Streemukti Anyatairthikmukti evam Savastramukti ka Prashna

Author(s): Sagarmal Jain
Publisher: Z_Sagar_Jain_Vidya_Bharti_Part_3_001686.pdf
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/229145/1

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna yApanIya paramparA ke viziSTa siddhAntoM meM strImukti, sagranthamukti ( gRhasthamukti ) aura anyatairthikamukti aisI avadhAraNAe~ haiM, jo use digambara paramparA se pRthak karatI haiN| eka ora yApanIya saMgha acelakatva ( digambaratva ) kA samarthaka hai, to dUsarI ora vaha strImukti, sagrantha ( gRhastha ) mukti, anyatairthika ( anyaliMga ) mukti Adi kA bhI samarthaka hai| yahI bAta use zvetAmbara Agamika paramparA ke samIpa khar3A kara detI hai| yadyapi strImukti kI avadhAraNA to zvetAmbara paramparA ke prAcIna Agama sAhitya uttarAdhyayana, jJAtAdharmakathA Adi meM bhI upasthita rahI hai, phira bhI tArkika rUpa se isakA samarthana sarvaprathama yApanIyoM ne hI kiyaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki skhImukti niSedha ke svara sarvaprathama pA~cavIMchaThI zatI meM dakSiNa bhArata meM hI mukhara hue aura cU~ki yahA~ Agamika paramparA ko mAnya karane vAlA yApanIya saMgha upasthita thA, ata: use hI usakA pratyuttara denA pdd'aa| zvetAmbaroM ko strImukti sambandhI vivAda kI jAnakArI yApanIyoM se prApta huii| zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra ( AThavIM zatI ) ne sarvaprathama isa carcA ko apane grantha lalitavistarA meM yApanIya tantra ke ullekha ke sAtha uThAyA hai| isake pUrva, bhASya aura cUrNi sAhitya meM yaha carcA anupalabdha hai| isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to hameM yaha dekhanA hogA ki isa tArkika carcA ke pahale strImukti ke samarthaka aura niSedhaka-nirdeza kina granthoM meM milate haiN| sarvaprathama hameM uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke antima adhyayana (I0 pU0 dvitIya-prathama zatI ) meM strI kI tadbhava mukti kA spaSTa ullekha prApta hotA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA ke atirikta yApanIya paramparA meM bhI uttarAdhyayana kI mAnyatA thI aura usake adhyayana-adhyApana kI paramparA usameM lagabhaga navIM zatI taka jIvita rahI hai, kyoMki aparAjita ne apanI bhagavatI ArAdhanA kI TIkA meM uttarAdhyayana se aneka gAthAe~ uddhRta kI haiM, jo kvacit pAThabheda ke sAtha vartamAna uttarAdhyayana meM bhI upalabdha haiN| samavAyAMga, nandIsUtra Adi zvetAmbara mAnya AgamoM meM aMgabAhya Agama ke rUpa meM, tattvArthabhASya ke sAtha-sAtha tattvArthasUtra kI digambara TIkAoM meM evaM SaTakhaNDAgama kI

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114 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna dhavalATIkA meM bhI prakIrNaka grantha ke rUpa meM uttarAdhyayana kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne uttarAdhyayana ko I0 pU0 tRtIya se I0 pU0 prathama zatI ke madhya kI racanA mAnA hai| uttarAdhyayana kI apekSA kiMcit paravartI zvetAmbara mAnya Agama jJAtAdharmakathA (I0 pU0 prathama zatI ) meM malli nAmaka adhyAya ( I0 san prathama zatI ) meM tathA antakRddazAMga ke aneka adhyayanoM meM strImukti ke ullekha haiN| Agamika vyAkhyA AvazyakacUrNi ( sAtavIM zatI ) meM bhI marudevI kI mukti kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta digambara paramparA dvArA mAnya yApanIya grantha kaSAyaprAbhRta evaM SakhaNDAgama bhI strImukti ke samarthaka haiN| isase aisA pratIta hotA hai ki IsvI san kI pA~cavIM-chaThI zatAbdI taka jaina-paramparA meM kahIM bhI strImukti kA niSedha nahIM thaa| strImukti evaM sagrantha ( savastra ) kI mukti kA sarvaprathama niSedha AcArya kundakunda ne suttapAhuDa meM kiyA hai| yadyapi yApanIya grantha SaTakhaNDAgama bhI suttapAhuDa kA hI samakAlIna grantha mAnA jA sakatA hai, phira bhI usameM strImukti kA niSedha nahIM hai, apitu mUla-granthoM meM to paryApta manuSyanI (strI) meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kI sambhAvanA svIkArakara prakArAntara se usakI tadbhava mukti svIkAra kI gaI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki strImukti ke nirdeza hameM IsvI pUrva ke Agamika granthoM se lekara IsA kI sAtavIM zatI taka kI Agamika vyAkhyAoM meM milate haiN| phira bhI unameM kahIM bhI strImukti kI tArkika siddhi kA kahIM koI prayatna nahIM dekhA jaataa| isakI tArkika siddhi kI AvazyakatA to taba hotI, jaba kisI ne usakA niSedha kiyA hotA! strImukti kA niSedha kundakunda ke pUrva kisI bhI AcArya ne kiyA ho, aisA eka bhI pramANa nahIM hai| yadyapi yaha vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai ki suttapAhuDa kundakunda kI racanA hai yA nhiiN| phira bhI eka bAra yadi hama yaha mAna bhI leM ki suttapAhuDa kundakunda kI hI racanA hai, to bhI usa grantha evaM usake kartA kA kAla chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA to nahIM ho sakatA, kyoMki kundakunda kI racanAoM meM guNasthAna aura saptabhaMgI kI avadhAraNAe~ spaSTa rUpa se ullikhita haiM jo lagabhaga pA~cavIM-chaThI zatI meM astitva meM A cukI thiiN| ema0 e0 DhAkI ne kundakunda ke samaya para pUrva mAnyatAoM kI samIkSA karate hue vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai aura ve unheM chaThI zatAbdI ke pUrva kA kisI bhI sthiti meM svIkAra nahIM karate haiN|5 tattvArthabhASya ( lagabhaga caturtha zatI ) meM siddhoM ke anuyogadvAra kI carcA karate hue liMgAnuyogadvAra kI dRSTi se bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai|' bhASya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha liMga zabda para usake donoM arthoM kI dRSTi se vicAra karatA hai| apane prathama artha meM liMga kA tAtparya hai - puruSa, strI yA napuMsaka rUpa

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 115 zArIrika rcnaaeN| liMga ke isa prathama artha kI dRSTi se usameM uttarAdhyayana ke samAna hI strI, puruSa aura napuMsaka tInoM liMgoM se mukti kA ullekha hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI ullekha hai ki pratyutpanna bhAva arthAt vartamAna meM kAma-vAsanA kI upasthiti kI dRSTi se aveda arthAt kAma-vAsanA se rahita vyakti kI hI mukti hotI hai| kintu pUrva bhava kI apekSA se to tInoM vedoM se siddhi hotI hai| sAtha hI usameM liMga kA artha veza karate hue kahA gayA hai pratyutpanna bhava arthAt vartamAna bhava kI apekSA se to aliMga arthAt liMga ke prati mamatva se rahita vyakti hI siddha hote haiM, kintu pUrva bhavaliMga kI apekSA se svaliMga hI siddha hote haiN| punaH dravyaliMga arthAt bAhya veza kI apekSA se svaliMga, anyaliMga aura gRhaliMga tInoM hI vikalpa se siddha hote haiN| tattvArthabhASya ke pazcAt tattvArtha kI digambara paramparA kI TIkAoM meM sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM kahA gayA hai ki veda kI dRSTi se tInoM vedoM ke abhAva meM hI siddhi hotI hai| dravyaliMga arthAt zArIrika saMracanA kI dRSTi se pulliga hI siddha hote haiM kintu bhUtapUrva naya kI apekSA se to sagranthaliMga se bhI siddhi hotI hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama sarvArthasiddhi meM isa bAta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki mukti puruSa liMga se hI prApta ho sakatI hai| usake pazcAt rAjavArtikakAra akalaMka bhI sarvArthasiddhi ke ullekha kA hI samarthana karake raha jAte haiN| usase adhika ve bhI kucha nahIM kahate haiN| zvetAmbara paramparA meM AvazyakamUlabhASya ( pA~cavIM zatI ), vizeSAvazyakabhASya ( chaThI zatI ) aura AvazyakacUrNi ( sAtavIM zatI ) meM hameM acelakatva aura sacelakatva ke prazna ko lekara Arya zivabhUti aura Arya kRSNa ke madhya hue vivAda ke pakSa aura pratipakSa ke vividha tarkoM kA ullekha to milatA hai kintu cUrNi ke kAla taka arthAt sAtavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka hameM eka bhI saMketa aisA nahIM milatA, jisameM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne svImukti kA tArkika samarthana kiyA ho| isase aisA lagatA hai ki sAtavIM zatAbdI taka unheM isa tathya kI jAnakArI bhI nahIM thI ki strImukti ke sandarbha meM koI pratipakSa bhI hai| strI kI pravrajyA ( mahAvratAropaNa ) aura strImukti kA niSedha sarvaprathama AcArya kundakunda ne lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM kiyA aura usa sambandha meM apane kucha tarka bhI diye| pUjyapAda ne strImukti kA niSedha to kiyA, phira bhI unhoMne strImakti ke khaNDana ke sandarbha meM koI tarka prastuta nahIM kiyaa| AcArya kundakunda ne hI sarvaprathama suttapAhuDa meM yaha kahA hai ki jina mArga meM savastra kI mukti nahIM ho sakatI cAhe vaha tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na hoM ?' savastra kI mukti ke niSedha meM strImukti kA niSedha garbhita hai,

