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________________ Jain Education zrIpuruSamalAla menAriyA ema0 e0. sAhityaratna rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA sthAna madhyakAlIna bhAratIya itihAsa meM rAjasthAna ko parama gauravapUrNa sthAna prApta huA hai. rAjasthAnI vIra-vIrAMganAoM ne apane dharma aura mAna-maryAdA kI rakSA hetu asIma tyAga aura balidAna kie haiM. gauravapUrNa mRtyu prApta karanA rAjasthAnI -vilAsoM ko tuccha jIvana kA sadiyoM taka pradhAna uddezya banA rahA aura rAjasthAnI vIra-vIrAMganAoM ne sAMsArika sukhasamajhate hue maraNa ko mahAn tyauhAra ke rUpa meM aMgIkRta kiyA. maraNatyauhAra ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai yaha Taha dhure tramAgalA hai siMghava lalakAra / citta kuMbha cailAM cahe, zrAja maraNa tyuMhAra || arthAt-nakkAre baja rahe haiM, sidhurAga vRkta jalakAra ho rahI hai aura pisa hAdiyoM se sAmanA karanA cAhatA hai kyoMki Aja maraNa-tyohAra hai. arthAt - Aja ghara para sAsa hone ke lie umaMgita ho rahI Aja ghare sAsU kahe, harakha bahU baleyA se pUta cANaka kAya / mareyA jAya // kahatI hai ki usako acAnaka harSa kyoM ho rahA hai ? isalie ki usakI putra vadhU satI hai aura putra yuddhabhUmi meM marane jA rahA hai ! suta mariyo hita desa re, harakhyo baMdhu samAja / mAM nahaM harakhI janama de, jatarI harakhI zrAja // arthAt - putra deza hita mArA gayA to bandhusamAja prasanna huA. mAM putra ko janma dekara jitanI prasanna nahIM huI thI utanI usake marane para huI hai. isa prakAra rAjasthAna bhArata deza kI vIra bhUmi ke rUpa meM vikhyAta ho gayA hai, jisake viSaya meM suprasiddha itihAsakAra jemsa TADa ne likhA hai- "rAjasthAna meM eka bhI choTI riyAsata aisI nahIM hai jisameM tharmopolI jaisI yuddha bhUmi na ho aura kadAcit hI koI aisA nagara ho jisane liyoniDAsa jaisA yoddhA nahIM utpanna kiyA ho. ' rAjasthAna ko vIra bhUmi banAne kA pradhAna zreya jahA~ rAjasthAna ke raNabAMkure vIroM ko hai, vahAM use vIrabhUmi ke rUpa meM jagatvikhyAta karane kA zreya sAhitya evaM sAhityakAroM ko hai. rAjasthAna ke sAhityakAra lekhanI ke sAtha hI talavAra ke bhI dhanI rahate hue svayaM yuddha bhUmi meM vIroM ke sAtha marane-mArane ke lie tatpara rahe haiM. aise vIra rasAvatAra kaviyoM kI parama prabhAvazAlI vANI se prerita hote hue rAjasthAna ke agaNita vIroM aura vIrAMganAoM ne apane prANa saharSa hI 1. dI enalsa eNDa enTikviTIja Apha rAjasthAna, kuksa saMskaraNa, laMdana, bhUmikA, bhAga 1, 1120 I0. 1000+ chis 11000/ urally.org
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________________ Jain E wwwVVVVVVVVVVVV 782 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : caturtha adhyAya utsarga kara die. isalie jemsa TADa ke ukta kathana ke aMtima bhAga ko isa prakAra saMzodhita karanA sarvathA upayukta hogA " aura kadAcit hI koI aisA nagara ho jisane liyoniDAsa jaisA yoddhA tathA homara jaisA kavi nahIM utpanna kiyA ho." "rAjasthAnI sAhitya' se aneka tAtparya ho sakate haiM. yathA -1 rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita sAhitya, 2. rAjasthAna meM racita saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza, braja, khar3IbolI, urdU aura phArasI bhASAoM kA sAhitya 3 rAjasthAniyoM kA sAhitya, phira cAhe vaha kisI bhI bhASA meM racita ho, 4. rAjasthAna se sambandhita sAhitya, cAhe vaha kisI bhI viSaya athavA bhASA meM racita ho. 'rAjasthAnI sAhitya' se abhiprAya ukta paribhASAoM meM se prathama paribhASA arthAt "rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita sAhitya" mAnanA hI upayukta hogA. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa : rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa zrI narottamadAsa jI svAmI aura rAmanivAsa jI hArIta ne nimnalikhita do bhAgoM meM kiyA hai : 1. sAhitya. 2. sAdhAraNa bolacAla kI rAjasthAnI kA sAhitya. ' zrI narottamadAsa jI svAmI ne zailiyoM kI dRSTi se rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai 1. jaina-zailI 2. cAraNI-zailI 3. laukika-zailI. " ra DaoN0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI ne rAjasthAnI kI sAhitya dhaniyA~ cAra mAnI haiM 1. jaina-zailI, 2. cAraNa-sI saMta-sI aura 4, laukika-zailI 3 zrI sItArAmajI lAlasa ne rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko nimnalikhita cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA haiM 1. jaina sAhitya, 2. cAraNa-sAhitya 2. bhakti-sAhitya aura 4. loka-sAhitya. * rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke ukta sabhI vargIkaraNa apUrNa haiM kyoMki inameM rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke viSaya pramukha rUpoM kA samAveza nahIM ho pAtA. rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA vargIkaraNa nimnalikhita sAta bhAgoM meM karanA sarvathA samIcIna hogA1. jaina sAhitya 2. galahatya 3. piMgala - sAhitya, 4. paurANika evaM bhakti-sAhitya, 5. saMta-sAhitya, 6. loka-sAhitya, aura 7. Adhunika sAhitya. hamAre deza meM kAlakramAnusAra kramaza: vaidika ( chAndasa), saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza nAmaka prAcIna bhASAoM kA prabhutva rahA. rAjasthAnI bhAratIya Arya bhASA parivAra kI eka Adhunika bhASA mAnI gaI hai. rAjasthAnI bhASA kA 1. rAjasthAna rA dUhA bhAga 1, navayuga sAhitya mandira po0 vA0 naM0 78 dillI prathama saMskaraNa 1935 I0, prastAvanA pR0 42. 