi copaviSTaH san (taM) rAjAnamanujAnAti tathApi sa nIcamAsanamAzrayate / kadAcicca rAjJaH purato bhUmAvapi niSIdati rAjJazcaiGgitaM jJAtvA'nAjJaptopi vivakSita prayojanakArI anyadA ca rAjA pAnIyasya kardamasya madhyena dhAvitaH zeSazca bhUyAnloko niHkardamapradezena gantuM pravRttaH sa punaH zakapuruSo'zvasyAgrataH pAnIyena kardamena ca sevyamAna ekaH sa tasya purato dhAvati tatastasya rAjJA tuSTena supuSkalA pratiprabhUtA vRttirdattA / " ( vyavahArabhASya, u0 10, pR0 64 - 95 ). ina gAthAoM ke viSaya meM cUrNi bhI dekhanI cAhiye / -- "ujjeNI gAhA / yadA kAla sakA prANItA so sagarAyA ujeNIe rAyahANIe tassa saMgaNijjagA ahmaM jAtIe sarisotti kAuM gavveNaM taM rAyaM Na suhu sevanti / rAyA tesiM vittiM Na deti / avittIyA teNNaM ADhattaM kAuM bahujaNeNa viragavieNa te givvisatA katA / te aNNaM rAyaM zrolaggaeNa DAe ugatA / tatthego puriso raNNo tiMtaraNatassa puro dhAvati / zraNayA pANieyaM cikkhallaM ca majjheNa padhAvito / aNNo bahujaNo sukkeNa gato / so sagapuruso Asassa ajaNito pANieNa cikkhaleNa ya AsuhueNa sibvaMtovi purazro dhAvati / rAyA tuGo / " ( vyavahAracUrNi, hastalikhita prati, naM0 1584, munirAja zrIhaMsa vijaya zAstrasaMgraha, baDodA, patra 221 ). pariziSTa 7 anilasuta yava-rAjA, gardabha aura DoliyA mA evamasaggAhaM, girahasu girahasu suyaM taiyacakkhuM / kiMvA tume'nilasuto, na strapubvo javo rAyA // 1154 // saumya ! maivamasadgrAhaM gRhANa, gRhANa sUkSma-vyavahitAdiSvatIndriyArtheSu tRtIyamcakSuH kalpaM zrutam / kiM vA tvayA na zrutapUrvo'nilanarendrasuto yavo rAjA ? / / 1154 // kaH punaryavaH 1 ityAha jaba rAya dIhapaTTo, sacivo putto ya gaddabho tassa / dhUtA DoliyA gaddabheNa chUTA ya gaDagmi / 1155 / /

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suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya 137 pavvayaNaM ca nariMde, puNarAgama'DolikhelaNaM ceddaa| javapatthaNaM kharassA, uvasso pharusasAlAe // 1156 // yavo nAma raajaa| tasya dIrghapRSThaH scivH| gardabhazca putrH| duhitA addolikaa| sA ca gardabheNa tIvrarAgAdhyupapannena 'agaDe' bhUmigRhe viSayasevArtha kSiptA // 1155 // tacca jJAtvA vairAgyottaraGgitamanaso narendrasya prvrjnm| putrasnehAcca tasyojayinyAM punaH punraagmnm| anyadA ca ceTarUpANAmaDolikayA krIDanaM kharasya ca yvpraarthnm| tatazvopAzrayaH paruSa:-kumbhakArastasya zAlAyAmityakSarArthaH // 1156 // bhAvArthaH punarayam-104 ujjeNI ngrii| tattha anilasutro javo nAma raayaa| tassa putto gaddabho nAma juvraayaa| tassa dhUyA gaddabhassa juvaranno bhaiNI aDoliyA NAma, sA ya atiivruuvvtii| tassa ya juvaranno dIhapaTho shrmcco| tAhe so juvarAyA taM aDoliyaM bhagiNiM pAsittA ajhovavanno dubbliibhvti| amacceNa pucchishro| nibaMdhe sihN| amacceNa