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________________ madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA mukhya jaina sAhityakAro vijayarAya kalyANarAya vaidya bhAratIya saMskRtinA sarva abhyAsIo jANe che tema, bhAratavarSanA AryonA AryatvanA amRtarase jenAM mULa siMcana pAmyAM che, hajI pAmyuM jAya che, te dharmavRkSanI vaidika, jaina tathA bauddha e traNa bahuvidha phaLaphUla-paNuM lacelI sundara zAkhAo che. e pratyekanA pravartakonI--bhRguaMgirAatri Adi RSimunionI, mahAvIrasvAmInI tathA bhagavAna tathAgata muddanI gaNanA jagatanI virala vibhUtiomAM thAya che. AjathI zatakonA zatako para e adhyAtmadarzI adhyAtmaprabhAvI mahAtmAoe A dezanI prajAmAM adhyAtmalakSI balake adhyAtmaniSTha vaidharma, jainadharma tathA auddadharmane judA judA samaye pratita karyAM. e pratyekanI ArSavANIthI prabhAvita thaI ne, kaho ke e vacanAmRtane AtmasAt karIne ApaNA dezanAM prajAjanoe enA lAkSaNika bhinna bhinna pradezomAM yuge yuge ve ve maLyamitaH saMsiddhi samate naH / e prAcIna to ce nityanavIna bhagavadvacana anusAra dharmapAlana dvArA vanasiddhi pUrvasaMskArane karI che ane saMskRta, ardhamAgadhI tathA pAlIthI mAMDIne anyAnya dezabhASAo dvArA vividha sAhityasiddhi paNa te te dharmasaMskRtinA upAsaka asaMkhya sArasvatoe karI che. e dhaNA kavio ane thoDA gadyasvAmIomAMnA je je A gurjara-bhUmimAM ApaNA sAhityanA AdikALathI (DaoN. munazInA 'guja. eNnDa iTsa lis 'mAM ullekhita taraMgAvatInA kavi pAdaliptAcArya (I sa0 500 pahelAM) tathA haribhadra (750) dharmakathAonA raciyatA : A baMneno ullekha ahIM vacce karI levo dharTa)----AdikALathI IsavI aDhAramI sadI sudhImAM thaI gayA temAMnA mukhyanI sAhityasevAno itparicaya saMkSepamAM karAvavAno A upakrama che. e nivighne pAra paDe e mATe, jainadharmI to paNa sarvadharma-samabhAvI zrImad hemacaMdrAcArye somanAtha bhagavAnanI (je tattve eka, paNa svarUpAntare to amArA iSTadeva che te hATakezanI) stuti je amara zlokathI karI che, tenAthI AraMbha karavo ucita lAge che : yatra tatra samaye yathA tathA yo'si so'syabhidhayA yathA tathA vItadoSakaluSaH sa ced bhavAn eka eva bhagavan namostute /
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________________ madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA mukhya jaina sAhityakAroH 205 bhavabIjAkurAjananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya brahmA vA viSNurvA mahezvaro vA namastasmai // [game te sthaLe, game tevA samaye, tame game te ho ane game te nAmathI oLakhAtA ho, paNa je maLadoSathI rahita ho to te eka evA Apa bhagavAnane namaskAra ho. bhavanA bIja aMkuranA kAraNarUpa evA, rAga Adi jenA kSaya pAmI gayA che evA te viSNu ho, brahmA ho ke mahezvara-zaMkara ho, tene namarakAra ho.]. athavA eTaluM ja zA mATe? e mahAna bhAratIya sArasvata ethI ya eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhIne jemAMthI brahmAMDanI utpatti thaI te paramAtmatatvanI gahana anubhUtipUrvaka stuti je eka bIjA prasiddhatara zlokamAM nimittabhede paNa AvirbhAva to te ja paramAtmAnA, ene saMsmarIne karI che, teno zabdArtha ja ahIM Apavo basa thaze : je vedya jagatane jANe che, jeNe utpattirUpI samudranI bhaMgionI pAra joyuM che, jenuM vacana pUrvApara aviruddha anupama ane niSkalaMka che, je sAdhupuruSone vaMdya che, sakala guNanA bhaMDAra che, doSarUpI zatrune jeNe naSTa karyA che evA te buddha ho, vardhamAna ho, zatadalInilaya nAma