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________________ sthAnAMga sUtra kA pratipAdya zrI tilakadhara zAstrI tRtIya aMga-Agama 'sthAnAMga' sUtra meM eka se lekara daza saMkhyAoM meM agama, darzana, itihAsa, khagola Adi kI vividha jAnakAriyoM ko vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai| isase saMbaddha viSayavastu kA sugamatA se smaraNa ho sakatA haiN| pratipAdana meM nayadRSTi rahI hai| AcArya zrI AtmArAma jaina prakAzana samiti, ludhiyAnA se prakAzita sthAnAMgasUtra kI prastAvanA zrI tilakadhara jI zAstrI ne likho tho| usI kA aMza yahA~ para saMkalita kara prastuta kiyA gaya hai| -rAmpAdaka 'sthAnAMga' sUtra 11 aMgoM meM tIsarA aMga hai jise hama jaina saMskRti kA 'vizvakoSa' kaha sakate haiN| saMkhyA ke krama se tattvoM ke nAmoM kA saMkalana karane kI sundara zailI meM likhA gayA yaha eka adbhuta grantha hai jo saMbhavata: smaraNa-zakti kI vRddhi ke liye nirmita huA hogaa| sabase pahale 'sthAnAMga' nAma para hI vicAra karanA upayukta hogaa| ___ 'sthAnAMga' yaha zabda 'sthAna' aura 'aMga' ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai| sthAna zabda anekArthaka hai, parantu sUtrakAra ko isake do artha abhISTa pratIta hote haiN| 'dezI nAmamAlA' meM sthAna kA artha 'mAna' arthAt parimANa kiyA gayA hai| prastuta Agama meM tattvoM ke eka se lekara dasa taka ke parimANa arthAt saMkhyA kA ullekha hai, ata: ise 'sthAna' kahA gayA hai| 'sthAna' zabda kA artha 'upayukta' bhI hotA hai| prastuta Agama meM tattvoM kA eka, do Adi ke krama se upayukta cunAva kiyA gayA hai, ata: ise 'sthAna' kahA gayA hai| abhiprAya yaha hai ki yaha Agama aisA "sthAna' hai jisameM tattvoM kI saMkhyA kA upayukta nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| dUsarA zabda 'aMga' hai| vaidika sAhitya meM pramukha granthoM ko 'saMhitA' athavA 'veda' kahA gayA hai aura unake adhyayana ke liye sahAyaka vividha viSayoM ke zikSA, chanda, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa, nirukta aura kalpa Adi ke pratipAdaka gauNa granthoM ko aMga kahA gayA hai, parantu jaina sAhitya meM isa zabda kA prayoga pradhAna granthoM ke liye kiyA gayA hai| jaina saMskRti meM dvAdazAMgI ke liye jisa 'gaNipiTaka' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai usa gaNipiTaka kA pratyeka grantha eka aMga hai, isIliye jainAcAryoM ne zruta puruSa kI kalpanA karane hue 'gaNipiTaka' ko hI zrutapuruSa kahA hai aura pratyeka Agama ko usakA eka aMga mAnA hai| aMga samUha bhI 'aMga' kahalAtA hai, isIliye zarIra ko aMga kahA gayA hai 'aMga' zabda 'sthAna' ke sAtha milakara yaha dhvanita karatA hai ki yaha Agama eka aisA Agama hai jisameM pratyeka tatva kI saMkhyAkrama se sthApanA kI gaI hai| 'jJAna' AtmA kA aMga hai, yaha Agama eka aisA Agama hai jisameM
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________________ - - sthAnAMga sUtra kA pratipAdya 1431 AtmA kI aMgabhUta jJAnarAzi ko eka-do Adi ke krama se sthAna diyA gayA hai| isa artha kI bhI sUcanA de rahA hai 'sthAnAMga' yaha nAma / ___gaNipiTaka meM 'sthAnAMga sUtra' ko tIsarA sthAna diyA gayA hai jo isake mahattva kA pratipAdana kara rahA hai| vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki anya nau AgamoM ke nirmANa ke anantara smRti evaM dhAraNA kI dRSTi se athavA viSaya anveSaNa kI saralatA kI dRSTi se sthAnAMga sUtra aura samavAyAMga sUtra kA nirmANa kiyA gayA hogA aura inheM vizeSa pratiSThA dene ke liye aMgoM meM sthAna de diyA hogaa| parantu yaha tathya buddhi ko apIla nahIM karatA hai| bAta yaha hai ki yadi nau AgamoM ke nirmANa ke anantara sthAnAMga sUtra aura samavAyAMga sUtra kA nirmANa huA hotA to inako tIsarA, cauthA aMga na mAnakara dasavAM gyArahavAM aMga hI mAnA jA sakatA thA, inheM cauthA sthAna dene kI kyA AvazyakatA thI? dasavAM, gyAharavAM sthAna dene para inakI mahattA meM koI antara bhI nahIM A sakatA thA, kyA dasaveM praznavyAkaraNa sUtra aura gyArahaveM vipAka sUtra kI mahattA kama ho gaI hai? mAlUma hotA hai ki AcArAMga aura sUtrakRtAMga ko pahale isaliye rakhA gayA hai ki navadIkSita sAdhu AcAra meM paripakva ho jAe, vaha sAdhu-vRtti ke niyamoM se paricita ho jAe, heya--upAdeya ko jAna jaay| isa prakAra nirantara ATha varSa taka sAdhucaryA meM pariniSThita hokara vaha jJAtavya viSayoM kI nAmAvalI ko jAne, unake sAmAnya rUpa se paricita ho jAya aura phira vaha kramaza: pratyeka viSaya kI vyAkhyA anya AgamoM se prApta kare, isaliye sthAnAMga sUtra ko tIsarA sthAna diyA gayA hogaa| sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ko