bhannati-sAgAriyaM bhavissati to esA bhUmighare chunbhati, tattha bhuMjAhi tAe samaM bhoe, logo jANissati 'sA kahiM pi vinhaa| 'evaM houtti kyN| annayA so rAyA taM kajja nAuM nivvedeNa pvvtiro| gaddabho rAyA jaato| so ya javo necchati paDhiuM, puttaneheNa ya puNo puNo ujjeNiM eti / annayA so ujjeNIe adUrasAmaMte javakhettaM, tassa samIve viismti| taM ca javakhecaM ego khettapAlazro rakkhati / iao ya ego gaddabho taM javakhettaM cariuM icchati tAhe teNa khettapAlaeNa so gaddabho bhannati zrAdhAvasI padhAvasI mamaM vA vi nirikkhsii| lakkhino te mayA bhAvo, javaM patthesi gaddabhA! // 1157 // ayaM bhASyAntargataH zlokaH kathAnakasamAtyanantaraM vyAkhyAsyate, evamuttarAvapi shloko| teNa sAhuNA so silogo ghiro| tattha ya ceDarUvANi ramaMti aDoliyAe, uMdoiyAe tti bhaNiyaM hoi| sA ya tersi ramaMtANaM aDoliyA nahA bile pddiyaa| pacchA tANi ceDarUvANi itro iro ya maggaMti taM aDoliyaM, na paasNti| pacchA egeNa ceDarUveNa taM bilaM pAsittA NAyaM-jA ettha na dIsati sA nUNaM eyammi bilammi pddiyaa| tAhe teNaM bhannati iao gayA iao gayA, maggijjaMtI na diisti| ahameyaM viyANAmi, agaDe chUDhA aDoliyA / / 1158 / / so viNaNaM silogo pddhiyo| pacchA teNa sAhuNA ujjeNiM pavisittA kuMbhakArasAlAe uvasso ghiro| so ya dIhapaho amacco teNaM javasAhuNA rAyatte viraahiyo| tAhe amacco ciMteti-'kahaM eyassa veraM nijjAemi?' ti kAuM gaddabharAyaM bhaNati-esa parIsahaparAtiyo aAgo rajjaM pelleukAmo, jati na pattiyasi pecchaha se uvassae shraauhaanni| teNa ya zramacceNa puvvaM ceva tANi aAuhANi tammi uvassae nUmiyANi pattiyAvaNa nimittN| rannA dihaanni| pttijjiyo| tIe akuMbhakArasAlAe uMduro dukiuM dukiuM 104. yahA~ se Age TIkAntargata prAkRta-kathAnaka bRhatkalpacUrNi ke pATha se uddhRta hai, kucha gauNa pharka hai| isa lie yahA~ cUrNi kA pATha avatarita nahIM kiyA hai| 105. jAsi esi puNo ceva, pAsesU ttirittillsi| lakkhito te mayA bhAvo javaM patyesi gaddamA // iti rUpA gAthA bRhtklpcuupauN|

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138 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha zrosarati bhennN| tAhe teNaM kumbhakAreNaM bhannati sukumAlaga! bhaddalayA! rati hiNddnnsiilyaa!| bhayaM te natthi maMmUlA, dIhapaTTAno te bhayaM // 1156 // soviNeNa silogo ghiyo| tAhe so rAyA taM piyaraM mAreukAmo rahaM mgh| pagAse ur3Aho hohiti kAuM amacceNa samaM rattiM pharusasAlaM allINo acchti| tattha teNa sAhuNA paDhio paDhamo silogo "aAdhAvasI pdhaavsii".........|| (gA0 1157).06 ranA nAyaM-vetiyA mo, dhuvaM atisesI esa sAdhU / tazro bitimro paDhio ---" itro gatA izro gtaa............||" (gA0 1158) taM piNeNaM parigayaM, jahA jAtayaM (v. 1. nAyaM) eteNa / to tatitro paDhiyo-" sukumAlaga ! bhddlyaa............