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116 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna kyoMki strI nirvastra nahIM ho sakatI hai| strI kA mahAvratAropaNa arthAt pravrajyA kyoM nahIM ho sakatI isake sandarbha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki isake kukSi ( garbhAzaya ), nAbhi aura stana meM sUkSma jIva hote haiM, isaliye usakI pravrajyA kaise ho sakatI hai? 10 punaH yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki usameM mana kI pavitratA nahIM hotI, ve asthiramanA hotI haiM tathA unameM rajasrAva hotA hai isaliye unakA dhyAna cintArahita nahIM ho sktaa| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sarvaprathama kundakunda ke suttapAhuDa meM hI strImukti kA tArkika khaNDana upalabdha hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM digambara paramparA meM strImukti kA tArkika niSedha chaThI zatAbdI se prArambha huaa| isake pUrva isa paramparA meM isa sambandha meM kyA mAnyatA thI, yaha jAnane kA hamAre pAsa koI srota nahIM hai| zvetAmbara paramparA meM sAtavIM zatAbdI taka strImukti ke isa tArkika niSedha kA kahIM koI khaNDana kiyA gayA ho, aisI sUcanA bhI upalabdha nahIM hotii| sambhavataH sAtavIM zatAbdI taka zvetAmbara AcArya kisI aisI paramparA se avagata hI nahIM the jo strImukti kA niSedha karatI thii| strImukti ke niSedhaka tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara zvetAmbaroM ne nahIM, apitu acelakatva kI samarthaka yApanIya paramparA ne hI diyaa| cU~ki kundakunda dakSiNa meM hue the aura yApanIya bhI dakSiNa meM hI upasthita the, ata: pahalI coTa bhI una para hI huI thI aura pahalA pratyuttara bhI unheM hI denA par3A thaa| sarvaprathama lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI meM yApanIyoM ne isakA pratyuttara diyaa| yApanIya sampradAya ke ina tarkoM kA anusaraNa paravartI zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne bhI kiyaa| zvetAmbara AcAryoM meM sarvaprathama haribhadra ne AThavIM zatI meM lalitavistarA meM strImukti kA samarthana kiyA hai, kintu unhoMne bhI apanI ora se koI tarka na dekara isa sambandha meM yApanIyatantra nAmaka ( vartamAna meM anupalabdha ) kisI yApanIya prAkRta grantha ko uddhRta mAtra kiyA hai| isase aisA lagatA hai ki kundakunda ne lagabhaga chaThI zatAbdI meM strImukti ke niSedha ke sandarbha meM jo tarka diye the, usakA khaNDana yApanIyoM ne lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kiyA aura yApanIyoM ke tarkoM ko gRhIta karake hI AThavIM zatAbdI se zvetAmbara paramparA meM bhI strImukti niSedhaka digambara paramparA kA khaNDana kiyA jAne lgaa| yApanIyatantra ke pazcAt strImukti ke samarthana meM sarvaprathama yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ne lagabhaga navIM zatI meM 'strI-nirvANaprakaraNa' nAmaka svatantra grantha kI racanA kI aura usa para svopajJavRtti bhI likhii| isake bAda donoM hI paramparAoM meM strImukti ke pakSa evaM vipakSa meM likhA jAne lgaa| strImukti ke pakSa meM zvetAmbara paramparA meM haribhadra ( AThavIM zatI ) ke pazcAt abhayadeva ( I0 san 1000 ), zAntisUri ( I0 san 1120 ), malayagiri

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna ( I0 san 1150 ), hemacandra ( I0 san 1160 ), vAdideva ( I0 san 1170), ratnaprabha ( I0 san 1250 ), guNaratna ( I0 san 1400 ), yazovijaya ( I0 san 1660 ), meghavijaya ( I0 san 1700 ) ne apanI kalama claaii| dUsarI ora strImukti ke vipakSa meM digambara paramparA meM vIrasena ( lagabhaga I0 san 800 ), devasena ( I0 san 980 ), nemicanda ( I0 san 1050 ), prabhAcanda ( I0 san 980-1065 ), jayasena ( I0 san 1150 ), bhAvasena ( I0 san 1275 ) Adi ne apanI lekhanI claaii|12 yahA~ hamAre liye una sabakI vistRta carcA karanA sambhava nahIM hai| isa sandarbha meM hama yApanIya AcAryoM ke kucha pramukha toM kA ullekha karake isa viSaya ko virAma deNge| jo pAThaka isa sambandha meM vizeSa jAnane ko icchuka hoM, unheM pro0 padmanAbha jainI ke grantha Gender Salvation ko dekhanA caahiye| jaisA ki hamane pUrva meM sUcita kiyA hai, zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sAhitya meM strImukti ke ullekha to milate haiM kintu unameM kahIM bhI usakA tArkika samarthana nahIM huA hai| digambara paramparA meM strImukti kA sarvaprathama tArkika khaNDana kundakunda ke granthoM meM milatA hai| kundakunda ne isa sambandha meM sarvaprathama to yahI tarka diyA thA ki jinazAsana meM vastradhArI siddha nahIM ho sakatA cAhe vaha tIrthaGkara hI kyoM na ho ? 12 isase aisA lagatA hai ki strImukti ke niSedha kI AvazyakatA tabhI huI jaba acelatA ko hI eka mAtra mokSamArga mAna liyA gyaa| hameM yahA~ kahane meM saMkoca nahIM hai ki acelatA ke ekAnta Agraha ne hI isa avadhAraNA ko janma diyA, kyoMki zArIrika AvazyakatA evaM sAmAjika maryAdA ke kAraNa strI nagna nahIM raha sktii| nagna hue binA mukti nahIM hotI, isaliye strI mukta nahIM ho sktii| isI Agraha ke kAraNa gRhasthaliMgasiddha aura anyaliMgasiddha ( sagranthamukti ) kI Agamika avadhAraNA kA niSedha bhI Avazyaka ho gyaa| Age calakara jaba strI ko pravrajyA ke ayogya batAne ke liye tarka Avazyaka hue, to yaha kahA gayA ki yadi strI, darzana se zuddha tathA mokSamArga se mukta hokara ghora cAritra kA pAlana kara rahI ho, to bhI use pravrajyA nahIM dI jA sktii|" vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaba pravrajyA ko acelatA se bhI jor3a diyA gayA taba yaha kahanA Avazyaka ho gayA ki strI paMcamahAvrata rUpa dIkSA kI adhikArI nahIM hai| yaha bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA ki jo savastraliMga hai vaha zrAvakoM kA hai| ata: kSullaka evaM ailaka ke sAtha-sAtha AryikA kI gaNanA bhI zrAvaka/zrAvikA ke varga meM kI gii| acela paramparA meM bhI kundakunda ke pUrva striyA~ dIkSita hotI thIM aura unako mahAvrata bhI pradAna kiye jAte the| digambara paramparA meM kundakunda hI aise prathama AcArya pratIta .