buddhigamya kara lene ke anantara eka prakAra se zruta sAdhaka samasta AgamoM kA vettA ho jAtA hai, isaliye AgamakAra use zrutasthavira kahate haiM aura vyavahAra sUtra ke dasaveM uddezaka ke pandahaveM sUtra meM zrutasthavira ko zreSTha batAte hue kahA gayA hai ki vandanA, chando'nuvRtti tathA pUjA satkAra se zruta-sthavira kA vizeSa sammAna karanA caahiye| vahA~ yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki jo 'sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kA adhyetA hai aura ATha varSa kI dIkSAvAlA hai vaha AcArya, upAdhyAya, gaNI, gaNAvacchedaka, pravartaka Adi padaviyoM ke yogya hotA hai| zAstrakAra kI yaha vyavasthA sthAnAMga sUtra kI mahattA aura usake tRtIya sthAnastha hone ke kAraNa kA nirdeza karatI hai| vyavahAra sUtra kA yaha kathana hai ki "aTThavAsapariyAgassa samaNassa NiggaMthassa kappar3a ThANasamavAe udisittae'- arthAt ATha varSa kA dIkSita sAdhu sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga ke adhyayana ke yogya hotA hai, usakA kAraNa bhI yahI batAyA gayA hai ki cAra varSa taka dIkSAparyAya kA AcAraniSTha hokara
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________________ 144 jinavANI-- jainAgama - sAhitya vizeSAGaka pAlana karane vAlA sthira buddhi ho jAtA hai, ataH vaha anya matAvalambiyoM se prabhAvita nahIM ho pAtA / pA~caveM varSa meM dasa kalpa vyavahAroM ko jAna kara vaha aura bhI dRr3ha AsthA vAlA ho jAtA hai, ataH isake anantara vaha sthAnAMga aura samavAyAMga kA bhalIbhA~ti adhyayana kara sakatA hai| yahA~ eka bAta avazya vicAraNIya hai ki kyA sthAnAMga sUtra kA adhyayana kevala ATha varSa kI dIkSA paryAyavAlA sAdhu hI kara sakatA hai? anya nahIM ? kintu AgamoM meM aneka zrAvakoM dvArA sUtroM ke adhyayana kA ullekha prApta hotA hai, ataH isakA yahI Azaya hai ki pUrNa AcAravAna banakara zraddhApUrvaka jJAna ke caudaha aticAroM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara zrAvakazrAvikA varga bhI isakA adhyayana kara sakatA hai| adhyayana saMkhyA sthAnAMga sUtra meM 10 adhyayana haiM aura 10 adhyayanoM kA eka hI zrutaskandha hai / dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha adhyayana ke cAra-cAra uddezaka hai, paMcama adhyayana ke tIna uddezaka haiM aura zeSa cha: adhyayanoM ke eka-eka uddezaka haiN| isa prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra 10 adhyayanoM aura 21 uddezakoM meM vibhakta hai| zrutaskandha sthAnAMga sUtra meM kevala eka zrutaskandha hai / aneka adhyayanoM ke samUha kandha kahA jAtA hai| skandha vRkSa ke usa bhAga ko arthAt tane ko kahate haiM jahA~ se aneka zAkhAe~ phUTatI haiN| jaba kisI zruta arthAt zAstra meM varNya viSaya evaM zailI Adi kI dRSTi se aneka vibhAga kiye jAte haiM, unheM zrutaskandha kahate haiN| jaise AcArAMga ko bAhya AcAra aura Antarika AcAra kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM bAMTa diyA gayA hai| sUtrakRtAMga ko padya aura gadya kI dRSTi se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| jJAtAdharma kathA ko ArAdhaka aura virAdhaka kI dRSTi se aura praznavyAkaraNa sUtra ko Asrava aura saMvara kI dRSTi se do-do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| isa prakAra ina zAstroM ke do-do zrutaskandha haiM, parantu prastuta sthAnAMga meM eka hI zrutaskandha haiM, kyoMki yahA~ Adi se lekara anta taka eka Adi saMkhyA ke krama se tattva nirUpaNa rUpa viSaya kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 1 adhyayana jainAgamoM kA viSaya-vibhAga kI dRSTi se jaba vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai taba bar3e prakaraNa ko adhyayana aura choTe prakaraNa ko uddezaka kahA jAtA hai| bar3e prakaraNa ke liye adhyayana zabda kA prayoga kevala jainAgamoM meM hI prayukta huA hai| kabhI-kabhI viSaya-sUcaka zabda ko isake sAtha saMyukta karake samagra adhyayana ke varNya viSaya kA nirdeza kara diyA jAtA hai| jaise