||" (gA0 1156) / tAhe jANati-esa amacco mamaM ceva mAreukAmo, katro mamaM rAtA (rAyA) hoUM saMte bhoe pariccaittA puNo te cetra pattheti ?, esa amacco maM mAreukAmo evaM jattaM krei| tAhe rAyA amaccassa sIsaM chettaM sAhussa uvagaMtuM savvaM kahei khAmei y|| atha zlokatrayasyAkSarArthaH-zrA-ISad Abhimukhyena vA dhAvasi prAdhAvasi, prakarSeNa pRSThato vA dhAvasi pradhAvasi, mAmapi ca nirIkSase, lakSitaste mayA 'bhAvaH' abhiprAyo yathA 'yavaM' yavadhAnyaM carituM prArthayasi bho giibh| dvitIyapakSe yavanAmAnaM rAjAnaM mArayituM bho grdbhnRpte| prArthayasIti prathamazlokaH // 1157 // ito gatA ito gatA, mRgyamANA na dRzyate, ahametad vijAnAmi 'agaDe' bhUmigRhe garttAyAM vA kSiptA 'aDolikA' undoyikA nRpatiduhitA vaa| dvitIyazlokaH // 1154 // mUSakasya rAjJazca zarIrasaukumAryabhAvAt sukumAraka! ityAmantraNam, 'bhaddalaga 'tti bhadrAkRte! rAtrau hiNDanazIla ! mUSakasya divA mAnuSAvazokanacakitatayA rAjJastu vIracaryayA rAtrau paryaTanazIlatvAt, bhayaM 'te' tava nAsti 'manmUlAt ' mannimittAt kintu 'dIrghapRSThAt ' ekatra sarpAt anyatra tu amAtyAt 'te' tava bhayamiti tRtIyazlokaH // 1156 // -vRhakalpasUtra, vibhAga, 2, prathama uddeza, sUtra 1, bhASyagAthA 1157-61, pR0 356-361. uparyukta avataraNa kI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA jarUrI hai| sArI kathA aitihAsika na ho kintu gardabha lagatA hai jisakA kAlakakathA se sambandha hai| yahA~ bhI usakA kAmI svabhAva prakaTita hai| aDoliyA nAma paradezI (zAyada kisI grIka-yAvanI) nAma kA rUpAntara lagatA hai| DA. zAntilAla zAha ne apane grantha meM anumAna kiyA hai ki anilasuta vaha Antialkidas hai aura gardabha vaha Khardaa ' 0 0 hai, yaha hameM ThIka nahIM lagatA, kyoMki Antialkidas kA anilasuta honA azakya hai| aura anila kA suta aisA artha leM taba bhI vaha Antialkidas nahIM ho sakatA aura Khardaa (mathurA ke siMha-dhvaja ke lekha meM uddiSTa) isa Antialkidas kA lar3akA nahIM ho sktaa| zrI zAntilAla zAha kA yaha anumAna ki "aNilasuto javo NAma rAyA" ki jagaha "aNilasuto NAma yavano rAyA" honA cAhiye usase bhI pUrA saMtoSa nahIM hotA kyoMki usakA lar3akA Khardaa nahIM hai| phira bhI gardabha kauna ? isa viSaya ke saMzodhana meM sambhava hai yaha avataraNa madatarUpa ho bhI jAya ! kAlaka ke jIvana kI ghaTanAoM ke viSaya meM cUrNiyoM ke, kathAnakoM ke anya avataraNa hama yahA~ nahIM dete kyoMki ve sabhI navAba aura DA0 brAuna ne saGgrahIta kiye hue haiN| 106. gAthAyeM 1157, 1158, 1156 upara dI gaI haiM isa lie hamane yahA~ pUrI avatArita nahIM kI haiN| 107. zAntilAla zAha, dha TreDizanala kraoNnolaoNji oNpha dha jaina pR0 61,68. mathurA ke siMha-dhvaja meM Khardaa ke ullekha ke lie dekho epigrAphiyA inDikA vaoN0 6, pR0 140, 147.