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118 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna hote haiM jinhoMne spaSTa rUpa se strI kI pravrajyA kA niSedha kiyA thA aura yaha tarka diyA thA ki striyA~ svabhAva se hI zithila pariNAma vAlI hotI haiM, isaliye unake citta kI vizuddhi sambhava nahIM hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA gayA ki striyA~ mAsika dharma vAlI hotI haiM, ata: striyoM meM ni:zaMka dhyAna sambhava nahIM hai| yaha satya hai ki zArIrika tathA sAmAjika kAraNoM se pUrNa nagnatA strI ke liye sambhava nahIM hai aura jaba savastra kI pravrajyA evaM mukti kA niSedha kara diyA gayA to strImukti kA niSedha to usakA anivArya pariNAma thA hii| puna: AcArya kundakunda ne aparigraha ke sAtha-sAtha strI ke dvArA ahiMsA kA pUrNata: pAlana bhI asambhava maanaa| unakA tarka hai ki striyoM ke stanoM ke antara meM, nAbhi evaM kukSi ( garbhAzaya ) meM sUkSmakAya jIva hote haiN| isaliye unakI pravrajyA kaise ho sakatI hai| yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki kundakunda ne jo tarka prastuta kiye haiM ve vastuta: strI kI pravrajyA ke niSedha ke liye haiN| strImukti kA niSedha to usakA anivArya phalita avazya hai kyoMki jaba acelatA hI ekamAtra mokSa-mArga hai aura strI ke liye acelatA sambhava nahIM hai to phira usake liye na to pravrajyA sambhava hogI aura na hI mukti| hama dekhate haiM ki kundakunda ke ina tarkoM kA sarvaprathama uttara sambhavataH yApanIya paramparA ke 'yApanIyatantra' ( yApanIya-Agama ) nAmaka grantha meM diyA gayA hai| vartamAna meM yaha grantha anupalabdha hai kintu isakA vaha aMza jisameM strImukti kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai, haribhadra ke lalitavistarA meM uddhRta hone se surakSita hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki strI ajIva nahIM hai, na vaha abhavya hai, na samyagdarzana ke ayogya hai, na amanuSya hai, na anArya kSetra meM utpanna hai, na asaMkhyAta AyuSya vAlI hai, na vaha atikrUramati hai, na upazAnta moha hai, na azuddhAcArI hai, na azuddhazarIrA hai, na vaha varjita vyavasAyavAlI hai, na apUrvakaraNa kI virodhI hai, na naveM guNasthAna se rahita hai, na labdhi se rahita hai aura na akalyANa bhAjana hai to phira vaha uttama dharma arthAt mokSa kI ArAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ?" __AcArya haribhadra ne ukta yApanIya sandarbha kI vistRta vyAkhyA bhI kI hai| ve likhate haiM - jIva hI sarvottama dharma, mokSa kI sAdhanA kara sakatA hai aura strI jIva hai, isaliye vaha sarvottama dharma kI ArAdhaka kyoM nahIM ho sakatI ? yadi yaha kahA jAya ki sabhI jIva to mukti ke adhikArI nahIM haiM jaise abhavya, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ to abhavya bhI nahIM hotiiN| puna: yaha tarka bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki sabhI bhavya bhI to mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| jaise -- mithyAdaSTibhavyajIva, to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ to samyak darzana ke ayogya bhI nahIM kahI jA sktii| yadi isa para yaha kahA jAya ki strI ke samyagdRSTi hone se

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strImukti, anyatairthika mukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 119 kyA hotA hai, pazu bhI samyagdRSTi ho sakatA hai, kintu vaha to mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hotA hai| isa para yApanIyoM kA pratyuttara yaha hai ki strI pazu nahIM, manuSya hai| punaH yaha Apatti uThAI jA sakatI hai ki sabhI manuSya bhI to siddha nahIM hote, jaise anAryakSetra meM yA bhogabhUmi meM utpanna manuSya / isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki striyA~ Arya deza meM bhI to utpanna hotI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki Arya deza meM utpanna hokara ' bhI asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAle arthAt yogalika mukti ke yogya nahIM hote, to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ asaMkhyAta varSa kI AyuSya vAlI bhI nahIM hotIM / punaH yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki saMkhyAta varSa kI Ayu vAle hokara bhI jo atikrUramati hoM, ve bhI mukti ke pAtra nahIM hote to isakA uttara yaha hai ki sabhI striyA~ atikrUramati bhI nahIM hotIM kyoMki striyoM meM to saptama naraka kI AyuSya bA~dhane yogya tIvra - raudra dhyAna kA abhAva hotA hai| yaha usameM ati krUratA ke abhAva kA tathA usake karuNAmaya svabhAva kA pramANa hai aura isaliye usameM mukti ke yogya prakRSTa zubhabhAva kA abhAva nahIM mAnA jA sakatA / punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki svabhAva se karuNAmaya hokara bhI jo moha ko upazAnta karane meM samartha nahIM hotA, vaha bhI mukti kA adhikArI nahIM hotA to aisA bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki kucha striyA~ moha kA upazamana karatI huI dekhI jAtI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki moha kA upazamana karane para bhI yadi koI vyakti azuddhAcArI hai, to vaha mokSa prApta nahIM kara sakatA to isake nirAkaraNa ke liye kahA gayA hai ki sabhI striyA~ azuddhAcArI ( durAcArI ) nahIM hotiiN| isa para yadi koI tarka kare ki zuddha AcAra vAlI hokara bhI striyA~ zuddha zarIra vAlI nahIM hotIM, isaliye ve mokSa kI adhikArI nahIM haiM, to isake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki sabhI striyA~ to azuddha zarIra vAlI nahIM hotIM / pUrva karmoM ke kAraNa kucha striyoM kI kukSi, stanapradeza Adi azuci se rahita bhI hote haiN| yaha tarka kundakunda kI avadhAraNA kA spaSTa pratyuttara hai / punaH zuddha zarIra vAlI hokara bhI yadi strI paraloka hitakArI pravRtti se rahita ho to mokSa kI adhikArI nahIM ho sakatI, parantu aisA bhI nahIM dekhA jaataa| kucha striyA~ paraloka sudhArane ke liye prayatnazIla bhI dekhI jAtI haiN| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki paraloka hitArtha pravRtti karane vAlI strI bhI yadi apUrvakaraNa Adi se rahita ho, to mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| kintu zAstra meM strI bhAva ke sAtha apUrvakaraNa kA bhI koI virodha nahIM dikhalAyA gayA hai| isake viparIta zAstra meM strI meM bhI apUrvakaraNa kA sadbhAva pratipAdita hai / punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki apUrvakaraNa se yukta hokara bhI yadi koI strI navama guNasthAna ko prApta karane meM ayogya ho to vaha mukti kI adhikArI nahIM ho sktii| kintu Agama meM strI meM 1