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________________ sthAnAMga sUtra kA pratipAdya ... . 1451 'akAmamaraNijjagajjhayaNaM' 'akAma grnniiymdhyynm'| isa adhyayana-nAma se hI pUre adhyayana ke varNya-viSaya kA bodha ho gayA hai| adhyayana zabda viSaya-grahaNa pUrvaka svAdhyAya kA nirdeza karanA hai, kyoMki adhi-apane Apa meM, ayn-gmn| zAstra kA isa prakAra se adhyayana jisase ki adhyetA varga-viSaya ke sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita karake AtmaniSTha ho jaay| nikSepa ke anusAra nAma-adhyayana, sthApanA-adhyayana, dravya-adhyayana aura bhAva-adhyayana ke rUpa meM cAra prakAra ke adhyayana batAe gae haiM, parantu zAstrakAroM ko cAroM meM se bhAva adhyayana hI vizeSa rUpa se iSTa hai| zAstrakAra use bhAva adhyayana kahate haiM jisake adhyayana se zubha karma meM pravRtti ho, Atma-tattva kA smaraNa ho aura uttarottara jJAna kI vRddhi ho| adhyayana ko 'akSINa' bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki svAdhyAya se jJAna kabhI kSINa nahIM hone paataa| adhyayana ko 'Aya' bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki isase jJAna, darzana aura cAritra kA lAbha hotA hai| adhyayana ko 'kSapaNA' bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki svAdhyAya se jJAnAvaraNIya Adi karmoM kA kSaya hotA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra ke svAdhyAya kI bhI yahI vizeSatA hai, ata: isakA adhyayanoM meM vibhAgIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| pada saMkhyA jainAgamoM meM pada saMkhyA kA nirNaya eka jaTila samasyA hai jaise ki samavAyAMga sUtra meM sthAnAMga kI pada saMkhyA 72 hajAra batAI gaI hai| nandIsUtra meM bhI 'bAvatari-paya-sahassA' kaha kara 72 hajAra pada saMkhyA kA hI nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| digambara sampradAya sthAnAMga ko pada saMkhyA 42000 batAtA hai, parantu vartamAna meM upalabdha kisI bhI prati meM yaha padasaMkhyA prApta nahIM hotii| pada kyA hai? vyAkaraNa zAstra meM vibhakti yukta sArthaka zabda ko evaM pratyayAnta dhAtu rUpa ko pada kahA gayA hai| isa dRSTi se 'rAma: vanaM gacchati'' isa vAkya meM tIna pada hai| 'yatrArthopalabdhistatpadam' kI ukti ke anusAra pUrNa artha ke paricAyaka vAkya ko bhI pada kahA jAtA hai| isa dRSTi se "rAma: vanaM gacchati' yaha eka vAkya hI pada hai| zrIharibhadra aura AcArya malayagiri ko paTa kI yahI paribhASA iSTa hai| chanda zAstra meM padya kI eka paMkti ko pada kahA jAtA hai| jaise ki "eso paMca NamokkAro' yaha anuSTupa chanda kA eka pada hai| digambara sampradAya artha-pada, pramANa-pada aura madhyamapaTa bhedoM ke rUpa meM tIna prakAra ke paTa mAnatA hai| Upara pradarzita prathama aura dvitIya pada artha pada hai aura chandra zAstrokta pada ko pramANa paTa kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki usameM
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________________ 146 akSaroM yA gAtrAoM kA eka nizcita pramANa hotA hai| 16 araba, 34 karor3a, 83 lAkha 7 hajAra 8 sau 88 akSaroM kA eka madhyama-paTa hotA hai| itane akSaroM se 510884621 anuSTup chanda banate haiN| madhyama pada kI gaNanA se yadi sthAnAMga kI pada saMkhyA 42000 mAna lI jAya to sambhavataH pUre jIvana meM koI munIzvara sthAnAMga kA bhI adhyayana na kara paaegaa| parantu zAstrakAroM ne likhA hai ki dhannA anagAra ne nau mAsa meM aura arjuna muni ne chaH mahIne meM 11 aMgoM kA adhyayana kara liyA thA / madhyama pada-parimANa mAna lene para yaha ullekha sarvathA asambhava sA lagatA hai, ataH subanta tiGanta ko pada mAnakara kI jAne vAlI gaNanA kucha buddhi gamya ho sakatI hai / isa dRSTi se sthAnAMga kI paTa saMkhyA 72000 svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| jinavANI- jainAgama sAhitya vizeSAGka] zrI abhayadeva sUri kRta vyAkhyA sahita Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita sthAnAMga sUtra meM jo saMkhyA dI gaI hai vaha sUtra saMkhyA 783 hI hai / battIsa akSaroM se nirdiSTa zloka parimANa ko prAcIna lipikAra 'granthAgra' kahA karate the aura ve isI granthAna parimANa se lekhana kA pArizramika liyA karate the / granthAna kI dRSTi se Agamodaya samiti dvArA prakAzita sthAnAMga kI zloka saMkhyA 3700 dI gaI hai (pRSTha 526) parantu bhaNDArakara orieNTala risarca iMsTITyUTa ke vaoNlyUma 17 ke 1-3 bhAgoM meM nirdiSTa sthAnAMga kI pratiyoM meM granthAgra saMkhyA 3770 tathA 3750 dI gaI hai| isa prakAra yahA~ zloka saMkhyA meM aikya pratIta nahIM hotA hai| zailI samavAyAMga ke samAna sthAnAMga sUtra kA gumphana saMgraha - pradhAna koSa zailI meM huA hai| kaNThastha karane kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se bahuta prAcIna kAla se bhAratIya sAhityakAra isa zailI kA prayoga karate Ae haiN| mahAbhArata meM vana parva adhyAya 134 meM tathA aMguttara nikAya Adi bauddha granthoM meM isI zailI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| prathama sthAna meM eka saMkhyaka vastuoM evaM kriyAoM Adi kA paricaya hone se use 'eka sthAna' yA prathama sthAna kahA gayA hai| dvitIya sthAna meM do saMkhyaka aura tRtIya sthAna meM tIna saMkhyaka / isI prakAra kramazaH bar3hate hue anta ke dasaveM sthAna meM dasa saMkhyaka tattvoM kA paricayAtmaka nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha sthAna ko viSaya-vibhAga kI dRSTi se 4-4 uddezakoM meM aura paMcama sthAna ko tIna uddezakoM meM vibhakta kara diyA gayA hai / jainAgamoM kI yaha eka apanI viziSTa zailI rahI hai ki yadi kisI eka zAstra meM kisI viSaya kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA jA cukA haiM taba