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136 suvarNabhUmi meM kAlakAcArya upasaMhAra isa lekha kA uddezya hai jaina sAkSiyoM kI chAnabIna krnaa| isa samIkSA se hama nizcitarUpa se haka sakate haiM ki kAlaka aitihAsika vyakti the| eka to unhoMne anuyogAdi granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA aura dUsarA inhIM granthoM meM se pravrajyAviSayaka kAlakaracita gAthAyeM milI haiN| nigoda-vyAkhyAnakAra, suvarNabhUmi ko jAne vAle, Arya samudra ke dAdAguru aura anuyoganirmAtA, bhAjIvikoM se nimitta par3hanevAle aura jinhoMne sAtavAhana rAjA ko mathurA kA bhaviSya kahA thA vaha kAlaka Arya zyAma hI haiN| itanA to nizcita hI hai| dharmaghoSasUri ne zrIRSimaNDalastava meM prajJApanAkAra zyAmArya ko prathamAnuyoga aura lokAnuyoga ke kartA kAlakasUri kahA hai| kAlaka ke bAda unhoMne Arya samudra kI stuti kI hai nijjUdA jeNa tayA pannavaNA svvbhaavpnnvnnaa| tevIsaimo puriso pavAro so jayau sAmajjo // 180 / / paDhamaNuoge kAsI jinnckkidsaarpuvvbhve| kAlagasUrI bahuaM logaNuoge nimittaM ca // 181 // ajasamuddagaNahare dubbalie dhippae pihU savvaM / suttatthacaramaporisisamuchie tiriNa kiikammA // 182 // . -jainastotrasandoha, bhAga 1, pR0 326-30. devendrasUri ke ziSya zrI dharmaghoSasUri kA lekhanasamaya hai| vi0 saM0 1320-1357 AsapAsa / ataH I0 sa0 kI teharavIM zatAbdi meM, saGkabhASya Adi ke kartA, zrIdharmaghoSasUri jaise prAcArya bhI zyAmArya ko hI anuyogakAra kAlakAcArya mAnate the| gaIbharAjocchedaka kAlaka bhI ve hI Arya zyAma haiM aisA hamArA mata hai| kintu abhI bhI agara kisI ko zaGkA rahI ho, to inako yahI dekhanA cAhiye ki balamitra-bhAnumitra aura Arya kAlaka kA samakAlInatva to nizcita hI hai| purAne granthoM kA pramANa hai| phira paTTAvaliyoM kI paTTadhara kAlagaNanA yA sthavirakAlagaNanA yA nRpakAlagaNanA jinameM kahIM kahIM gar3abar3a hai unako chor3a kara svataMtra prAcIna granthasAkSiyoM se hamane batAyA hai ki gardabhocchedaka kAlaka aura dUsarI ghaTanAoM ke nAyaka Arya kAlaka eka hI haiM aura ve guNasundara ke ziSya AryazyAma hI hone caahiye| inakA samaya I0 sa0 pUrva pahalI yA dUsarI zatAbdi hai| jinako dUsare kAlaka (vIrAt 453) maMjUra hai ina ke hisAba se bhI kAlaka ke suvarNabhUmigamana kA samaya i0 sa0 pUrva pahalI zatAbdi to hai hii| kAlaka kisI sAtavAhana rAjA ke samakAlIna the| vaha rAjA kauna thA? kyoM ki kAlaka eka kAlpanika vyakti nahIM haiM isa lie aba sAtavAhana vaMza ke itihAsa ke bAre meM vidvAnoM ko phira socavicAra karanA caahiye| paJcakalpabhASya, bRhatkalpabhASya jaise granthoM ke kartA saGghadAsagaNi kSamAzramaNa ne yA dUsare bhASyakAra cUrNikAra ne jo aitihAsika bAteM likhI haiM ve bilakula kapolakalpita nahIM kintu jyAdAtara