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120 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna navama guNasthAna kA bhI sadbhAva pratipAdita hai| punaH yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki navama guNasthAna ko prApta karane meM samartha hone para bhI, yadi strI meM labdhi prApta karane kI yogyatA nahIM hai to vaha kaivalya Adi ko prApta nahIM kara pAtI hai| isake pratyuttara meM kahA gayA hai ki vartamAna meM bhI striyoM meM AmarSa labdhi arthAt zarIra ke maloM kA auSadhi rUpa meM parivartita ho jAnA Adi labdhi spaSTa rUpa se dekhI jAtI hai| ata: vaha labdhi se rahita bhI nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strI labdhi yogya hone para bhI kalyANa-bhAjana na ho to vaha mokSa ko prApta nahIM kara skegii| isake pratyuttara meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki striyA~ kalyANa-bhAjana hotI haiM, kyoMki ve to tIrthaGkaroM ko janma detI haiN| ata: strI uttama dharma arthAt mokSa kI adhikArI ho sakatI hai| haribhadra ne isake atirikta siddhoM ke pandraha bhedoM kI carcA karate hue siddhaprAbhRta kA bhI eka sandarbha prastuta kiyA hai| siddhaprAbhRta meM kahA gayA hai ki sabase kama strI-tIrthaGkara ( tIrthaGkarI ) siddha hote haiN| unakI apekSA strI tIrthaGkara ke tIrtha meM nau tIrthaGkara siddha asaMkhyAtagaNA adhika hote haiN| unakI apekSA svItIrthakara ke tIrtha meM nau tIrthaGkarI siddha ( strI zarIra se siddha ) asaMkhyAtaguNA adhika hote haiN| siddhaprAmRta ( siddhapAhaDa ) eka paryApta prAcIna grantha hai, jisameM siddhoM ke vibhinna anuyogadvAroM kI carcA huI hai| jJAtavya hai ki haribhadra ke samakAlIna siddhasenagaNi ne apane tattvArthabhASya kI vRtti meM siddhaprAmRta kA eka sandarbha diyA hai| yaha grantha anumAnataH nandIsUtra ke pazcAt lagabhaga sAtavIM zatI meM nirmita huA hogaa| isa prakAra yApanIya paramparA meM hI sarvaprathama strImukti kA tArkika samarthana karane kA prayAsa huA hai| yaha hama pUrva meM hI kaha cuke haiM ki zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne strImukti ke samarthana meM jo tarka diye haiM ve mukhyata: yApanIyoM kA hI anusaraNa haiN| lalitavistarA meM apanI ora se eka bhI nayA tarka nahIM diyA gayA hai, mAtra yApanIyatantra ke kathana kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki zvetAmbaroM ko strImukti niSedhaka paramparA kA jJAna yApanIyoM ke mAdhyama se hI huA kyoki kundakunda kI strImukti niSedhaka paramparA sudUra dakSiNa meM hI prasthApita huI thii| ata: usakA uttara bhI dakSiNa meM apane paira jamA rahI yApanIya paramparA ko hI denA pdd'aa| yApanIya AcArya zAkaTAyana ne to strInirvANaprakaraNa nAmaka svatantra grantha kI hI racanA kI hai| vaha apane grantha ke prArambha meM hI kahate haiM ki bhakti aura mukti ke pradAtA nirmala arhata ke dharma ko praNAma karake maiM saMkSepa meM strI-nirvANa aura kevalImukti ko khuuNgaa|" isI grantha meM zAkaTAyana kahate haiM ki ratnatraya kI

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna sampadA se yukta hone ke kAraNa puruSa ke samAna hI strI kA bhI nirvANa sambhava hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strItva, ratnatraya kI upalabdhi meM vaise hI bAdhaka hai, jaise devatva Adi to yaha tumhArA apanA kathana ho sakatA hai| Agama meM aura anya granthoM meM isakA koI pramANa nahIM hai| eka sAdhvI jina vacanoM ko samajhatI hai, una para zraddhA rakhatI hai aura unakA nirdoSa rUpa se pAlana karatI hai| isaliye ratnatraya kI sAdhanA kA strItva se koI bhI virodha nahIM hai| yaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ratnatraya kI sAdhanA strItva ke liye azakya hai aura jo adRSTa hai usake sAtha asaMgati batAne kA koI artha nahIM hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki strI meM sAtaveM naraka meM jAne kI yogyatA kA abhAva hai, isaliye vaha nirvANa-prApti ke yogya nahIM hai| kintu aisA avinAbhAva yA vyakti sambandha dvArA siddha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki jo sAtaveM naraka meM nahIM jA sakatA vaha nirvANa ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa| carama zarIrI jIva tadbhava meM bhI sAtaveM naraka meM nahIM jA sakate, kintu tadbhava mokSa jAte haiN| puna: aisA koI niyama nahIM hai ki jo jitanA nimna gati meM jA sakatA hai, utanA hI ucca gati meM jA sakatA hai| kucha prANI aise haiM jo nimna gati meM bahuta nimna sthiti taka nahIM jAte, kintu ve sabhI ucca gati meM bhI samAna rUpa se jAte haiM, jaise sammUchima jIva prathama naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, parisarpa Adi dvitIya naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, pakSI tRtIya naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, catuSpada caturtha naraka se Age nahIM jA sakate, sarpa paMcama naraka se Age nahIM jA skte| isa prakAra nimna gati meM jAne se ina sabameM bhinnatA hai, kintu uccagati meM ye sabhI sahasrAra svarga taka binA kisI bhedabhAva ke jA sakate haiN| isaliye yaha kahanA ki jo jitanI nimna gati taka jAne meM sakSama hotA hai, vaha utanI hI ucca gati taka jAne meM sakSama hotA hai, tarkasaMgata nahIM hai| adhogati meM jAne kI ayogyatA se ucca gati meM jAne kI ayogyatA siddha nahIM hotii| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vAda Adi kI labdhi se rahita, dRSTivAda ke adhyayana se vaMcita, jinakalpa ko dhAraNa karane meM asamartha aura mana:paryaya jJAna ko prApta na kara pAne ke kAraNa strI kI mukti nahIM ho sakatI, to phira yaha mAnanA hogA ki jisa prakAra Agama meM jambUsvAmI ke pazcAt ina jina bAtoM ke viccheda kA ullekha kiyA hai, usI prakAra strI ke liye mokSa ke viccheda kA bhI ullekha honA cAhiye thaa| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki svI dIkSA kI adhikArI na hone ke kAraNa mokSa kI adhikAriNI nahIM hai, to phira AgamoM meM dIkSA ke ayogya vyaktiyoM kI sUcI meM jisa prakAra zizu ko dUdha pilAne vAlI strI tathA garbhiNI strI Adi kA ullekha

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna kiyA gayA, usI prakAra sAmAnya strI kA bhI ullekha kiyA jAnA cAhiye thaa| punaH yadi yaha kahA jAya ki vastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa strI mokSa prApti kI adhikArI nahIM hai athavA dUsare zabdoM meM vastrarUpI parigraha hI usakI mukti meM bAdhaka hai to phira pratilekhana kA grahaNa Adi bhI mukti meM bAdhaka kyoM nahIM hoMge ? yadi pratilekhana kA grahaNa usakA saMyama upakaraNa hone ke kAraNa parigraha ke antargata nahIM mAnA jAtA hai to strI ke liye vastra bhI jinopadiSTa saMyamopakaraNa hai, ataH use parigraha kaise mAnA jA sakatA hai ? 122 yadyapi vastra parigraha hai, phira bhI bhagavAn ne sAdhviyoM ke liye saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM usako grahaNa karane kI anumati dI hai, kyoMki vastra ke abhAva meM unake liye sampUrNa cAritra kA hI niSedha ho jAyegA, jabaki vastra dhAraNa karane meM alpa doSa hote hue bhI saMyama pAlana hetu usakI anumati dI gaI hai| jo saMyama ke pAlana meM upakArI hotA hai, vaha dharmopakaraNa yA saMyamopakaraNa kahA jAtA hai, parigraha nahIM / ataH nirgranthI kA vastra saMyamopakaraNa hai, parigraha nahIM / AgamoM meM sAdhvI ke liye nirgranthI zabda kA prayoga sarvatra huA hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAya ki vastra grahaNa parigraha hI hai to phira Agama meM usake liye isa zabda kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhiye thA kyoki nirgrantha kA artha hai, parigraha se rahita / yadi saMyamopakaraNa parigraha ho to phira koI muni bhI nirgrantha nahIM kahA jA sktaa| yadi eka vyakti vastra aura AbhUSaNoM se susajjita bhI hai kintu usake mana meM unake prati koI mamatva nahIM ho to vaha aparigrahI kahA jaayegaa| isake viparIta eka vyakti jo nagna rahatA hai kintu usameM mamatva aura mUrcchA kA bhAva hai to vaha acela hokara bhI parigrahI hI kahA jaayegaa| sAdhvI isaliye vastra dhAraNa nahIM karatI hai ki usameM vastra ke prati koI mamatva hai apitu vaha vastra ko jinAjJA mAnakara hI dhAraNa karatI hai| punaH vastra usake liye usI prakAra parigraha nahIM hai, jisa prakAra yadi kisI dhyAnastha nagnamuni ke zarIra para upasarga ke nimitta se DAlA gayA vastra usa muni ke liye parigraha nahIM hotaa| isake viparIta eka nagna vyakti bhI yadi apane zarIra ke prati mamatva bhAva rakhatA hai to vaha parigrahI hI kahA jAyegA aura aisA vyakti nagna hokara bhI mokSa prApti ke ayogya hI hotA hai| jabaki vaha vyakti jisameM mamatva bhAva kA pUrNata: abhAva hai, zarIra dhAraNa karate hue bhI aparigrahI hI kahA jAyagA / ataH jinAjJA ke kAraNa saMyamopakaraNa ke rUpa meM vastra dhAraNa karate hue bhI niyamavAna strI aparigrahI hI hai aura mokSa kI adhikArI bhI / jisa prakAra jantuoM se vyApta isa loka meM muni ke dvArA dravya hiMsA hotI rahane para bhI kaSAya ke abhAva meM vaha ahiMsaka hI mAnA jAtA hai, usI prakAra