nivAsamAM rahetA kezava ho ke ziva, tene huM vandana karuM chuM." (bhASAntara, sva. mohanalAla da. dezAInuM) evA e AcArya hemacandrane mATe hiMdI bhASAnA vidvAna paM. zivadattajIe kahyuM che ke saMskRta sAhitya ane vikramAdityanA ItihAsamAM je sthAna kAlidAsanuM che, ane zrIharSanA darabAramAM bANabhaTTanuM, te ja IsavI bAramA zatakamAM caulukyavaMzobhava suprasiddha gurjara narendraziromaNi siddharAja jayasiMhanA itihAsamAM hemacandranuM che. "kalikAlasarvajJa" evuM moMghuM biruda je pAmyA te paMDita pravara jagatabharanI jIvanta jJAnakoSa sadaza nijanika yuge mahAna vADmayavibhUtio eNrisTaoNTala ne lIonArDo DA viMcI sAthe, bekana ane RIthI sAthe. amuka aMze peTika geDIsa ane eena. hAITaheDa sAthe, (jema, aMzataH maramI ItihAsa paMDita TaoNyalmI sAthe potAnI mahojavala pratibhAprabhAnA nivagha lakhalakhatA teje suhAya che ane sadaiva kuhAze e jANIne kayo gujarAtI sAttvika garva nahi anubhave, sagIrava unnatazira nahi bane ? AcArya hemacandra jagatasAhityane karelA bahuvidha pradAnanI pichAna A zlokamAMthI yathArthatayA maLI rahe che : kuluptaM vyAkaraNaM navaM viracitaM chando navaM dvayAzrayA 'laMkArau prathitau navau prakaTitau zrIyogazAstraM navam / tarkaH saMjanito navo jinavarAdInAM caritraM navam baddhaM yena na ke [na kena] vidhinA mohaH kRtau dUrataH // [jeNe navuM vyAkaraNa, navuM chanda zAstra, navuM dvayAzraya racyuM, navAM zAstro alaMkAra, yoga tathA tarkanAM racAM, jeNe jinavarAdinAM navAM caritro paNa racyAM che, teNe e granthasamRddhimAMnA jJAna karIne kaI kaI rIte ApaNo moha dUra karyo nathI ?] A zabdomAM kavi somaprabhasUrie AcAryazrInA je grantharAzinI sarvathA yogya prazaMsA karI che, te vipula vAya Ama aNuvidha che: 1. vyAkaraNa: savA lAkha zlokanuM siddhahema. AmAM prAkRta tathA apabhraMzanAM udAharaNa paNa che.
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________________ 206 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNamahotsava grantha 2. koSa : (1) amarakoSa para AdhArita abhidhAnacintAmaNi (2) anekArthasaMgraha : vanaspativiSayaka nidhaMTu zikSA (3) dezInAmamAlA : prAkRta, sabhASya. 3. piMgala : saMskRta, prAkRta tathA apabhraMzanA chando viSenuM saTIka chandonuzAsana. 4. kAvyazAstra : "alaMkAracUDAmaNi" ane "viveka" nAmanI TIkAo sahitanuM, mammaTAcAryAdi AlaMkArikonA granthonA AdhAra para racAyaluM kAvyAnuzAsana. 5. tarkazAnkrano grantha nAme pramANamImAMsA. 6. mahAkAvya : yAzraya ane kumArapAlacarita. A anukrame 20 tathA 8 sarganAM be saMskRta-prAkRta ItihAsakAvyo che. baMnemAM vyAkaraNanA niyamo paNa samAvyA che. 7. caritragrantha : (1) triSaSThIzalAkApuruSacarita. enA 32,000 zlokomAM 63 jaina narottamonI caritragAthA che. (2) pariziSTaparvamAM sADAtraNa hajAra zlokonuM A che. (3) mahAvIracarita. 8. prakIrNa : yogazAstra tathA stotro. 3 ,, hemacandrAcAryano samaya yogya rIte ja hemayuga kahevAyo che. jene devacandra sarakhA kavipatei "vidyArUpI samudranA manthanArtha prayojavAnA mandaragiri " kahyA che tenI pratyakSaparokSa preraNAthI gujarAtamAM sane 1106thI 1173nA Azare sAta dazakA daramyAna vividha prakAranAM kaviratno nIpajyAM ane jhaLakayAM, temanA nAmathI yuga oLakhAya enAthI vadhu svAbhAvika bIjuM zuM hoya A viSayamAM ? e samayagALA daramyAna 1130mAM siddharAje mALavA jItyuM hatuM. e yAdagAra vijayanA avasara sudhImAM to pATaNa mahAna vidyAdhAma banI cUkyuM hatuM. e Akho solaMkIyuga ja