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________________ sthAmAga sUtra kA pratipAdya ..... ...... / usake anantara usI prakAra kA varNana anyatra Ane para jahA bhagavaIe', 'jahA jIvAbhigame' 'jahA pannavaNAe' likhakara pATha ko saMkSipta kara diyA jAtA hai, parantu sthAnAMga meM kevala nauveM sthAna meM- 'jahA samavAe' yaha eka hI sthAna para AyA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki sthAnAMga kA saMkalana aura samavAyAMga kA saMkalana sAtha-sAtha huA hogaa| alaga-alaga muni maNDaloM dvArA eka sAtha saMkalana kArya huA hogaa| nauveM sthAna taka lekhana kArya hone para pArasparika parAmarza cala par3A hogA, tabhI nauveM sthAna meM 'jahA samavAe' pATha diyA gayA hai| sthAnAMga kA gaNipiTaka meM tIsarA sthAna isakI prAthamikatA kA dyotaka hai aura sAtha hI isakI pUrNatA kA bhii| sthAnAMga sUtra meM sUtrakAra ne kahIM-kahIM apanI saMgraha-pradhAna koza zailI kA parityAga bhI kara diyA hai, jaise ki caturtha sthAna ke dvitIya uddezaka meM nandIzvara dvIpa kA varNana, bhagavAna vimalavAhana kA varNana, isI prakAra tRtIya sthAna ke dvitIya uddezaka ke anta meM (3/2/47) die gae praznottaroM meM cAritroM aura parvatoM Adi ke paricaya meM bhI saMgraha zailI ko chor3akara varNana zailI ko apanA liyA gayA hai| aisA kyoM haA? yaha nizcita to nahIM kahA jA sakatA, parantu yaha mAnA jA sakatA hai ki isa varNana paramparA meM kisI kI jijJAsA ke samAdhAna kA avasara Ane para use bhI tatkAlIna vAcanI meM ullikhita kara liyA gayA hogA, prazna utpanna huA hogA ki kyA anya kisI tIrthakara ke bhI nau gaNa hue haiM? sUtrakAra ne isakA samAdhAna kara diyA hai, ki bhaviSya meM tIrthaMkara zrI vimala vAhana jI ke bhI nau gaNa hoNge| saMkhyA dyotaka zailI jainAgamoM meM saMkhyAvAcaka zabdoM kI sthApanA apanI hI zailI meM kI gaI hai, jaise ki 'eka sau ke sthAna para 'dasadasAI (arthAt dasa guNA dasa saMkhyA) kahA jAtA hai| eka hajAra ke liye 'dasa sayAI arthAt (dasa sau) likhA jAtA hai| isI prakAra 'eka lAkha' ke liye 'dasa-saya-sahassAI pATha prApta hotA hai| isI prakAra tIna kI saMkhyA ke liye 'chacca addha (sthA. 6/19) kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| isa sUtra meM bharata aura airavata kSetroM meM bhUtakAlIna suSama-suSamA kAla meM manuSya zarIra kI U~cAI cha: hajAra dhanuSa batAI gaI hai, vahIM para unakI Ayu kA nirdeza krama prApta thA, parantu Ayu tIna palyopama kI hai, ata: sUtrakAra ne cha: kI saMkhyA kA krama banAe rakhane ke lie 'chaccaaddha' arthAt cha: kA AdhA tona- "tInapalyopama kI AyuvAle' kahA hai| yadi isa Ayu kA nirdeza tRtIya sthAna meM kiyA jAtA to isa prakaraNa ke sAtha usa prakaraNa kA koI saMbaMdha na raha jAtA, ata: 'chacca adakI zailI ko kliSTa kalpanA nahIM kahA jA sktaa|
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________________ 148 jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAGka eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana bhagavAna mahAvIra aura bhagavAna buddha samakAlIna mahApuruSa the aura donoM eka hI kSetra meM pracAra kara rahe the| yaha ThIka hai ki bhagavAna mahAvIra kA tyAga mArga bahuta kaThina thA, ata: bhagavAna mahAvIra ke mArga para calanA pratyeka vyakti ke liye zakya na thA, yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina saMskRti ko eka sImita kSetra meM hI rahanA par3a gayA ! jisa samaya bhagavAna mahAvIra apane pravacanoM dvArA 'tattvajJAna pradarzina kara rahe the, usI samaya bhagavAna buddha bhI tattvajJAna ke prakAzana meM lIna the, donoM mahApuruSa bahuta aMzoM meM samAna tattvajJAna kI bAta kaha rahe the aura zailI bho donoM ko kahIM-kahIM samAna hI ho gaI hai| sthAnAMga sUtra aura aMguttara-nikAya meM yaha sAmya spaSTa rUpa se dekhA jA sakatA hai jaisA ki nIce likhe uddharaNoM se spaSTa ho rahA haisthAnAMga sUtra (caturtha sthAna) aMguttara nikAya (caturtha nikAya) cattAri udakA paNNattA, taMjahara-- battAro ne bhivarakhave udakarahadAka tamouttANe NAmege uttApobhAso, battArA?