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savasvamukti kA prazna 123 vastra ke sadbhAva meM bhI nirmamatva ke kAraNa sAdhvI aparigrahI mAnI jAtI hai| yaha jJAtavya hai ki yadi hama hiMsA aura ahiMsA kI vyAkhyA bAhya ghaTanAoM arthAt dravya - hiMsA ( jIvaghAta ) ke AdhAra para na karake vyakti ke manobhAvoM arthAt kaSAyoM kI upasthiti ke AdhAra para karate haiM, to phira parigraha ke liye bhI yahI kasauTI mAnanI hogii| yadi hiMsA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hone para bhI kaSAya evaM pramAda kA abhAva hone se muni ahiMsaka hI rahatA hai, to phira vastra ke hote hue bhI mUrcchA ke abhAva meM sAdhvI aparigrahI kyoM nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai| strI kA cAritra kstra ke binA nahIM hotA aisA arhat ne kahA hai / to phira sthavirakalpI Adi ke samAna usakI mukti kyoM nahIM hogI ? jJAtavya hai ki sthavirakalpI muni bhI jinAjJA ke anurUpa vastra - pAtra Adi grahaNa karate haiM / punaH arza, bhagandara Adi rogoM meM jinakalpI acela muni ko bhI vastra grahaNa karanA hotA hai ataH unakI bhI mukti sambhava nahIM hogI / punaH acelakatva utsarga mArga hai, yaha bAta jaba taka siddha nahIM hogI taba taka sacela mArga ko apavAda mArga nahIM mAnA jaayegaa| utsarga bhI apavAda sApekSa hai| apavAda ke abhAva meM utsarga, utsarga nahIM raha jaataa| yadi acelatA utsarga mArga hai to sacelatA bhI apavAda mArga hai, donoM hI mArga haiM amArga koI bhI nahIM / ataH donoM se hI mukti mAnanA hogaa| punaH jisa taraha AgamoM meM ATha varSa ke bAlaka Adi kI dIkSA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai, usI prakAra AgamoM meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti tIsa varSa kI Ayu ko pAra kara cukA ho aura jisakI dIkSA ko unnIsa varSa vyatIta ho gaye hoM, vahI jinakalpa kI dIkSA kA adhikArI hai| yadi mukti ke liye jinakalpa arthAt nagnatA Avazyaka hotI, to yaha bhI kahA jAnA cAhie thA ki tIsa varSa se kama umra kA vyakti mukti ke ayogya hai| kintu sabhI paramparAe~ eka mata se yaha mAnatI hI haiM ki mukti ke liye tIsa varSa kI Ayu honA Avazyaka nahIM hai| sAmAnya rUpa se isakA artha huA ki jinakalpa arthAt nagnatA ke binA bhI mukti sambhava hai, ataH strImukti sambhava hai| AgamoM meM saMvara aura nirjarA ke hetu rUpa bahuta prakAra kI tapa vidhiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| jisa prakAra yoga aura cikitsA kI aneka vidhiyA~ hotI haiM aura vyakti kI apanI prakRti ke anusAra unameM se koI eka hI vidhi upakArI siddha hotI hai, sabake liye eka hI vidhi upakArI siddha nahIM hotI; usI prakAra AcAra meM bhI koI jinakalpa sAdhanA ke yogya hotA hai to koI sthavirakalpa kI sAdhanA ke / isaliye vastra kA tyAga hone se strI ke liye mokSa kA abhAva nahIM

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124 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna hai kyoMki mokSa ke liye to ratnatraya ke atirikta anya koI bhI bAta Avazyaka nahIM hai| punaH strI kI nagnadIkSA kA niSedha kara dene kA artha bhI usakI mukti kI yogyatA kA niSedha nahIM hai kyoMki jinazAsana kI prabhAvanA ke liye una vyaktiyoM kI pravrajyA kA niSedha bhI kiyA jAtA hai jo ratnatraya ke pAlana meM sakSama hote haiN| tAtparya yaha hai ki kisI ke acela dIkSA ke niSedha se usakI mukti kA niSedha siddha nahIM hotA hai| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki striyA~ isaliye siddha nahIM ho sakatI haiM kyoMki ve muniyoM ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM hotI, jaisA ki Agama meM kahA gayA hai ki sau varSa kI dIkSitA sAdhvI bhI eka dina ke nava dIkSita muni ko vandana kre| isake pratyuttara meM zAkaTAyana kahate haiM ki muni ke dvArA vandanIya na hone se unheM mokSa ke ayogya mAnoge to phira yaha bhI mAnanA par3egA ki arhat ( tIrthaGkara ) ke dvArA vandanIya hone se koI bhI vyakti mokSa kA adhikArI nahIM hogA kyoki arhat to kisI ko bhI vandana nahIM karatA hai| isI prakAra sthavirakalpI muni, jinakalpI muni ke dvArA vandanIya nahIM haiM, ata: yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki sthavirakalpI muni bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM haiN| isI prakAra jina, gaNadhara ko vandana nahIM karate haiM, ataH gaNadhara bhI mokSa ke adhikArI nahIM hai| yaha laukika vyavahAra mukti kA kAraNa nahIM hai| mukti kA kAraNa to vrata-pAlana hai aura vrata-pAlana meM strI-puruSa samAna hI mAne gae haiN| sabhI sAMsArika viSayoM meM to striyA~ puruSoM se nimna hI mAnI jAtI haiN| ataH mokSa ke sambandha meM bhI unheM nimna hI kyoM nahIM mAnA jAnA cAhie ? tIrthaGkara pada bhI to kevala puruSa ko hI prApta hotA hai isaliye puruSa hI mukti kA adhikArI hai| isake pratyuttara meM yApanIyoM kA tarka yaha hai ki tIrthaGkara to kevala kSatriya hote haiM, brAhmaNa, zUdra, vaizya to tIrthaGkara nahIM hote, to phira kyA yaha mAnA jAya ki brAhmaNa, zUdra, vaizya mukti ke adhikArI nahIM hote ? puna: siddha na to strI hai, na puruss| ata: siddha kA liMga se koI sambandha hI nahIM hai| ____yadi yaha tarka diyA jAya ki striyA~ kapaTavRtti vAlI yA mAyAvI hotI haiM to isakA pratyuttara yaha hai ki vyavahAra meM to puruSa bhI mAyAvI dekhe jAte haiN| puna: yadi yaha kahA jAya ki puruSa ke samAna striyoM kA koI bhI siddha kSetra ullikhita nahIM hai to yaha bAta aneka puruSoM ke sambandha meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai| sabhI puruSoM ke siddha kSetra to prasiddha nahIM haiN|