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140 AcArya vijayavallabhasUri smAraka graMtha aitihAsika tattvavAlI pratIta hotI jA rahI haiN| kuNAla, samprati aura azokaviSayaka kathA jo bRhatkalpabhASya meM hai usakI aitihAsikatA kI pratIti DA0 motIcandrajI ne inDiana hisTaoNrikala kA~gresa, 17 vA~ sammilana, 1654, ahamadAbAda meM apane vibhAgIya-pramukha vyAkhyAna meM karavAI hai| bhASyoM meM muruNDa rAjAoM ke ullekha bhI aAkhira satya mAlUma hue the| samprati ne jaina sAdhuoM ke vihAra ke lie, Andhra aura dakSiNa meM suvidhAyeM kI yaha bhI satyaghaTanA hai| pazcimI aura dakSiNI bhArata meM (draviDa-pradeza)meM samprati ne mauryasAmrAjya ko bar3hAyA yA balavattara kiyA hai| bRhatkalpabhASya aura Avazyaka cUrNi ke nahapAna aura sAtavAhana ke bIca ke saMgharSa kI aura sAtavAhana rAjA kI jIta kI bAta bhI satya mAlUma par3I hai, kyoM ki gautamIputra sAtakarNI ne nahapAna ke sikkoM para phira apanI mahora lagAI hai| hamAre khayAla meM nahapAna ko jItanevAlA sAtavAhana kAlaka ke samakAlIna sAtavAhana nareza ke bAda kA rAjA hai| balamitra-bhAnumitra aura kAlaka kA samakAlIna sAtavAhana I0 sa0 pUrva kI prathama zatAbdi ke pUrvArddha yA I0 sa0 pUrva kI dvitIya zatAbdi ke uttarArddha meM huaA thaa| vaha sAtavAhana kauna thA ? ye bAteM aba phira vicAraNIya haiM kyoM ki kAlaka sacamuca huaA thaa| jaina Agama-sAhitya bhAratIya saMskRti aura itihAsa ke adhyayana meM ati mahattva kA hai isa bAta kI ora yogya dhyAna nahIM gayA hai| isa prAgana sAhitya meM kaI bAteM aisI haiM jinakA mahattva prAcIna bauddha sAhitya se yA brAhmaNa sAhitya se kama nhiiN| ina tInoM sAhitya kA adhyayana eka dUsare kA pUraka hai| jisa ko hama purAtattva meM Northern Black Polished Ware (N.B.P.) kahate haiM yA azoka ke jamAne kA jo High Polish dekhane meM zrAtA hai, usakA eka mAtra varNana-saMdarbha hameM jaina aupapAtika sUtra meM pRthivIzilApaTa ke varNaka meM milatA haiN|' 08 isase hameM cAhiye ki jaina zrAgama sAhitya, vizeSa karake bhASyoM aura cUrNiyoM kI ora jyAdA dhyAna deN| isakI acchI samIkSA bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa meM hameM sahAyyaka hogii| bhASAzAstriyoM ke lie bhI bhASyoM aura vizeSataH cUrNiyoM meM vipula sAmagrI par3I hai| ___ suvarNabhUmi aura suvarNadvIpa meM bhAratIya saMskRti ke pracAra meM pazcima aura madhya bhArata kA bhI hissA hai jisakI ora bhI dhyAna denA jurUrI hai| sUraka se suvarNabhUmi jAnevAle vyApAriyoM kI kathA jAtakoM meM milatI hai| kAlaka ke kArya pradeza bhI pazcima, dakSiNa aura mAdhyabhArata the aura ve suvarNabhUmi meM gye| gujarAta ke vyApArI jAvA ko jAte the, guptottara kAla meM bhii| gujarAtI meM isa matalaba kI eka kahAvata hai ki jo jAvA ko jAtA hai vaha bahudhA vApasa nahIM pAtA hai aura yadi koI loTa AyA, to itanA dhana lAtA hai jo pIr3hiyoM taka zrakhUTa rahe / prAcIna jAvA ke rAmAyaNa 'kAkavina' 105 kA vastu pazcima bhArata meM racita bhaTTikAvya se vizeSataH liyA gayA hai yaha bAta bhI sUcaka hai| 108. dekho, umAkAnta zAha, sTaDIjha ina jaina ArTa (banArasa, 1655), pR0 61-66-83. 106. isake vizeSa vivaraNa ke liye dekhiye, DaoN. so0 hUzkAsakRta da bolDa-jAvAnIjha rAmAyaNa kAkavina, zrevanahega (naidalainDajha), 1655. 110. isa lekha kI hindI bhASAzuddhi aura prapha dekhane ke liye zrI jayantabhAI ThAkara aura paM0 dalasukhabhAI mAlava piyAjI kA RNI huuN|