-uttAno gambhIro bhAsA, uttANe NAmege gaMbhIro bhAsI, gambhIro uttAnobhAso gambhaure NAmege uttANo bhAsI, uttAno uttAno bhAso, gambhIre NAmege gambhIro bhaasii| gambhIro gambhIro bhAso. evameva cattAri purisa jAyA evameva kho bhikkhave banAro udaka rahayamA pugnlaa| ni. 4-104 cattAri mehA paNNattA, taMjahA cattAro meM....balAhakA, katame catvAro? gajjitA NAmamege No vAsittaH, garijattA no vAssittA, vAsittA NAmameme No gajjitaH, cAssittA no gajjitA, ege gajjittA pi, vAsitA ci, no gajjitA, no vAsittA, ege No gajjittA. No yaasittH| gajjitA ca vAssittA c| evameva cattAri purisjaayaa| evameva cattAro meM balAhakUpamA pugglaa| nipA. 4 -181 cattAri phalA paNNatA, taMjahA cattArimAni ambAni, katamAni canAri? Ame NAmege Ama mahure. Ana pakkaNNi , pakke NAmege Ama mahure, pakka AmaNi, Ame NAmege pakkamahure, Ama AmavaNi pakke NAmege pakka mahure, pakka pakkavapiNa evameva cattAriM purisajAyA paNNattA evameva cattAri meM anbUpA puglaa| ni4 -106 yaha pATha-sAmya aura viSaya-sAmya kA eka nidarzana mAtra upasthita kiyA hai| aMguttara nikAya ke anya anekoM pAThoM meM isI prakAra ke sAmya ko dekhA jA sakatA hai? yadyapi sthAnAMga sUtra meM puruSabheda aura aMguttara nikAya meM pudgala bheda pradarzita karatA jA rahA hai, parantu pudgala kA artha puruSa bhI hotA
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________________ | sthAnAMga 'sUtra kA pratipAdyaH ... hai jaisA ki bhagavatI sUtra zataka 20, uddezaka 2. sUtra 664 se jJAta hotA hai| sthAnAMga sUtra meM prakSipta aMza anya AgamoM ke samAna sthAnAMga sUtra ko dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki samyagdRSTi-sampanna gItArtha munIzvaroM ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya se prApta zrutadhArA meM yatra-tatra kucha hAni evaM vRddhi avazya kI hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM sthAnAMga sUtra ke nauveM sthAna meM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nau gaNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| jinake nAma hai- godAsagaNa, uttarabalissahagaNa, uddehagaNa, cAraNagaNa, UrdhvavAtikagaNa, vizvavAtigaNa, kAmaDDhitagaNa, mANavagaNa aura koddingnn| kalpasUtra meM kAmaDDhitagaNa kA koI ullekha prApta nahIM hotaa| yadi kalpasUtra varNita kAmahita kula se isakI utpatti mAna bhI lI jAya to bhI ina saba gaNoM kA nirmANa bhagavAna mahAvIra ke kAla se lagabhaga do sau varSa se lekara pA~ca sau varSa bAda taka mAnA jAtA hai, ataH sthAnAMga sUtra meM inakA ullekha gaNoM ke nirmANa ke bAda hI huA hogA aura ise kisI gItArtha muni kI saMyojanA hI kahA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra sthAnAMga meM sAta ninhavoM kA ullekha milatA hai jinake nAma haiM..... jamAli, tiSyagapta, ASADha, azvamitra, gaMga, rohagupta aura gosstthaamaahil| inameM se jamAli aura tiSyagupta to bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna the, parantu zeSa nihavoM kA kAla bhagavAna mahAvIra ke nirvANa varSa ke tIna sau sAla se lekara cha: sau sAla bAda taka kA mAnA jAtA hai| aisI dazA meM sthAnAMga ke bhItara inakA ullekha isameM honevAlI vRddhi kA pramANa hI upasthita karatA hai| ata: kSamAzramaNa devarddhigaNI taka anya zAstroM ke samAna sthAnAMga meM bhI hAni-vRddhi svIkAra kI jA sakatI hai| isake anantara zAstroM kA rUpa sthira ho gayA hogA,aisA pratIta hotA hai| pratipAdya viSaya kI vividhatA yaha kahanA atyukti na hogI ki sthAnAMga pratipAdya viSaya ke vaividhya kI dRSTi se vizvakoSa hai| jo isa mahAgrantha meM hai usakA vistAra anya sabhI AgamoM meM vidyamAna hai aura jo sabhI AgamoM meM hai vaha akele sthAnAMga meM hai| tIrthakara .. sthAnAMga meM bIsa tIrthakaroM ke nAma prApta hote haiM, jaise- zrI RSabhadeva, zrI saMbhavajI, zrI abhinandana jI, zrI padmaprabha jI, zrI candraprabha jI, zrI puSpadanta jI, zrI zItalanAtha jI, zrI vAsupUjya jI, zrI vimala jI, zrI anantaprabhu jI. zrI dharmanAtha jI, zrI zAntinAtha jI, zrI kuMthunAtha jI, zrI aranAtha jI, zrI mallinAtha jI, zrI munisuvrata jI, zrI naminAtha jI, zrI ariSTanemi jI, zrI pArzvanAtha jI, zrI mahAvIra svaamii| ina bIsa tIrthaMkaroM kA Ayu, dehamAna, antara Adi kI dRSTi se jisakA jisa sthAna meM varNana ho sakA hai vaha kiyA gayA hai| parantu vaNya viSaya ke rUpa meM zrI ajita nAtha jI,