evo yazovala hato ke tyAre "gujarAtanA sarvAMgINa parAkramamAM tema anA vidyAkIya puruSArthamAM moTI bharatI AvI hatI". (DaoN. bho. je. sAMDesarA) * e hemayugamAM AcAryazrInA je zAradopAsaka ziSyo thayA temAM rAmacandrasUri emanA paTTadhara che. A kavi jayasiMha siddharAja sarakhA vidyApremI rAjavInA taraphathI " kavi-kaTAramalla '"nuM biruda pAmyA hatA. temaNe potAne (je soe so have to maLatA nathI tenA) " prabandha zatakartA " tathA zabda, nyAya ne kAvyanA "vidyavedI' kahyA che. e mAtra sAdIsIdhI hakIkatanuM kathana che. A surijIe bIjA hemaziSya guNacandragaNinI sAthe maLIne, dvAdaza-prakArI rUpakonuM Akalana jemAM karAvyuM che te nATyadarpaNa ane ema ja kaviye racela jIvAdrivyo viSenuM dravyAlaMkAra e temanI mukhya kRtio che. temanI AgavI racanAomAM agratama A be che: kaumudI-mitrANuMda tathA navilAsa. AmAMnuM paheluM nATaka dazAMkI che, bIjuM saptAMkI. pahelAmAM nAma-sUcita baMne pAtronI kautukarAgI kathA che ane khIjAmAM naLarAjAnuM caritra kathAnaka tarIke svIkArAyuM che. anya ziSyomAM sauthI adhika gaNunApAtra A traNa che: 'anekArtha karavAkara-kaumudI'kAra mahendrasari; 'kumAravihAra ' e prazastikAvyano racanAra vardhamAnagaNi ane 'candralekhAvijaya' nAme prakaraNa-racanAno karyAM devacandra. lekhanA A khaMDakanA ate jaina sAhityano saMkSipta itihAsa tathA bIjA mUlyavAna AkaragranthonA ArUDha saMzodhaka sva. mohanalAla 60 dezAInAM hemayuga viSenAM sAragarbha vAyo utArIzuM : TUMkamAM e jaina zAsana mATe, vAkramaca mATe, ati vaibhava pratApa ane vijayI dedIpyamAna hato. tenI asara samagra gujarAtanA para aneka rIte smaraNamAM rahe tevI thaI che. hemacaMdranA nAma pramANe teno yuga paNa hemamaya--suvarNamaca hato ane cirakAla sudhI teno prabhAva raheze. (pR0 326)
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________________ madhyakAlIna gujarAtanA mukhya jaina sAhityakAro : 207 * A lekhamAM have je sAhityakAro tathA emanI kRtiono paricaya apAze te IsavI dasamI tema ja pachInA saikAonA lekhako, bahudhA padyanA to koIka gadyatA, che. temaNe apabhraMzamAM UgatI ( jUnI '') gujarAtImAM ane tyAra pachInA keTalAka saikAthI arvAcIna gujarAtImAM sAhityasarjana ke zAstraracanA karI che. sAhityanA prakAro tamaNe kheDyA e kayA hatA ? Ano javAba Ama kahIne apAya ke dharmakathA ne phAgu, rAsA ne prabandha, keTalAka mukAkhale gauNa padyaprakAro; evI sevA temanI mUlyavAna sAhityanA rUpe che. apabhraMzamAM gaNanApAtra kRtio mukhyatve ATalI che : svayaMbhUdevakRta harivaMza tathA paumariya (padmacaritra, rAmakathA jaina dRSTie), jenuM granthapUra 13,000 zloka che te mahApurANa, puSpadantakRrta; bhavirasata-kahA, dhanapAlakRta; ane yogIndradevanI A be : 105 dohAno yogasAra tathA paramAtmaprakAza. pa Arya saMskRtinI jaina zAkhAe gujarAtI bhASAne karelA pradAnanA kaviomAM zAlibhadra tathA somasundarathI, ane lAvaNyasamaya AdithI mAMDI saMkhyAbaMdha samartha sAhityasAdhako che. emAMnA mukhyatamanI laMbANabhaye ochI-adhUrI paNa nirupayogI nahi evI pichAna have karAvIzuM. kavi zAlibhadrasUri vastupAla-tejapAlanA samayamAM thayA. temanuM 203 kaDInuM kAvya 'bharatezvarabAhubalirAsa' nAmanuM che. vIrarasapradhAna ojasvanta e kAvyamAM RSabhadevajInA putro bharata ane bAhubali vacce pitAnA rAjya mATe thayelA vigrahanuM varNana karAyuM che. e kAvya IsavI 1185mAM racAyuM hatuM. e saiko bAramo. teramA tathA caudamA IsavIsana daramyAna racAyalI nIce lakhI sAta padya ke gadyanI kRtio noMdhapAtra che. 1. mahendrasUrinuM nAyakanA guNasaMkIrtanAtmaka jaMbusAmi-caritra (1210). 