2. rAjasthAnI sAhitya eka paricaya, navayuga grantha kuTIra, bIkAnera. Adhunika pustaka bhavana, 30/31 kalAkAra sTrITa, kalakattA, 7. 3. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, pR0 5. - rAjasthAnI zodha-saMsthAna, copAsanI, jodhapura, 4, rAjasthAnI zabdakoSa, prastAvanA, pR0 84. Pr SalsaNanas ZINSENSEISENESEABE besty.org
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________________ Cate puruSottamalAla menAriyA : rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA sthAna : 783 udbhava rAjasthAna meM pracalita nAgara apabhraMza se huA hai." rAjasthAnI bhASA ke udbhava kAla ke viSaya meM vibhinna mata prakaTa kiye gaye haiM. mahApaNDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ne rAjasthAnI aura anya bhAratIya Adhunika bhASAoM kA udbhava kAla vi0 saM0 817 nirdhArita kiyA hai. 2 rAjasthAnI bhASA-sAhitya kA Arambha kAla vi0 saM0 1045 bhI likhA gayA hai. u zrI narottamadAsa jI svAmI ne rAjasthAnI bhASA kA udbhava vi0 saM0 1150 likhA hai. 4 rAjasthAnI bhASA-sAhitya kI prAcInatama racanA ke rUpa meM 'pUSI' athavA 'puSya kavi dvArA vi0 saM0 700 meM racita alaMkAra - grantha kA ullekha mAtra prApta hotA hai. yaha kRti adyAvadhi aprApya hai ataeva isake viSaya meM nizcitarUpeNa mata nahIM vyakta kiyA jA sakatA. isI prakAra citaur3a nareza mAga dvitIya [vi0 [saM0 800-900] kRta 'zumA rAmro' kA ullekha bhI prApta hotA hai kintu yaha graMtha bhI prApya nahIM hai. 6 18vIM sadI meM daulatavijaya apara nAma dalapatavijaya racita khUmANa rAso aura ukta khumANa rAso ko eka hI kRti mAna lene ke kAraNa vidvAnoM meM eka vivAda avazya uTha khar3A huA hai. isa prakAra rAjasthAnI bhASA kI utpatti ke sambandha meM ukta graMthoM ko pramANa svarUpa nahIM prastuta kiyA jA sakatA. 7 udyotana sUri dvArA vi0 saM0 835 meM likhe gaye 'kuvalayamAlA' kathAgrantha se rAjasthAnI bhASA ke marudezIya rUpa kA ullekha nAma sahita isa prakAra prApta hotA hai jaya jaDe bahu bho kati (vi), pINa sU (yU) saMge / tupA bhaNire graha pecchai mArue tanto || S appA ukta pramANa se prakaTa hai ki rAjasthAnI bhASA kA udbhava vi0 saM0 835 meM ho cukA thA aura usake marudezIya rUpa kI pratiSThA bhI ho cukI thI. isalie udyotana sUri ne deza kI tatkAlIna aThAraha ullekhanIya pramukha bhASAoM meM marudezIya bhASA kI gaNanA kI. isa prakAra rAjasthAnI bhASA-sAhitya kA udbhavakAla navamI zatAbdI vikramIya mAna lene meM koI Apatti nahIM honI cAhie. navIM zatAbdI se Adhunika kAla taka rAjasthAnI bhASA-sAhitya kA nirmANa nirantara hotA rahA hai jisase isa sAhitya kI sampannatA svataH prakaTa hotI hai. rAjasthAna meM brAhmaNa paNDitoM, rAjapUtoM, cAraNoM, motIsaroM, brahma bhaTToM, DhAr3hiyoM, jaisA aura sAdhviyoM, patiyoM, nirguNI saMtoM Adi sAhityAnurAgiyoM dvArA pracura parimANa meM rAjasthAnI bhASA-sAhitya kA nirmANa, saMrakSaNa, saMvarddhana, anuvAda, TIkA Adi kArya sucAru rUpa meM sampanna huA. rAjasthAnI bhASA-sAhitya 1. rAjasthAnI bhASA kI utpatti aura vikAsa ke viSaya meM vizeSa vivaraNa lekhaka kI eka pustaka "rAjasthAnI bhASA kI rUparekhA" prakAzakahindI pracAraka pustakAlaya, banArasa meM pR0 7 / 23 para dRSTavya hai. 2. hindI kAvyadhArA, kitAba mahala, prayAga, prastAvanA pR0 12. 3. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga pR0 103. 4. rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, navayuga grantha kuTIra bIkAnera, pR0 22. 5. (ka) DA0 rAmakumAra varmA, 'hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa', rAmanArAyaNalAla ilAhAbAda, 1658 pR0 46. (kha) pro0 udayasiMha bhaTanAgara, hindI sAhitya bhAga 2, bhAratIya hindI pariSad prayAga, 1656 pR0 620. 6. zivasiMha saroja, sAtavAM saMskaraNa, 1626 pR0 6. 7. (ka) rAmacandra zukla, 'hindI sAhitya kA itihAsa', sAtavAM saMskaraNa, saM0 2008 pR0 33. (kha) DA0 rAmakumAra varmA, hindI sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, rAmanArAyaNa lAla, ilAhAbAda, 1638 pR0 144. (ka) kuvalayamAlA kathA, siMvI jaina granthamAlA, padmazrI muni jinavijayajI, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI. (kha) apabhraMza kAnyatrayo, saM0 lAlacandra bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, gAyakavAr3a - oriyanTala sIrIja, oriyanTala insTITyUTa bar3odA pR0 12-63. 8. Jain EduSERENENENZINZINANZINAISESEINCINEINZINEINZINEISPINAISE.