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________________ F150 , jinavANI- jainAgama-sAhitya vizeSAka zrI sumatinAtha jI, zrI supArzvanAtha jo aura zrI zreyAMsa nAtha jI kA varNana nahIM ho skaa| cakravartI- isa sUtra meM bAraha cakravartiyoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha karate hue zAstrakAra ne unakA do rUpoM meM varNana kiyA hai| bharata, sagara, maghava, sanat kumAra, zAnti, kuMthu, ara, mahApadma, hariSeNa aura jy| ye dasa cakravartI aise haiM jinhoMne saMyama patha ko apanA kara parama pada prApta kiyaa| subhUma aura brahmadatta ye do aise cakravartI hue haiM jinhoMne sayama se vimukha hokara mahArambhI aura mahAparigrahI banakara viSaya sarovara meM kiloleM kI aura anta meM naraka nivAsa kara duHkha bhoga rahe haiN| karmoM kI dRSTi meM kisI kA pakSapAta nahIM hai, cAhe cakravartI ho aura cAhe sAdhAraNa jana, jo jaisA karatA hai vaisA bharatA hai, yaha aTala siddhAnta hai| jIva vijJAna- sthAnAMga satra ke dvitIya sthAna meM batAyA gayA hai ki dvIndriya se lekara caturindriya jIvoM taka ke zarIra meM haDDiyA~, mAMsa aura rakta nAmaka tIna padArtha hote haiN| paMcendriya jIvoM evaM sabhI tiryaca prANiyoM kA zarIra mAMsa. rakta, haDDiyoM, snAyuoM aura zirAoM se banA huA hotA hai| bhUgola- yaha ThIka hai ki prAcIna zAstroM meM varNita bhUgola Adhunika bhUgola se pUrNatayA mela nahIM khAtA, kyoMki samaya-sayama para bhUgolIya vAtAvaraNa, pRthvI kI sthiti aura usa sthiti ke badalane se nadiyoM Adi ke pravAha kI bhinnatA ho jAtI hai, phira bhI zAstrIya vArNana ke kucha bhAga bhUgola para prakAza DAlate hI haiM, jaise ki- sthAnAMga sUtra meM gaMgA aura sindhu kA mahAnadiyoM ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki ye nadiyA~ aneka nadiyoM ko sAtha meM lekara sAgara meM praviSTa hotI haiN| inake atirikta gaMgA, yamunA, sarayU. airAvatI aura mahI nAmaka vizAla nadiyoM kA bhI varNana yathAsthAna prApta hotA hai: varSadhara parvata jinheM sImA nirmANa karane vAle kahA gayA hai sambhavataH ve ho sakate haiM jinase mAnasUna havAe~ TakarA kara varSA karatI haiN| inake atirikta himAlaya se uttara kI ora bahane vAlI suvarNakUlA, raktA, raktavanI Adi nadiyA~ aba parivartita nAmoM ke sAtha haiM yA nahIM yaha bhUgola vettAoM ke liye anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| taptajalA, mattajalA, unmattajalA Adi nadiyA~ bhI khoja kA viSaya haiM, kyoMki himAlaya ke himAcchAdita pradezoM meM aba bhI aise tapta jala ke srota vidyamAna haiM jinakA jala taptajalA nadiyoM ke rUpa meM pravAhita hotA hai| gaMgotrI ke pAsa eka aisA srota hai jisameM DAle hue AlU evaM cAvala Adi ubala jAte haiN| Adhunika zeSadhArA jaisI caTTAnoM se TakarAkara uchalane vAle jala se pUrita nadiyoM meM se taba koI mattajalA aura unmattajalA bhI rahI hogii| kucha mahAhaToM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai, himAlaya kI himAcchAdita
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________________ | sthAnAMma sUtra kA pratipAdya evaM himAcchAdana se rahita jhIleM mahAhadoM ke rUpa meM pahacAnI jA sakatI haiN| kSIrodA (jisakA jala dUdha jaisA dikhAI de), zItasrotA aura antarvAhinI (barpha ke yA caTTAnoM ke nIce hI nIce bahane vAlI anekazaH nadiyA~), meru (saMbhavata: gaurIzaMkara parvata) ke Asa-pAsa dekhI jA sakatI hai| isI prakAra isa viSaya ke antargata bhUkampa ke kAraNoM Adi kI vivecanA evaM ghanavAta. ghanodadhi Adi para avalambita pRthvI kA varNana bhUgolIya anveSANoM kI mUlAbhitti prastuta karate haiN| khagolIya varNana- isa viSaya ke mUla tatvoM para bhI sthAnAMga sUtra ke dvArA thor3A bahuta prakAza avazya par3atA hai| jyotiSa zAstra meM aTThAIsa nakSatra batAe gae haiM, unake adhiSThAtA devoM ke nAmoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai| inake atirikta 88 grahoM kA ullekha bhI dvitIya sthAna ke tRtIya uddezaka meM prApta hotA hai| Adhunika khagolazAstriyoM ne nau grahoM ke atirikta kucha anya harSala Adi grahoM kA bhI patA lagAyA hai, ho sakatA hai ki ve sthAnAMga meM varNita 88 grahoM ke antargata hI hoM, parantu unake nAma sthAnAMga hI batAegA, cAhe nae nAma rakha liye jaaeN| sthAna-sthAna para nakSatra aura candra yoga para bhI prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAtha hI kisa-kisa pradhAna nakSatra ke sAtha kitane anya tAroM kA saMbaMdha hai isa viSaya kI bhI vivecanA kI gaI hai| khagola zAstra ke antargata sthAnAMga ke tIsare sthAna meM alpavRSTi aura ativRSTi ke bhI tIna-tIna kAraNa batAe gae haiN| unameM se jalIya pudgaloM (paramANuoM) ke abhAva yA adhikatA vAlA kAraNa to vijJAna sammata hI hai| deva, bhUta, nAga yakSa Adi kI samyak pUjA kA honA yA na honA rUpa jo kAraNa suvRSTi yA anAvRSTi ke liye pradarzita kiyA gayA hai, vaha tatkAlIna samAja kI deva-pUjA parAyaNatA para prakAza DAlatA hai aura ho sakatA hai usa para vaidika devavAda kA bhI prabhAva ho, kyoMki yajJoM dvArA saMtuSTa deva hI vahA~ suvRSTi ke kAraNa mAne gae haiN| vAyu dvArA jalIya pudgaloM ko anyatra khIMca le jAnA athavA khIMcakara usa sthAna para lAnA rUpa kAraNa alpavRSTi evaM suvRSTi ke liye ucita hI haiN| navama sthAna meM zukragraha kI haya-vIthI, gajavIthI, nAgavIthI, vRSabha vIthI, go-vIthI, uragavIthI, ajavIthI, mitravIthI aura vaizvAnara-vIthI ye nau vIthiyA~ batAI gaI haiN| ye nau vIthiyAM kyA haiM aura inakA kyA prabhAva hai yaha saba adhyayana kA viSaya hai| - dazama sthAna meM kahA gayA hai ki kRttikA aura anurAdhA ye do nakSatra candra ke sabhI bAhya maNDaloM meM se dasaveM maNDala meM paribhramaNa karate haiN| yaha candra se kRttikA evaM anurAdhA nakSatra kI mANDalika dUrI kA varNana jyotiSa