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 125 yadi yaha tarka prastuta kiyA jAya ki striyoM meM puruSArtha kI kamI hotI hai isaliye ve mukti kI adhikArI nahIM haiM, kintu hama dekhate haiM ki AgamoM meM brAhmI, sundarI, rAjImati, candanA Adi aneka striyoM ke ullekha haiM jo puruSArtha aura sAdhanA meM puruSoM se kama nahIM thiiN| ata: yaha tarka bhI yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| puna: eka tarka yaha bhI diyA jA sakatA hai ki jo vyakti bahuta pApI aura mithyAdRSTikoNa se yukta hotA hai vahI strI ke rUpa meM janma letA hai| samyagdRSTi prANI strI ke rUpa meM janma hI nahIM letaa| tAtparya yaha hai ki strI-zarIra kA grahaNa pApa ke pariNAmasvarUpa hotA hai isaliye strI-zarIra mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| sAtha hI digambara paramparA yaha bhI mAnatI hai ki eka samyagdRSTi vyakti strI, pazustrI, prathama naraka ke bAda ke naraka, bhUta-pizAca Adi aura devI ke rUpa meM janma nahIM letaa| pApI AtmA hI ina zarIroM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| ata: strI-zarIra mukti ke yogya nahIM hai| isa sambandha meM yAphnIyoM kA kathana hai ki digambara paramparA kI yaha mAnyatA pramANarahita hai| dUsare jaba samyagdarzana kA udaya hotA hai, taba sabhI karma mAtra eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama kI sthiti ke raha jAte haiM, 69 koTAkoTi sAgaropama sthiti ke karma to mithyAdRSTi vyakti bhI samApta kara sakatA hai| ata: samyagdarzana kA udaya hone para striyA~ avaziSTa mAtra eka koTAkoTi sAgaropama ke karmoM ko kyoM kSaya nahIM kara sakatI ? phira bhI strI meM karma kSaya karane kI zakti kA abhAva mAnanA yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| puna: AgamoM meM strImukti ke ullekha bhI haiN| mathurAgama meM kahA gayA hai ki eka samaya meM adhikatama 108 puruSa, 20 striyA~ aura 10 napuMsaka siddha ho sakate haiN|21 jJAtavya hai ki yaha ullekha uttarAdhyayanasUtra kA hai, jisakI mAthurIvAcanA yApanIyoM ko bhI mAnya thii| isake atirikta Agama meM strI ke 14 guNasthAna kahe gaye haiN| sambhavata: zAkaTAyana kA yaha nirdeza SaTapaNDAgama ke prasaMga meM hai| jJAtavya hai ki SaTkhaNDAgama digambaroM ko bhI mAnya hai| isa vacana ke prati digambara paramparA kA yaha kahanA hai ki yahA~ strI se tAtparya bhAva-strI (strIvedI jIva ) arthAt usa puruSa se hai jisakA svabhAva straiNa ho| isa sambandha meM zAkaTAyana kA pratyuttara yaha hai ki kisI zabda kA dUsarA gauNa artha hote hue bhI, jaba taka usa sandarbha meM usakA prathama mukhya artha upayukta ho taba taka dUsarA gauNa artha nahIM liyA jA sktaa| pratyeka zabda kA apanA eka nizcita rUr3ha artha hotA hai aura binA paryApta kAraNa ke usa nizcita rUr3ha artha kA tyAga nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| puna: jaba taka vyutpattilabhya artha yA rUr3ha artha grAhya hai, taba taka dUsarA artha lene kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| strI zabda strIzarIradhArI arthAt stana, garbhAzaya

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126 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna Adi se yukta prANI ke liye hI prayukta hotA hai| yahA~ ( SaTakhaNDAgama ke prastuta prasaMga meM ) strI zabda kA anya koI artha usI prakAra nirarthaka hai jaise koI agniputra nAmaka vyakti kA artha agni se utpanna putra kre| puna: jaba AgamoM meM yaha kahA jAtA hai ki strI chaThe naraka se Age nahIM jAtI, vahA~ Apa strI zabda ko usake mukhya artha meM leM aura Age jaba Agama meM yaha kahA jAye ki strI meM caudaha guNasthAna hote haiM to vahA~ strI zabda ko usake gauNa artha arthAt bhAva-strI ke rUpa meM leM, yaha ucita nahIM hai| zAkaTAyana yahA~ spaSTa rUpa se vIrasena kI SaTkhaNDAgama ke satprarUpaNAkhaNDa ke 93ve sUtra kI vyAkhyA para kaTAkSa karate hue pratIta hote haiN| SaTkhaNDAgama meM satprarUpaNA kI gatimArgaNA meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki paryApta manuSyanI meM saMyatAsaMyata, saMyata Adi guNasthAna hote haiN| vIrasena ne yahA~ manuSyanI zabda kI bhAvastrI yA strIvedI puruSa aisI jo vyAkhyA kI hai, vaha zAkaTAyana ko svIkArya nahIM hai| zAkaTAyana kA spaSTa mata hai ki Agama ( SaTkhaNDAgama ) meM jo manuSyanI zabda prayukta huA hai vahA~ usakA mukhya artha 'strI' hI grAhya haiN| jJAtavya hai ki yahA~ manuSyanI kA artha strIvedI puruSa ( straiNa-puruSa ) isaliye bhI grAhya nahIM ho sakatA hai, kyoMki yaha carcA gatimArgaNA ke sandarbha meM hai, veda-mArgaNA ke sambandha meM nahIM hai| veda-mArgaNA kI carcA to Age kI hI gaI hai| ata: prastuta sandarbha meM 'manuSyanI' kA artha strIvedI manuSya/bhAvastrI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| puna: strIveda ( kAmavAsanA ) kI upasthiti meM to mukti sambhava hI nahIM hotI hai, veda to naveM guNasthAna meM hI samApta ho jAtA hai| kintu strIveda zarIra kI upasthiti meM sambhava hai, kyoMki zarIra to caudahaveM guNasthAna arthAt mukti ke lakSaNa taka rahatA hai| punaH puruSa zarIra meM strIveda arthAt puruSa dvArA bhoge jAne sambandhI kAmavAsanA athavA strI zarIra meM puruSaveda arthAt strI ko bhogane sambandhI kAmavAsanA kA udaya mAnanA bhI manovaijJAnika dRSTi se yuktisaMgata nahIM hai| yadi yaha mAnA jAyegA ki puruSa kI AMgika saMracanA meM strI rUpa se bhoge jAnA aura strI kI zArIrika racanA meM puruSa rUpa se strI ko bhoga karanA sambhava hotA hai to phira samaliMgI vivAha-vyavasthA ko bhI mAnanA hogaa| sAtha hI yadi puruSa meM strIveda kA udaya arthAt dUsare puruSa ke dvArA strI rUpa meM bhoge jAne sambandhI kAmavAsanA kA udaya sambhava mAneMge, to phira muniyoM kA paraspara sAtha meM rahanA bhI sambhava nahIM hogA, kyoMki kisI zramaNa meM kaba strIveda kA udaya ho jAya, yaha kahanA kaThina hogA aura strIvedI zramaNa ke sAtha puruSavedI zramaNa kA rahanA zramaNAcAra niyamoM ke viruddha hogaa| kisI bhI vyakti meM bhinna-liMgI kAmavAsanA kA udaya mAnanA sambhava

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 127 / / nahIM hai| vyavahAra meM bAhya zarIra racanA ke AdhAra para hI nirNaya liye jAte haiN| samalaiMgika kAmapravRtti yA pazu-manuSya kAma-pravRtti vastutaH aprAkRtika maithuna yA vikRta kAmavAsanA ke rUpa haiN| zarIra-racanA se bhinna veda ( kAmavAsanA ) kA udaya nahIM hai| ata: manuSyanI zabda kA artha stana, yoni Adi se yukta manuSyanI ( mAnava svI ) hI hai, na ki strI sambandhI kAmavAsanA se yukta puruss| punaH isa kathana kA koI pramANa bhI nahIM hai ki puruSa zarIra-racanA se straiNa kAmavAsanA kA udaya hotA hai| aisI sthiti meM yaha bhI mAnanA hogA ki strI-zarIra meM bhI puruSa sambandhI kAmavAsanA arthAt strI ko bhogane kI icchA utpanna hotI hogii| jJAtavya hai ki jaina paramparA meM veda aura liMga alaga-alaga zabda rahe haiN| liMga kA tAtparya zArIrika saMracanA athavA bAhya cihnoM se hotA hai jabaki veda kA tAtparya kAmavAsanA sambandhI manobhAvoM se hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA jaisI zarIra-racanA hotI hai, tadpa hI veda arthAt kAmavAsanA kA udaya hotA hai| yadi kisI vyakti meM apanI zarIra-racanA se bhinna prakAra kI kAmavAsanA pAI jAtI hai to yaha mAnanA hogA ki usa vyakti meM puruSa aura strI arthAt donoM prakAra kI kAmavAsanA hai| parantu Agama kI dRSTi se aisA vyakti napuMsakaliMgI kahA gayA hai| jaina-paramparA meM napuMsaka zabda kA tAtparya puruSatva se hIna arthAt strI kA bhoga karane meM asamartha vyakti, aisA nahIM hai| jaina paramparA ke anusAra napuMsaka vaha hai, jisameM ubhayaliMga kI kAmavAsanAe~ upasthita hoN| pana: zAkaTAyana kA yaha bhI kahanA hai ki yadi kisI puruSa kA kAma-vyavahAra dUsarI strI ke sAtha puruSavat ho to yaha usakI apanI vikRta kAmavAsanA kA hI rUpa hai| kabhI-kabhI to manuSya pazuoM se bhI apanI kAmavAsanA kI pUrti karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| kyA aisI sthiti meM hama yaha mAneMge ki usameM pazu sambandhI kAmavAsanA hai? vastutaH yaha usakI apanI kAmavAsanA kA hI eka vikRta rUpa hai| puna: yadi yaha kahA jAya ki Agama meM vigata veda (bhavoM) kI apekSA se strI meM caudaha guNasthAna mAne gae haiM to phira to vigata bhava kI apekSA se deva meM bhI caudaha guNasthAna sambhava hoMge, kintu Agama meM unameM to caudaha guNasthAna nahIM kahe gae haiN| vastuta: Agama meM jo manuSyanI meM caudaha guNasthAnoM kI sambhAvanA svIkAra kI gaI hai, vaha strI-veda ke AdhAra para nahIM, apitu strIliMga (strIrUpI zarIra-racanA) ke AdhAra para hI hai| Agama meM gatimArgaNA ke sandarbha meM manuSyanI meM paryApta guNasthAnoM kI carcA huI hai| ataH manuSyanI kA artha bhAvastrI arthAt straiNa-vAsanA se yukta puruSa karanA upayukta nahIM hai, kyoMki bhAva yA veda kI carcA to bhinna anuyogadvAroM meM kI gaI hai| ataH Agama ( SaTkhaNDAgama ) meM manuSyanI kA artha