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________________ Jain Edi wwwww~~~~m 784 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti grantha : tRtIya adhyAya prAcInatA, viSayoM kI vividhatA, racanA - zailiyoM kI anekarUpatA, padya ke sAtha hI gadya kI pracuratA aura utkRSTatA kI dRSTi se vizeSa mahatva kA mAnA gayA hai. yathA "bhakti sAhitya hameM pratyeka prAMta meM milatA hai. sabhI sthAnoM meM kaviyoM ne apane DhaMga se rAdhA aura kRSNa ke gItoM kA gAna kiyA hai kiMtu rAjasthAna ne apane rakta se jisa sAhitya kA nirmANa kiyA hai, vaha advitIya hai. aura usakA kAraNa bhI hai-- rAjasthAnI kaviyoM ne jIvana kI kaThora vAstavikatAoM kA svayaM sAmanA karate hue yuddha ke nakkAre kI dhvani ke sAtha svabhAvataH ayatnaja kAvya-gAna kiyA. unhoMne apane sAmane sAkSAt ziva ke tANDava kI taraha prakRti kA nRtya dekhA thA. kyA Aja koI apanI kalpanA dvArA usa koTi ke kAvya kI racanA kara sakatA hai ! rAjasthAnIya bhASA ke pratyeka dohe meM jo vIratva kI bhAvanA aura umaMga hai vaha rAjasthAna kI maulika nidhi hai aura samasta bhAratavarSa ke gaurava kA viSaya hai. ' -- vizvakavi ravIndranAtha ThAkura "rAjasthAnI vIroM kI bhASA hai. rAjasthAnI sAhitya vIra-sAhitya hai, saMsAra ke sAhitya meM usakA nirAlA sthAna hai. vartamAna kAla ke bhAratIya navayuvakoM ke lie to usakA adhyayana anivArya honA cAhie. isa prANa bhare sAhitya aura usakI bhASA ke uddhAra kA kArya atyanta Avazyaka hai. maiM usa dina kI pratIkSA meM hU~ jaba hindU vizvavidyAlaya meM rAjasthAnI kA sarvAMgapUrNa vibhAga sthApita ho jAegA, jisameM rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya kI khoja tathA adhyayana kA pUrNa prabandha hogA." - mahAmanA madanamohana mAlavIya 'sAhitya kI dRSTi se bhI cAraNI kRtiyA~ bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiM. unakA apanA sAhityika mUlya hai aura kula mila kara ve aisI sAhityika nidhiyA~ haiM jo adhika prakAza meM Ane para Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM avazya hI atyanta mahattva kA sthAna prApta karegI. ' -zrI AzutoSa mukarjI * DiMgala sAhitya rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke antargata DiMgala eka vizeSa zailI hai. DiMgala ko prAdhAnya dete hue aneka vidvAnoM ne DiMgala ko rAjasthAnI kAvya kA paryAya mAna liyA hai. katipaya vidvAnoM ne DiMgala ko rAjasthAnI kA sAhityika rUpa kahA hai. ukta donoM hI mata nirAdhAra haiM. rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke antargata jaina sAhitya, paurANika sAhitya, maukhika rUpa se upalabdha hone vAlA loka-sAhitya, piMgala sAhitya aura Adhunika zailI meM likhe hue sAhitya kA bhI samAveza hotA hai kintu isa samasta sAhitya ko DiMgala nahIM kahA jA sakatA. isI prakAra ina sabhI racanAoM ko DiMgala nahIM mAnate hue asAhityika bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA. DiMgala isa prakAra rAjasthAnI sAhitya kI eka pradhAna zailI hI hai jisako rAjasthAna ke samasta bhAgoM meM apanAyA gayA hai. DiMgala kA mUla AdhAra pazcimI rAjasthAnI arthAt mAravAr3I hai aura DiMgala meM likhane vAle mukhyataH cAraNa haiM. DiMgala ne rAjasthAna aura rAjasthAnI bhASA ko ekarUpatA pradAna kI hai. DiMgala sAhitya meM aneka prabandhakAvyoM ke sAtha hI paryApta mAtrA meM muktakagIta, dUhA, bhUlaNA, kuNDaliyA, nIsANI aura chappaya Adi prApta hote haiM. DiMgala gIta gAe nahIM jAte varan vaidika RcAoM kI bhA~ti prabhAvazAlI zailI meM uccarita kiye jAte haiM. DiMgala gItoM ke prakAra 120 taka prakAza meM A cuke haiM. DiMgala kavi kalama calAne ke sAtha hI talavAra ke bhI dhanI hote the. yuddhakSetra meM svayaM lar3ate hue apanI vIra rasapUrNa vANI se yoddhAoM ko kartavyapatha meM agrasara rahane hetu protsAhita karate the. ojaguNa sampannatA, rasaparipAka, aitihA sikatA tathA prabhAvazAlitA kI dRSTi se DiMgala kAvyoM kA hamAre sAhitya meM vizeSa sthAna hai. vIratA ke sAtha hI bhakti 1. (ka) mADarna rivyU, kalakattA, sitambara 1638, jilda 64, pR0 710. (kha) nAgarA pracAriNI patrikA, vArANasI bhAga 45, aMka 3, kArtika saM0 1667 pR0 228-30 2. ThAkura rAmasiMha jI kA adhyakSIya abhibhASaNa, akhila bhAratIya rAjasthAnI sAhitya sammelana, dinAjapura saM0 2001 50 11-12. 3. vahI.