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________________ zAstriyoM ke anveSaNa kA viSaya hai| jyotiSa zAstra ke anusAra kRnikA aura anurAdhA eka dUsare ke sAmane rahanevAle nakSatra haiM, kyoMki maNDalAkRti meM 28 nakSatroM meM kRttikA ke sAmane 14veM nakSatra ke rUpa meM anurAdhA hI AtA hai| isI prakaraNa meM jJAnavRddhi karane vAle dasa nakSatra batAe gae haiMmRgazirA, ArdrA, puSya, tInoM pUrvA, mUla, AzleSA, hasta aura citraa| muhUrta cintAmaNi me bhI vidyArambha ke liye inhIM nakSatroM ko zreSTha mAnA gayA hai| Ayurveda- aSTama sthAna meM kumAra-bhRtya (bAla cikitsA) kAya-cikitsA (zArIrika zAstra) zAlAkya (A~kha, nAka, kAna, mastiSka aura gale kI vizeSa cikitsA, Aja bhI elopaithI meM ina aMgoM kA vizeSa adhyayana bhinna rUpa se karavAyA jAtA hai), zalya-cikitsA (oNprezana) jaMgolI (sAMpa, bicchU Adi ke viSa kI cikitsA evaM inake viSoM ke nAnAvidha prayoga). bhUta vidyA (bhUta preta Adi ke zamana kA shaastr| aba pazcima meM bhI isakA vikAsa 'parAvidyA' ke antargata ho rahA hai), kSAratantra (yavakSAra, caNakakSAra, Adi dvArA kI jAne vAlI cikitsA, Aja kI bAyokaimika praNAlI 12 kSAroM para hI nirbhara hai), rasAyana (dhAtuoM, ratnoM evaM pArada gandhaka Adi dravyoM dvArA taiyAra kI gaI auSadhiyoM dvArA cikitsA jise vizeSata: bala-vIrya kI vRddhi ke liye prayukta kiyA jAtA hai) ina ATha rUpoM meM usa samaya pracalita Ayurveda kI cikitsA-paddhatiyoM kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAtha hI navama sthAna meM rogotpatti ke nau kAraNa batAte hue likhA haiati AhAra, arucikara bhojana, atinidrA, ati jAgaraNa, malavega kA rokanA, mUtra vega kA rokanA, ati calanA, pratikUla AhAra aura kAmavega kA rokanA yA ati viSaya-sevana Adi rogotpatti ke kAraNa haiN| ye kAraNa lokaprasiddha evaM sarvamAnya haiN| isI prakAra nau prakAra kA Ayu-parimANa, dasa prakAra kA bala, dasa prakAra kI tRNavanaspatiyA~, tIna prakAra kI paricAraNA, tIna prakAra ke maithuna seviyoM ke bheda, mAtA se milane vAle tIna aMga, pitA se milane vAle tIna aMga, manuSya aura tiryacoM kI zukra aura zoNita se utpatti, tIna-tIna ke cAra samUhoM meM strIyoni ke bheda, binA puruSa saMsarga ke garbha dhAraNa ke pA~ca kAraNa, saMsarga hone para bhI garbhAdhAna na hone ke pA~ca kAraNa Adi viSaya Ayurveda se hI sambandhita haiN| manovijJAna- dasaveM sthAna meM varNita krodhotpatti ke dasa kAraNa, abhimAna hone ke dasa sthAna, dasa prakAra kI sukhAnubhUti, dasa prakAra ke saMkleza, du:khAnubhUti ke kAraNa Adi viSayoM kA vivecana manovijJAna kA hI viSaya hai| bhautika vijJAna- zabda bhI pudgalAtmaka hai arthAt zabda ke bhI paramANu hote haiM, Aja taka yaha siddhAnta zabda zAstriyoM ko svIkArya nahIM thA, parantu aba
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________________ rAtra kA tipAdya: bhautika vijJAna ne zabda paramANu kA honA siddha kara diyA hai| zabda kI paribhASA karate hue jaina siddhAnta dIpikA meM kahA gayA hai ki "saMhanyamAnAnAM bhidyamAnAnAM dhvanirUpaH pariNAmaH zabdaH " arthAt TUTate hue skandhoM kA dhvani rUpa pariNAma zabda hai| isake prAyogika aura vaisasika do bheda mAne gae haiN| prAyogika zabda, jisakA uccAraNa prayatnapUrvaka hotA hai, vaha bhASAtmaka (artha - pratipAdaka) aura abhASAtmaka (tata, vitata, dhana, suSira Adi nAnAvidha vAdyoM ke zabda) rUpoM meM do prakAra kA hotA hai| vainasika zabda meghAdi se utpanna svAbhAvika dhvani ko kahA jAtA hai| sthAnAMga meM dvitIya sthAna ke tRtIya uddezaka meM zabda ke bhASA (bhASAtmaka) no bhASA (abhASAtmaka) do bheda batAe gae haiN| punaH zabda ke do bheda batAe gae haiM--- akSara saMbaddha aura noakSara saMbaddha (dhvanyAtmaka) / no akSara saMbaddha ke hI yahA~ tata, vitata, ghana aura suSira Adi bheda kie gae haiN| zabdotpatti ke do kAraNa batAe gae haiM- pudgaloM ke paraspara milane se aura pudgaloM ke paraspara bheda se| pudgala-bheda zabda hI paramANu visphoTa kI ora saMketa kara rahA hai| paramANu