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128 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna bhAvastrI na hokara dravyastrI hI hai aura yadi AgamAnusAra manuSyanI meM caudaha guNasthAna sambhava haiM to phira usakI mukti bhI sambhava hai| isa prakAra yApanIya paramparA Agamika AdhAroM para strImukti kI samarthaka rahI hai| anyatairthika aura gRhasthamukti kA prazna strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha do anya prazna bhI jur3e hue haiM, ve haiM anyatairthika kI mukti evaM savastramukti ( gRhasthamukti ) / yaha spaSTa hai ki uttarAdhyayana jaise prAcIna jaina AgamoM meM strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthikoM ( anya liMga ) aura gRhasthoM kI mukti ko bhI svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| unakI mAnyatA yaha thI ki vyakti cAhe kisI anya paramparA meM dIkSita huA ho yA gRhastha hI ho, yadi vaha samabhAva kI sAdhanA meM pUrNatA prApta kara letA hai, rAga-dveSa se Upara uThakara vItarAgadazA ko prApta ho jAtA hai, to vaha anya tairthika yA gRhastha ke veza meM bhI mukti ko prApta ho sakatA hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM zarIra kI apekSA se strI, puruSa evaM napusaMka kI tathA veza kI apekSA se svaliMga ( nirgrantha muniveza ), anya liMga ( tApasa Adi anyatairthika ke veza meM ) evaM gRhIliMga ( gRhasthaveza ) se mukti kI sambhAvanA ko svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM nami, bAhuka, asitadevala, nArAyaNa Adi RSiyoM ke dvArA anya paramparA ke AcAra evaM vezabhUSA kA anusaraNa karate hue bhI siddhi prApta karane kA spaSTa ullekha hai| RSibhASita meM aupaniSadika, bauddha evaM anya zramaNa-paramparA ke RSiyoM ko arhat RSi kahakara sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| 24 vastuta: mukti kA sambandha AtmA kI vizuddhi se hai| usakA bAhya deza yA strI-puruSa Adi ke zarIra se koI sambandha nahIM hai| zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra kahate haiM ki vyakti cAhe zvetAmbara ho, digambara ho, bauddha yA anya kisI dharmaparamparA kA ho, yadi vaha samabhAva se yukta hai to mukti avazya prApta kregaa|25 cU~ki yApanIya bhI Agamika paramparA ke anuyAyI the, ata: yApanIya zAkaTAyana ne isa sambandha meM Agama-pramANa kA ullekha kiyA hai| ve strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika kI mukti ke bhI samarthaka the| kintu jaba acelatA ko hI ekamAtra mokSa-mArga svIkAra karake mUcchadi bhAvaparigraha ke sAtha-sAtha vastra-pAtrAdi dravyaparigraha kA bhI pUrNa tyAga Avazyaka mAna liyA gayA to yaha svAbhAvika hI thA ki strImukti ke niSedha ke sAtha hI sAtha anyatairthika aura gRhasthoM kI mukti kA bhI niSedha kara diyA jaay| digambara paramparA meM cU~ki acelatA ko hI ekamAtra mokSamArga mAnA gayA thA, isaliye usane yaha mAnA ki anyatairthika yA gRhasthaveza meM koI bhI vyakti mukta nahIM ho sktaa| isake viparIta zvetAmbara aura yApanIya donoM hI spaSTa rUpa se yaha mAnate rahe ki yadi vyakti kI rAgAtmakatA yA mamatva vRtti

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 129 samApta ho gayI hai to bAhyarUpa se vaha cAhe gRhasthaveza dhAraNa kiye hue ho usakI mukti meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai| tattvArthabhASya meM tattvArthasUtra ke dasaveM adhyAya ke sAtaveM sUtra kA bhASya karate hue umAsvAti ne veza kI apekSA se dravya liMga ke tIna bheda kiye ----- (1) svaliMga, (2) gRhaliMga, (3) anyaliMga aura yaha batAyA ki ina tInoM liMgoM se mukti ho bhI sakatI hai aura nahIM bhI ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra umAsvAti anyatairthikoM evaM gRhasthoM kI mukti ko vikalpa se svIkAra karate haiM, kintu isI sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM pUjyapAda sarvArthasiddhi meM dravyaliMga kI dRSTi se nirgranthaliMga se hI siddhi mAnate haiN| yadyapi unhoMne yaha mAnA hai ki bhUtapUrva naya kI apekSA se sagranthaliMga se bhI siddhi hotI hai| kintu tattvArthasUtra ke prastuta sUtra (10/7) meM siddha jIvoM kA kSetra, kAla, gati, liMga, tIrtha Adi kI apekSA se jo vicAra kiyA gayA hai, vaha unake mukti prApta karane ke samaya kI sthiti ke sandarbha meM hai| ata: bhUtapUrva naya kA yahA~ koI prayojana hI nahIM hai| kyoMki yadi bhUtapUrva naya se kahanA hotA to usameM to sabhI liMga, sabhI veda, sabhI gati, sabhI kSetra Adi se mukti mAnI jA sakatI thii| bhUtapUrva naya kA kathana mAtra Agama aura apanI paramparA ke madhya saMgati biThAne hetu kiyA gayA hai| phira bhI isase yaha to phalita hotA hI hai ki pUjyapAda ke samaya meM digambara paramparA meM anyatairthika aura gRhastha mukti ke niSedha kI avadhAraNA spaSTa rUpa se A gayI thii| pUjyapAda kI sarvArthaTIkA se pahale hameM zvetAmbara evaM digambara paramparA ke kisI bhI grantha meM strI, anyatairthika evaM gRhastha kI mukti ke spaSTa niSedha sambandhI koI bhI ullekha nahIM mile haiN| zvetAmbara mAnya Agama sUtrakRtAMga aura uttarAdhyayana meM to spaSTa rUpa se ina tInoM kI mukti kA ullekha huA hai, yaha hama pUrva meM batA cuke haiN| kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ke samaya se hI jaina vidvAnoM meM yaha matabheda astitva meM hai| hamArI dRSTi meM kundakunda bhI pUjyapAda ke samakAlIna lagabhaga chaThI zatI ke hI haiN| ata: pUjyapAda ke sAtha-sAtha unhoMne bhI sUtraprAbhUta28 meM 'vastradhArI' kI mukti kA niSedha kiyA hai| ve kahate haiM ki - "yadi tIrthaGkara bhI vastradhArI ho to vaha bhI mukta nahIM ho sktaa|" isa niSedha meM strI, anyatairthika evaM gRhastha tInoM kI mukti kA hI niSedha ho jAtA hai, kyoMki ye tInoM hI vastradhArI haiN| isa prakAra digambara paramparA meM kundakunda evaM pUjyapAda ke kAla se strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika evaM gRhastha kI mukti kA bhI niSedha kara diyA gyaa| vastuta: koI bhI dharma-paramparA jaba sAmpradAyika saMkIrNatAoM meM simaTatI jAtI hai to usameM anya paramparAoM ke prati udAratA samApta hotI jAtI hai| anyatairthikoM evaM gRhasthoM kI mukti kA niSedha isI kA pariNAma thaa|