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________________ Jain Ed puruSomalAla menAriyA rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA sthAna 785 aura zRMgAra bhI DiMgala kaviyoM ke priya viSaya rahe haiM. vIratA zrRMgAra aura bhakti kI triveNI meM snAna kara madhyakAlIna rAjasthAnI zUravIra anupama vIratA aura tyAga bhAvanA kA paricaya de sake haiM. DiMgala kAvyoM se hameM svAdhInatA, svAbhimAna aura AtmarakSA kA amara saMdeza prApta hotA hai. : DiMgala sAhitya kI utkRSTatA sabhI vidvAnoM ne svIkAra kI hai, kintu DiMgala' zabda kI vyutpatti ke sambandha meM prakaTa kie gae matoM meM bhinnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai. inameM se prAyaH sabhI mata anumAnAdhita haiM. DiMgala racanAoM meM zivadAsa cAraNa (1470 vi0 1414 I0) kRta 'acaladAsa khIcI rI vacanikA' durasA jI Ar3hA (1562-1712 vi0 1536-1656 I0) kI viruddha chitarI aura muktaka gIta, IsaradAsa jI bAraha (1595 vi0 1676 vi0 saM0) kRta 'hAlA jhAlA rA kuMDaliyA aura harirasa, mahArAja pRthvIrAja rAThaur3a (vi0 saM0 16061657, 1550 se 1601 I0) kRta 'veli krisana rukamaNI rI' 'sAMyAM jI bhUlA ( 1632 se 1703 vi0 saM0) kRta 'rukamiNIharaNa' va 'nAgadamaNa' kaviyA karaNIdAna jI ( racanA kAla saMvat 1800 lagabhaga) kRta 'sUrajaprakAza' kavirAjA vAMkIdAsa (saM0 1828 se 1890) kUla aneka laghukAvya, mahAkavi sUrajamala mizraNa (1872 se 1920 vi0 saM0) kRta pIrasatasaI, kesarIsiMha bArahaTha (1929 se 1920 vi0 saM0) kula sphuTa patha aura nAnudAna mahiyAriyA (vartamAna) kRta 'vIra satasaI vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM. piMgala-sAhitya piMgala kA artha chandazAstra hotA hai. rAjasthAnI piMgala sAhitya se tAtparya aneka vidvAnoM ne brajabhASA liyA hai kintu piMgala kA artha brajabhASA kisI bhI koSa meM upalabdha nahIM hotA. rAjasthAnI piMgala sAhitya se tAtparya mukhyataH zaurasenI prabhAvita rAjasthAnI kAvyoM ke una rUpoM se hai jinakI racanAeM paramparAgata chandoM meM huI haiM. zaurasenI athavA vrajabhASA kA prabhAva aneka rAjasthAnI kAvyoM para nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM upalabdha hotA hai. rAjasthAnI piMgala - racanAoM meM mahAkavi canda kRta 'pRthvIrAja rAso [isakI prAcInatama prati saM0 1664 meM likhita upalabdha huI hai aura rAjasthAna prAcya vidyA pratiSThAna, jodhapura ke graMthAgAra meM surakSita hai ], naraharidAsa bArahaTha [vi0 saM0 1648 se 1733] kRta avatAracaritra, mahArAjA bahAdurasiMha, vivAnagar3ha [zA0 kA0 1746-1782 vi0 saM0] kRta muktaka chanda, gaNezapurI [ja0 saM01003] kRta 'vIra vinoda' [mahAbhAratamata prasaMga para AdhArita] mahArAjA pratApasiMha, jayapura [vi0 1021-1060] mahArANA javAnasiMha udayapura [vi0 1857-1665 ] rAjakumArI sundarakuMvarI, kizanagar3ha [vi0 saM0 1761-1853] kI racanAeM aura svarUpadAsa kRta 'pANDava yazendu candrikA [20vIM sadI] mahattvapUrNa haiM. paurANika evaM bhakti sAhitya rAjasthAnI bhASA meM purANa-granthoM para AdhArita sAhitya bhI vizAla parimANa meM likhA gayA hai. isa prakAra kA sAhitya padya ke sAtha hI gadya meM bhI prApta hotA hai isalie vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai. rAjasthAnI paurANika sAhitya meM rAma, kRSNa, ziva, durgA Adi ke sAtha hI, harizcandra, uSA, aniruddha ke caritroM kA vistRta nirUpaNa huA hai. sAtha hI brahmANDapurANa, padmapurANa, zrImadbhAgavata aura sUryapurANa ke TIkA yukta rAjasthAnI anuvAda bhI milate haiM. paurANika sAhitya meM sor3hI nAthI [amarakoTa] kRta bAlacaritra [saM0 1731] aura kaMsalIlA [saM0 1731] sammana bAI kaviyA [ alavara ] kRta kRSNa bAla lIlA, bhImakavi kRta hari lIlA [ra0 kA0 saM01543] tathA zrImadbhAgavata, harivaMza purANa aura viSNupurANa sambandhI racanAeM ullekhanIya hai. 1. DA0 hIrAlAla mAhezvarI, rAjasthAnI bhASA aura sAhitya, Adhunika pustaka bhavana 30-31. kala kAra sTrITa, kalakattA 7, pR06-17 Cattrary.org