vijJAna para jaina saMskRti ne jo kucha kahA hai vaha Adhunika bhautika vijJAna kI kasauTI para zata pratizata kharA utara rahA hai| kAvya nATya Adi sthAnAMga ke cauthe sthAna meM cAra prakAra ke vAdyoM tata (vINA Adi), vitata (Dhola, tabalA Adi), ghana (ghuMgharU, kAMsa tAla Adi), suSira (bAMsurI Adi) kA varNana hai| cAra prakAra ke nATya (nRtya) Thahara-Thahara kara nAcanA, saMgIta ke sAtha nAcanA, saMketoM dvArA bhAva prakaTa karate hue nAcanA aura jhuka kara yA leTakara nAcanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isI prakAra cAra prakAra ke gAyana batAe gae haiM- nRtya-gAyana, chanda- gAyana, avarohapUrvaka gAyana, Aroha pUrvaka gAyana / isI prakaraNa meM cAra prakAra kI puSpa racanA, cAra prakAra ke zArIrika alaMkAra, cAra prakAra ke abhinaya Adi kA varNana sthAnAMga kI viSaya vividhatA kA spaSTa pramANa hai| L gadya, padya, kathya (kathA-kahAnI) aura geya rUpa meM cAra prakAra ke kAvya bhedoM kA tathA dazama sthAna meM dasa prakAra ke zuddha vAkyoM ke prayoga Adi ke rUpa meM varNya viSaya ne kAvya jagata ko hI sparza kiyA hai, sthAnAMga yaha pramANita kara rahA hai| mAnavIya vRttiyoM kA adhyayana- sthAnAMga sUtra meM mAnavIya svabhAva kA paricaya dene vAle sUtra saba se adhika haiN| kahIM vRkSoM se, kahIM vastroM se, kahIM koramaMjarI se kahIM kUTAgAra - zAlA se, kahIM vRSabha se, kahIM hastI se, kahIM zaMkha, dhUma, agni zikhA, vanakhaNDa, senA, pakSI, yAna, yugma, sArathI, phala,
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________________ bAdala, kumbha Adi se samatA karate hue saikar3oM rUpoM meM mAnavIya vRttiyoM kA isa sUtra meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM.. vRkSa cAra prakAra ke hote haiM . patrayukta, puSpayukta, phalayukta, chaayaayukt| isI prakAra manuSya bhI cAra prakAra ke hote haiM-- patrayukta vRkSa ke samAna kevala chAyA meM Azraya dene vaale| guSpavAle vRkSa ke samAna(kevala sadvicAra dene vaale)| phalayukta vRkSa ke samAna(anna-vastrAdi dene vAle) aura chAyA yukta vRkSa ke samAna (zAnti surakSA aura sukha dene vAle)! eka anya udAharaNa meM kahAgayA hai- megha cAra prakAra ke hote haiM1. eka megha garjatA hai, barasatA nhiiN| 2. eka megha barasatA hai, garjatA nhiiN| 3. eka megha garjatA bhI hai aura barasatA bhI hai| 4. eka meghana garjatA hai, na barasatA hai| isI prakAra puruSa bhI cAra prakAra ke hAte haiM1. kucha vyakti bolate hai. para dete kucha nhiiN| 2. kucha vyakti bolate haiM aura dete bhI haiN| 3. kucha vyakti dete haiM, para bolate nhiiN| 4. kucha vyakti na bolate haiM aura na dete haiN| isa sUtra meM kevala megha, bijalI, garjana, varSaNa Adi se saMbaMdha jor3ate hue sAta rUpoM meM megha ke adhyayana ke mAdhyama se manuSya svabhAva kA vizleSaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra lagabhaga 100 upameya-upamAnoM ke rUpa meM upameyoM ke vizleSaNa ke sAtha-sAtha upamAnoM ke rUpa meM manuSya-svabhAva kA vizleSaNa karate hue sUtrakAra ne mAnavatA ko hara pahalU se pahacAnane kA prayatna kiyA hai| ___isa prakAra sthAnAMga sUtra ke mAdhyama se zAstrakAra ne jIvana kA sarvAMgINa adhyayana prastuta kiyA hai| saMdarbha 1. sthAne hRSIkeza tava prakIrtyA-gItA 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa pR. 172 3. tao therabhUmIo paNNatAo, taMjahA-jAidherai, suttathere, priyaaythere| saTThivAsaja e samaNe jiggaMthe jAtidhere, ThANAMga--samavAya--dhareNa samaNe jiggaMthe suyore, vIsavAsa--eriyAe NaM samaNe NiggaMthe priyaaythere| -sthAnAMga 3/3/165 4. sUtrakRtAMge trayANAM triSaSTyAdhikAnAM pANDikazatAnAM dRSTaya : prarUpyante, tato hInapayo matibhedena mithyAtva yaayaat| caturvarSa-paryAyasya dharme'vapADhamatirbhavati. tata: kusamayai pahiyate, tena caturvarSa-paryAyasya taduddeSTumanujJAtam-tathA paMcavarSo'pavAdasya yogya iti kRtvA paMcavarSasya dazakalpavyavahArAn ddaati| tathA paMcAnA varSAgAmupariparyAyo nikRSTa ucyate, tena kAraNena sthAne samavAye navAdhItena zrutasthavirA bhavanti tena kAraNena nadarezana prativiSTaparyAyo gRhItastatha sthAnaM samavAyazca
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________________ mahardhika prAyeNa dvAdazAnAmapyaMgAnA tena sUcanAditi tena tatparikarmitamatau dazavarSaparyAye vyaakhyaaprjnyptiruddishyte| bhASyakAra 5. suptiDantaM pdm| 6. chaccaaddha-paliovamAiM paramAuM paalitaa|| 7. dvIndriya jIva-tvacA aura rasanendriya vAle, trIndriya jIva tvacA, rasanA aura nAka vaale| caturindriya jIva tvacA, rasanA, nAka aura A~kha vaale| paMcendiya jIva tvacA, rasanA nAka A~kha aura kAna vaale|