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130 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna paravartI zvetAmbara evaM digambara granthoM meM isa sambandha meM jo bhI carcA huI, vaha mukhya rUpa se strImukti ke prazna ko lekara hI huii| gRhastha evaM anyatairthika kI makti kA prazna vastuta: strI ke prazna se hI jur3A huA thaa| ataH paravartI sAhitya meM ina donoM ke sambandha meM pakSa va vipakSa meM kucha likhA gayA ho, aisA mujhe jJAta nahIM hai| tatvArthazlokavArtika 29 meM vidyAnanda ne ekamAtra tarka yaha diyA hai ki 'yadi sagrantha avasthA meM mukti hotI hai to phira parigraha-tyAga kI kyA AvazyakatA hai ?' jisa prakAra yApanIya AcArya 'zAkaTAyana' ne aura zvetAmbara AcArya haribhadra Adi ne strImukti ke samarthana meM vividha tarka diye usI prakAra ke tarka gRhastha yA anyatairthika kI mukti ke sambandha meM yApanIya evaM zvetAmbara AcAryoM ne nahIM diye haiN| sambhavata: isakA kAraNa yahI rahA ki jaba eka bAra sacela strI kI mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra kI jAtI hai to phira gRhastha aura anyatairthika kI mukti kI sambhAvanA svIkAra karane meM koI bAdhA nahIM rahatI, kyoMki gRhastha aura anyatairthika kI mukti kA prazna sIdhA strImukti kI samasyA ke sAtha jur3A huA thaa| ata: usa para svatantra rUpa se pakSa va vipakSa meM adhika carcA nahIM huI hai| jahA~ taka yApanIya paramparA kA prazna hai ve strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha gRhastha evaM anyatairthika kI mukti svIkAra karate the| yApanIya granthoM se isa tathya kI puSTi ho jAtI hai| AcArya hariSeNa ke 'bRhatkathAkoza" meM spaSTa rUpa se gRhastha mukti kA ullekha hai| isameM kahA gayA hai ki aNuvrata, guNavrata, zikSAvrata se anvita aura maunavrata se samanvita mumukSu siddhi ko prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra harivaMzapurANa (jinasena aura hariSeNa ) meM bhI anyatairthika kI mukti kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| usake bayAlIsaveM sarga meM nArada ko 'antyadeha' kahA gayA hai| puna: usake paiMsaThaveM sarga meM to spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahA gayA hai ki - "narazreSTha nArada ne pravajita hokara tapasyA ke bala se bhava-paramparA kA kSaya karake akSaya mokSa ko prApta kiyaa| isake viparIta digambara granthoM meM nArada ko narakagAmI kahA gayA hai| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki yApanIya paramparA, zvetAmbara paramparA kI hI taraha udAra thI aura strImukti ke sAtha-sAtha anyatairthika evaM gRhasthoM kI makti kI sambhAvanA ko bhI svIkAra karatI thii| sandarbha 1. itthIpurisasiddhA ya taheva ya napuMsagAH / saliMge ana liMge ya gihi liMge taheva ya / / -- uttarAdhyayana, saMpAdaka sAdhvI caMdanAjI, vIrAyatana prakAzana, _AgarA, 1972, 36/49.

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strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna 131 2. ( a ) jJAtAdharmakathA, aSTama adhyayana ke anta meM malli ke tIrthaGkara evaM mukta hone kA ullekha hai| (ba) antakRddazA varga ATha ke sabhI adhyayanoM ke anta meM strImukti ke ullekha haiN| 3. AvazyakacUrNi, bhAga 1, pR0 181 evaM bhAga 2, pR0 212. 4. suttapAhuDa, gAthA 23-26. 4. M.A. Dhaky "The Date of Kundakundacharya", Aspects of Jainology, Vol. III, Pt. D. D. Malvania Felicitation Volume III, P. V. Research Institute, 1991, p. 187. 6. tattvArthabhASya, 10/7. 7. sarvArthasiddhi, 10/9. 8. rAjavArtika, 10/9. 9. suttapAhuDa, gAthA 23. 10. vahI, gAthA 24. 11. vahI, gAthA 25-26. 87. Padmanabh S. Jaini, Gender and Salvation, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 1992, p. 4. 13. Navi sijjhai vatthadharo. jiNasAsaNe jaivi hoi titthayaro / __Naggo vimokkha maggo sesAummaggayA savve / / -- aSTaprAbhRta, suttapAhuDa, gAthA 23, prakAzaka paramazruta prabhAvaka maMDala, agAsa. 14. vahI, gAthA 25. 15. vahI, gAthA 26. 16. vahI, gAthA 24. 17. haribhadra, lalitavistarA, zrI RSabhadevajI kezarImalajItyabhidhAna zvetAmbara saMsthA, vi0 saM0 1990, pR0 57-59. 18. savvatthoA tithyayarisiddhA tithyayarititthe, NotitthayarasiddhA asaMkhejja guNa titthayarititthe, No titthayarisiddhA asaMkhejja gunnaao| - siddhaprAbhRta, uddhRta lalitavistarA, pR0 56. 19. atthititthakarasiddha titthakaratitthe, ne titthasiddhA titthakara titthe, titthasiddhA titthakaratitthe 'tittha siddhANo, titthakarIsiddhA titthakarI titthaNo

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132 strImukti, anyatairthikamukti evaM savastramukti kA prazna titthasiddhA titthakarI titthe titthasiddhA titthakarI titthe titthsiddhaao| tattvArthAdhigamasUtra - svopajJabhASyeNa zrI siddhasenagaNikRta TIkAyAM ca samalaMkRtam, dvitIyo vibhAga, 10/7, pR0 308. 20. praNipatya muktimukti pramadamalaM dharmamahato dizataH / vakSye strInirvANaM kevalibhukti ca saMkSepAt / / zAkaTAyana vyAkaraNa, 'strImuktiprakaraNa', zloka 1, bhAratIya jJAnapITha sampAdaka hIrAlAla jaina, e0 ena0 upAdhye, 1971, pR0 121. 21. dasaceva napuMsesu vIsaM itthiyAsu ya / purisesu ya aTThasayaM samaeNegeNa sijjhaI / / uttarAdhyayana 36/5 22. itthIpurisasiddhA ya taheva ya npuNsgaa| saliMge analiMge ya gihiliMge taheva ya / / uttarAdhyayana, 36/49. 23. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/3/4/1-1. 24. devanAradeNa arahatA isiNA buiyN| isibhAsiyAI, 1/1. sampAdaka mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura. 25. sayaMbaro vA AsaMbaro vA buddho vA taheva anno vA / samabhAvabhAvieppA lahaimokkhaM Na saMdeho / / sambodhasattarI, 2. 26. liMge punaranyo vikalpa ucyate -dravyaliMga bhAvaliMga aliNgmiti| pratyutpanna bhAvaprajJApanIya praaptsiddhyti| tattvArthabhASya, 10/7. 27. liMgena kena siddhi ? avedatvena tribhyo vA vedabhyaH siddhibhavito na dravyata: pulligenevI athavA nimrnthliNgen| sagraMthaliMgena vA siddhirbhUtapUrva nyaapekssyaa| pUjyapAda, sarvArthasiddhi, saMpAdaka phUlacandra siddhAntazAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, 1978, pR0 472. 28. sUtraprAbhRta, 23. 29. sAkSatrigraMthAliMgena pArampattitonyataH sAkSAtsagraMthaliMgena siddhau nimranthatA vRthaa| tattvArthazlokavArtika, 10/9. 30. bRhatkathAkoza, 57/562. 31. antyadehaH prakRtyaiva ni:kssaapoepysaukssitau| harivaMzapurANa, 42/22. 32. vahI, 65/24.