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________________ 786 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-prantha : caturtha adhyAya saMta-sAhitya rAjasthAna prAcInakAla se hI aneka santa-sampradAyoM kA kendra rahA hai. rAjasthAnI vIroM ke Azraya meM aneka santa-sampradAyoM ko protsAhana milA. rAjasthAna meM dAdU, rAmasnehI, niraMjanI, viSNoI Adi santa-sampradAyoM kA janma bhI huA. dAdU, rajjaba, rAmacaraNadAsa, sundaradAsa, jasanAtha jaise aneka santoM kI vANI kA rAjasthAna meM hI nahIM bAhara bhI prasAra hai. rAjasthAnI saMta-sAhitya meM dhArmika udAratA kA pratipAdana huA hai. isameM AtmA aura paramAtmA kI ekatA, batAte hue sabhI vargoM aura jAtiyoM ke lie mukti kA mArga prazasta kiyA gayA hai.' loka-sAhitya janatA se maukhika paramparAnusAra prApta hone vAlA sAhitya lokasAhitya kahA jAtA hai. vidvAnoM ne isa sAhitya ko grAma-sAhitya aura lokavArtA sAhitya bhI kahA hai. rAjasthAna kA prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa aneka vividhatAoM se pUrNa hai. tadanusAra rAjasthAna kA loka-sAhitya bhI vividha rUpoM meM upalabdha hotA hai. rAjasthAna meM prAcInakAla se hI maukhika sAhitya ko lipibaddha karane kI paripATI rahI hai isalie hastalikhita graMthoM meM bhI aneka lokakathAeM, lokagIta, kahAvateM, paheliyA~ aura laukika kAvyAdi likhita rUpa meM prApta ho jAte haiM. rAjasthAnI bhASA meM loka sAhitya ke antargata hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM lokagIta, lokakathAe', kahAvateM, muhAvare, paheliyA~, pavAr3e aura khyAla (loka-nATaka) pracalita haiM. dhArmika siddhAMtoM ke pracAra ke lie aneka jaina sAhityakAroM ne bhI loka sAhitya kI vibhanna zailiyoM meM apanI racAnAeM likhI haiM jinameM unheM pUrNa saphalatA prApta huI hai. rAjasthAnI loka sAhitya maukhika hone se lupta hotA jA rahA hai isalie isako turanta hI vaijJAnika vidhiyoM se lipibaddha karanA Avazyaka hai. rAjasthAnI bhASA meM 'pAbU jI rA pavAr3A,' 'bagar3Avata' aura 'nihAlade' nAmaka mahAkAvya abhI taka maukhika rUpa meM pracalita haiM. AkAra-prakAra kI dRSTi se inakA mahattva mahAbhArata se kama nahIM mAnA jA sakatA. Adhunika-sAhitya bhArata meM briTiza-zAsana kI sthApanA ke pazcAt navInatA kA sUtrapAta huA hai. isI samaya rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM bhI navIna vicAroM aura navIna vidhAoM kA samAveza hote lagA. rAjasthAna meM rAjAoM aura aMgrejoM ke dohare zAsanakAla meM presa evaM prakAzana kAryoM para kar3e pratibandha lagAe gae jinake pariNAma svarUpa Adhunika rAjasthAnI sAhitya kA prakAzana yatheccha mAtrA meM nahIM ho sakA. tathApi zivacandajI bharatiyA, rAmakaraNajI AsopA, gulAbacandajI nAgorI, DA. gaurIzaMkara jI hIrAcanda ojhA, purohita harinArAyaNajI prabhRti aneka samartha sAhityakAroM ne apanI racanAoM se rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko samRddhizAlI banAyA. Adhunika kAla meM muni jinavijayajI, agaracandajI nAhaTA, narottamadAsajI svAmI, DA. motIlAla, kanhaiyAlAlajI sahala, manoharajI zarmA, sItArAmajI lAlasa, DA0 tessItorI, DA0 jArja giyarsana, DA. elana, DA0 sunItikumAra jI, cATuryA prabhRti vidvAnoM ne rAjasthAnI bhASA sAhitya kA vizeSa adhyayana kiyA aura rAnI lakSmI kumArIjI cuMDAvata jaise aneka gadyalekhaka rAjasthAnI sAhitya ko samRddha karane meM saMlagna haiM. rAjasthAnI kaviyoM meM nArAyaNa siMha bhATI aura kanhaiyAlAla seThiyA kI vividha viSayaka racanAeM, candrasiMha aura nAnUnAma kI prakRti sambandhI racanAe~, megharAja mukula aura gajAnana varmA ke gIta, revatadAna cAraNa kI ojasvI racanAeM aura vimaleza aura buddhiprakAza kI hAsyarasAtmaka racanAeM vizeSa ullekhanIya haiM. vartamAna meM saikar3oM hI kavi aura lekhaka rAjasthAnI bhASA ko sampanna karane meM saceSTa haiM aura inakI racanAoM kA janatA meM vizeSa pracAra-prasAra hai. 1. rAjasthAnI santa-sAhitya ke viSaya meM vistRta vivaraNa, lekhaka ke anya nibandha (zrI kanoI abhinandana grantha 40 e0, hanumAna ror3a naI dillI meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * JainEduts...
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________________ puruSottamalAla menAriyA rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA sthAna : 787 jaina sAhityakAra Adhunika bhAratIya bhASA ke sAhitya meM prAcInatama racanAeM jaina sAhityakAroM dvArA racita hI upalabdha hotI haiM. jaina sAhitya kA mahattva prAcInatA ke sAtha hI gadya kI pracuratA, kAvyoM kI vividharUpatA aura jIvana ko ucca uddezya kI ora agrasara karane kI kSamatA ke kAraNa hai. jaina sAhityakAra sAmAnya sAMsArika jIva nahIM haiM varan ve jIvana ke vistRta anubhavoM se yukta aura sAdhanA ke ucca dharAtala para pahu~ce hue jJAnI mahAtmA haiM. ataeva jaina sAhitya zuddha sAhityika tattvoM se yukta hotA huA bhI upadeza tattvoM se pUrNa hai. jaina sAhitya meM zuddha sAhityika tattvoM ke sAtha hI usakI upayogitA ke tatva bhI upalabdha hote haiM. aneka itihAsakAroM ne dhArmika tattva hone se jaina sAhitya kA samAveza apane itihAsa graMthoM meM nahIM kiyA hai. vAstava meM dhArmika tatvoM se hIna sAhitya ko sAhitya bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA. sUra aura tulasI jaise aneka sAhityakAroM kA sAhitya pUrNarUpeNa dhArmika hai jisakA samAveza ina graMthoM meM kiyA gayA hai. ina itihAsakAroM ne prAcInakAla meM anya racanAeM upalabdha nahIM huI taba avazya hI kAla sthApanA ke lie jaina - racanAoM kA ullekha kiyA hai. jaina sAhityakAroM ne vAstava meM kevala dhArmika viSayoM para hI nahIM likhA, varan vaidyaka, koSa, nagara-varNana, kAvya-zAstra, itihAsa, bhUgola, vAstu-vidyA Adi aneka viSayoM para adhikArapUrvaka yathAtathya nirUpaNa karate hue likhA hai. jaina - sAhityakAroM ne aneka sAhityika vidhAoM kI sRSTi kI. padya ke antargata prabandha, rAsa, rAso, bhAsa, caupaI, phAga, bArahamAsA, caumAsA, dUhA, gIta, dhavala, gajala, saMvAda, mAtrikA, stavana, sajjhAya, aura maMgala Adi vividha rUpa jaina sAhityakAroM dvArA vikasita hue. isI prakAra gadya ke antargata vArtA, kathA, TIkA, TabbA aura bAlAvabodha Adi ke rUpa likhe gaye. jaina sAhityakAroM ne prAcIna sAhitya kI rakSA meM bhI apUrva yoga diyA hai. jaina-bhaNDAroM meM jaina aura arjana donoM hI prakAra ke prAcIna graMtha surakSita rahe haiM. jaina sAhityakAra prAcIna graMthoM kI pratilipiyoM Aja taka karate rahate hai aura isa prakAra prAcIna jIrNa pratiyoM kA punaruddhAra hotA hai. prAcIna graMtha surakSA kI dRSTi se jaisalamera graMtha bhaNDAra kA udAharaNa hamAre liye Adarza banA huA hai. rAjasthAnI jaina sAhityakAroM meM bajyasena sUri kA 'bharatezvara bAhubali ghora rAjasthAnI bhASA kI prAcInatama racanA mAnI jAtI hai. isa racanA meM kavi ne 46 padyoM meM bharatezvara aura bAhubalI kA yuddhavarNana kiyA hai. isa kAvya meM zAMta rasa kA bhI samAveza hai. * rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke vIra gAthAkAla ke pradhAna kavi zAlibhadra sUri hue, jinhoMne vi0 saM0 1241 meM 'bharatezvara bAhubalI rAsa' kAvya likha kara rAsa paramparA ke aMtargata vIra rasAtmaka kAvyoM kA zrIgaNeza kiyA. muhammadagorI kI pRthvIrAja cauhAna ke viruddha tarAina yuddha ( vi0 saM0 1240, I0 1173 ) kI vijaya se janatA meM prabala pratizodha kI bhAvanA utpanna huI aura vIrarasa kA saMcAra huA. phalasvarUpa zAlibhadrasUri jaise kavi bhI apane Apako sama-sAmayika vIra-bhAvanA se vaMcita na kara sake. sama-sAmayika bIra-bhAvanA ke pariNAma svarUpa jaina sAhitya meM bharatezvara aura bAhubaliviSayaka kAvya-nirmANa kI sudIrgha paramparA pracalita huI. bharata aura bAhubalI ke madhya hue yuddha ke dRzya arbudAcala ke suprasiddha jaina maMdira vimala - sahI meM sundaratApUrvaka utkIrNa kiye haiM. yaha rAsa vIrarasapUrNa hote hue bhI nirvedAnta hai. isameM utsAha, darpa aura svAbhimAna pUrNa uktiyoM kI kAvyAtmaka paMktiyA~ vizeSa paThanIya haiM. aneka sthala nATakIya saMlApoM se alaMkRta haiM, yathA 1 1. bharatezvara - bAhubali rAsa, saM0 lAlacandra bhagavAnadAsa gAMdhI, prAcya viyA maMdira bar3audA, prastAvanA pR0 53-56. *** *** ***
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________________ 788 : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya matisAgara bharatezvara-saMvAda, dUta-bAhubalisaMvAda Adi.--dUta-bAhubalisaMvAda kA eka udAharaNa nimna hai : dUta pabhaNai, dUta pabhaNai bAhubali rAu bharahesara cakka dharu kahi na kavaNi dUhavaNa kIjaha, vegi suvegi boliha saMbhali bAhubali / viNa baMdhava savi saMpai uNI, jima viNa lavaNa rasoI aluunnii| tuma baMsaNi utkaMThita rAu, nitu nitu bATa joha bhAu // bAhubalI dUta ko vIratApUrvaka uttara dete haiM: rAu jaMpai, rAu jaMpai suNina suNi dUta / jaM vihi lihIlaM bhAla bhali taMji, loha iha loha pAmaha / ari ri deva na dAnava mahimaMDali maMDalaiva mAnava kAi na laMghai lahiyA lahi, lAbhahi adhika na aojhA dahi / isa rAsa meM senA-varNana, digvijaya-varNana, hAthI ghor3oM aura sainikoM ke aneka varNana atizayoktipUrNa haiM kintu bhASA meM sarvatra pravAha aura anuprAsoM kI chaTA vartamAna hai. vIra-rasAtmaka kAvyoM meM senA-yAtrA ke prasaMga apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM. bharatezvara bAhubali rAsa meM senAyAtrA kA varNana isa prakAra hai ThavaNi prahi Daggami pUraba disihi, pahila cAliya cakka / dhUjiya dharayala tharaharae, caliya kulAcala-cakka // 18 // pUThi piyANu tau diyae, bhuyabali maraha nariMdu tu / piDi paMcAyaNa paradala haiM, halicali avara suriMdu // 16 // vajjiya samahari saMcariya, senApati sAmaMta, miliya mahAdhara maMDaliya, gAr3hiya guNa gajjaMta // 20 // kavi sAdhAru ne saMvat 1411 vi0 (1354 I0) meM 'pradyumnacaritra' likhA. isa kAvya meM kRSNa aura rukmiNI ke putra pradyumnakumAra kA caritra 700 padyoM meM varNita hai. kavi chIhala kA racanAkAla saM0 1574 [1517 I0] hai jinhoMne 'paMcasahelI rA dUhA' likhA. kavi ne apanA paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai: caurAsI agalai sai, ju pandraha saMvacchara / sukala pakSa aSTamI, mAsa kAtika guru vAsara / / hRdaya UpanI buddhi, nAma zrI guru ko lInhau / nAlhiga basinAthU sutanu, agaravAla kula pragaTa ravi / / bAvanI sudhA raci bistaro, kavi kaMkaNa chIhala kavi / / 53 // 1. Atmapratibodha jayamAla 2. udaragIta 3. paMthIgIta aura 4. chIhala bAvanI yA bAvanI chIhala kavi kI prasiddha racanAyeM haiM. vinayasamudra bAkAnera ke upakezagacchIya vAcaka harasamudra ke ziSya the, jinakA samaya saM0 1583 se 1614 taka hai. inakI racanAyeM isa prakAra haiM : 1. hindI kAvyadhArA, rAhula sAMkRtyAyana pR0 400. SHA CAL For Private & Personal use only www.yahelhorary.org
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________________ puruSottamalAla menAriyA : rAjasthAnI sAhitya meM jaina sAhityakAroM kA sthAna : 786 1. vikrama paMcadaMDa copAI 2. ambaDa caupAI (1566) 3. ArAma zobhA caupAI (1583) 4. mRgAvatI caupAI (1602 ) 5. citrasena padmAvatI rAsa (1604) 6. padma caritra (1604) 7. zIla rAsa (1604) 8. rohiNeya rAsa (1605) 6. siMhAsana battIsI caupAI, (1611), 10. nala damayaMtI rAsa (1614), 11. saMgrAma sUri caupAI, 12. caMdanabAlA rAsa, 13. nami rAjarSi saMdhi (1632) 14. sAdhu vaMdanA (1636), 15. brahmacari, 16. zrImaMdhara svAmI stavana, 17. zatrujaya giri maMDaNa zrI Adizvara stavana, 18. stambhana pArzvanAtha stavana, 16. pArzvanAtha stavana, 20. ilAputra rAsa. inakI eka racanA kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai : tAharai darasaNa durita pulAI, nava nidhi sabi maMdira thAI, jAI roga sabi duuro| samaraNa saMkaTa sagalA nAsaha, bAdha saMga puNa nAvai pAsai, Apai aANaMda pUro / vAmeya vasuhAnaMda dAyaka, teja tihuyaNa nAyako / dharaNendra sevata caraNa anudina, sayala vaMchiya dAyako / thaMbhaNAdhIza jiNeza prabhu tUM, pAsa jiNavara sAmiyA / vInatI vinai payodha jaMpai, sayala pUravi kAmiyA / solahavIM sadI ke jaina kaviyoM meM kharataragacchIya kuzalalAbha kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai. inakA janma saM0 1580 ke lagabhaga mAnA jAtA hai. inhoMne 'mAdhavAnala copAI' 'DholAmAravaNIrI caupAI' aura 'piMgala ziromaNi,' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa granthoM kI racanAe~ kI. inakI anya sphuTa racanAe~ bhI upalabdha hotI haiM. hIrakalaza, kharataragacchIya sAgaracandra sUri-zAkhA ke kavi ho gaye haiM jinakA janma saM0 1565 mAnA jAtA hai. hIrakalaza jyotiSa ke vizeSa jJAtA the. inakA racita sAhitya 28 racanAoM meM upalabdha ho cukA hai. inake motI-kapAsiyA saMvAda kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai: motI: deva pUjau guru ta gati jihAM, maMgala kAji vivAha / Adara dIjai amhAM taNI, savi ja karai uchAha / / kapAsiyA: saMbhali tavai kapAsIu, motI ma hUya gamAra / garaba na kIjai bApar3A, bhalA bhalI saMsAra / motI: kahi motI suNa kAMkaDA, mai tai keho sAtha ? hu~ sAhuM kaMcaNa sarisa, tai khala kUkasa bAtha / mai sura naravara bheTiyA, kIdhAM jIhAM siMgAra / tai bheTIyA godhaNa valada, jihAM kIdhA AhAra / / kapAsiyA: uttara dIyaha kapAsIyau, ahma AhAra joi / gAyAM gorasa nIpajai, valade karasaNa hoi / godhaNa jadi vATau na hui, tadi varatai katAra / dhAna vaDai taba becIyai, sovana motI hAra / / hemaratna sUri kA samaya anumAnataH saM0 1616 se 1673 hai. inakI saM0 1645 meM racita 'gorA bAdala padamiNI caUpaI' vizeSa prasiddha hai. isa racanA meM alAuddIna ke cittaur3a-AkramaNa aura gorA bAdala kI vIratA kA varNana hai. isa kRti meM kavi ne vibhinna rasoM kA samAveza kiyA hai : "vIrA rasa siNagAra rasa, hAsA rasa hita hej| sAma-dharama rasa sAMbhalau, jima hovai tana teja // " Jain Edutech O ury.org
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________________ 76. : muni zrIhajArImala smRti-grantha : caturtha adhyAya wwwwwwwwwwwwwww inakI racanA kA udAharaNa isa prakAra hai : pAMna padAratha sughar3a nara, aNatolIyA bikAI / jima jima para bhui saMcarai, moli muhaMgA thAi / haMsA naI saravara ghaNAM, kusuma ketI bhavarAMha / sApurisAM naI sajjana ghaNA, dUri videsa gayAMha / satrahavIM sadI ke jaina sAhityakAroM meM samayasundara (saM0 1620 se 1702) kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai. inakI racanAyeM aneka haiM jinakA prakAzana samayasundara kRta 'kusumAMjali' meM zrI agaracanda jI nAhaTA dvArA saMpAdita rUpa meM ho cukA hai. inake gItoM ke viSaya meM prasiddha hai: "samayasundara rA gItar3A, kuMbhe rANe rA bhiiNtdd'aa|" arthAt jisa prakAra mahArANA kuMbhA dvArA banavAyA huA cittaur3a kA kIrtistambha, kuMbhazyAma kA mandira aura kuMbhalagar3ha prasiddha hai usI prakAra samayasundara ke gIta prasiddha haiM. kavi udayarAja jodhapura nareza udayasiMha jI ke samakAlIna the. inakA ( ja0 saM0 1931-1674 I0) mAnA jAtA hai. inakI racanAoM meM 'bhajana chattIsI' aura 'guNabAvanI' mahattvapUrNa hai. jinaharSa kA apara nAma jasarAja thA. inakI racanAoM meM jasarAja bAvanI (saM0 1738 vi0 meM racita)aura nanda bahottarI (saM0 1714 meM racita) prasiddha haiM. 18 vIM zatAbdI meM Anandaghana nAmaka kavi ne 'cIbIsI' nAmaka racanA meM tIrthaMkaroM ke stavana likhe. inakA dehAnta mAravAr3a meM saM0 1730 vi0 meM huA. inakA AdhyAtmika citana uccakoTi kA thA : rAma kaho rahamAna kaho, kou kAna kaho mahAdeva rI / pArasanAtha kaho kou brahmA, sakala brahma svayameva rI / / bhAjana-bheda kahAvata nAnA, eka mRttikA rUpa rii| taise khaNDa kalpanA ropita, Apa akhaNDa sarUpa rI // nija pada rame rAma so kahie, rahima kare rahemAna rI / kara se karama kAna se kahie, mahAdeva nirvANa rii|| parase rUpa pArasa so kahie, brahma cInheM so brahma rii| isa vidha sAdho Apa AnaMdaghana, cetanamaya niHkarma rI // uttamacanda aura udayacanda bhaMDArI jodhapura ke mahArAjA mAnasiMha ke maMtrI the. inakA racanAkAla saM0 1833 se 1886 taka hai. donoM hI bhaMDArI bandhuoM ne aneka racanAe~ kI jinase inake kAvyazAstrIya aura AdhyAtmika jJAna kA paricaya milatA hai. jaina sAhityakAroM kI saMkhyA saikar3oM hI nahIM hajAroM taka pahuMcatI hai. pratyeka kAla meM sAhityakAroM kI racanAe~ vikasita avasthA meM aura vividha rUpoM meM prApta hotI haiM. jaina sAhitya mukhyataH rAjasthAna aura gujarAta meM racA gayA kyoMki prAcInakAla meM jaina dharma kA pracAra bhI mukhyataH inhIM pradezoM meM huA. jaina sAhityakAroM ne sadA hI loka-bhASA, rAjasthAnI aura gujarAtI meM apanI racanAe~ likhIM jisase inakA pracAra samasta janatA meM sudUra dehAtoM taka meM huA. saMskRta aura hindI meM racita jaina sAhitya bhI upalabdha hotA hai kiMtu atyalpa mAtrA meM hI. rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita jaina sAhitya rAjasthAna hI nahIM dezavideza ke aneka graMtha-bhaMDAroM meM milatA hai. rAjasthAna ke aneka sthAnoM meM jaina sAhitya sambandhI hajAroM hI hastalikhita grantha bikhare hue dhUla-dhUsarita aura jIrNa-zIrNa avasthA meM par3e hue haiM. ina granthoM ke vidhivat saMrakSaNa, sUcIkaraNa, saMpAdana aura prakAzana kI aba anivArya AvazyakatA hai. isa prakAra ke kAryoM ke pUrNarUpeNa sampAdita hone para jJAta hogA ki jaina sAhityakAroM kA rAjasthAnI sAhitya ke nirmANa evaM vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa yoga rahA hai.