2. vastupAlanA dharmAcArya vijayasenasUrikRta suvarNana-bhaya madhura kAvya revantagirirAso (Azare 1231). 3. vinayasundaranI sundara kemake alaMkArAtmaka, (Azare) 1269nA varSanI racanA nAme neminAthacatupakiA. A gujarAtImAM lagabhaga paheluM ja bAramAsI kAvya che. 4. a~khadevasUrino samararAso (1315). AmAM e samayanA mahAna saMdhapati samarasiMhanuM caritranirUpaNa rUDI rIte karyuM che. pa. taruNuprabhasUri (1355) sarvaprathama gUrjara gadyakAra che. temanA pratikramaNathyAlAvabodhamAMnI kathAonuM gadya lAlityamaya che, ojasvI che ane e ubhaya guNe karIne manogama che. 6. gautamasvAmIrAsa (1356) khaMbhAtamAM kavi vinayaprabhano racelo che. emAM ApaNe e kAvyanA nAyaka je gaNadhara gautama, temanA aneka sadguNonA varNana nimitte kavie karelAM prakRtinAM ramya varNano, gujarAtImAM pahelAM ja, vAMcIe chIe. 7. kulamaMDana (1394) paNa gadyakAra hatA. temano vyAkaraNagrantha mugdhAvabodhaauktika vikhyAta che. e bALakone bhASA zIkhavavAnA pustakamAM samajUtI Apato bhAga che. e tyAranA sAdA gujarAtImAM lakhAyo che.
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________________ 208 : zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava ratha somasundara (1374-1446), jayazekhara (vidyamAna Azare 1406mAM) ane bhANijyasundara (1422). A dareke padya vA gadyanuM vAhana vAparIne rasabhara sAhitya UgatI gujarAtInA udayamAM smaraNIya bhAga bharyo che. e pramANamAMnA pahelAnA racelA neminAthanavArasa-phAgamAMnuM vasantavarNana manohara che. e rasika paMDitano A phAga traNa khaMDamAM bhAvikajanonA manaraMjanArtha thayelI ciraMjIva racanA che. - jayazekharanI saMskRta padyakRti je prabaMdhacintAmaNi, tene jANe navasarjana samI rasa-raMgavatI pote e ja nAme gujarAtI zrotAone sugama karI che enuM apara nAma che tribhuvanadIpakaprabandha. dhanakanakasamRddha, pRthvIpI(prasiddha, atyanta ramaNIya, salokaspRhaNIya : lakSamIlIlAnivAsa, sarasavatItaNau AvAsa janitadurjanakSobha, sajajanotpAditazobha... A gaghanamUnA mANikyasundaranA paMcaullAsI pRthvIcandracaritramAMthI che. e pahelI savistara gadyAtmaka dharmakathA che. kartAe pote ja ene ApeluM bIjuM nAma vAgvilAsa che. e nAma, saheje samajAze ke, emAMnA lolavilola antaryamakavALA laye karIne sArtha bane che. RtukAvyonA jaina kavionI kRtio yAda karIne ja saMtoSa mAnavo paDaze. Azare 126mAM vidyamAna vinayacandranI sArka racanA neminAtha catuSadikAnI kharI khUbI e vAMcyuM ja samajAve tevI che. evI ja rasIlI racanA nAme siriyUlibhadraphAgu che. jinapadmasUrinI (1316-44) e racanA dharmalakSI to paNa saMsAracitra tarIke suvAcya che. vidyamAna Azare 1337-49 mAM, e rAjazekharanA kAvya nImanAtha phAgumAM vasantakhelananuM sUcana che. enAM varNano tyAre pracalita rUDha zailInAM to paNa kharA kavitvanI camakavALAM che. zatako 15mA-1bhAnA ApaNA viSayanA sauthI agrima kavio hatA suprasiddha vimala- prabaMdhakAra lAvaNyasamaya (janma 1465mAM), 'mAdhavakAkuMDalArAsa' e 156 0nA arasAmAM thayA te kuzalAbhanuM kautukarAgI zailInuM kAvyaratna che. 156thI 1620 daramyAna vidyamAna hovA saMbhava che te nayasuMdare sukumAra bhAvo ne zabdalAlityavALI A be (chamAMnI mukhya) racanAo vaDe sAhityasamRddhimAM vRddhi karI che: rUpacaMdakuMvararAsa tathA naladamayantIrAsa. evI ja vRddhi ApaNA sAhityamAM abhutarasika ne bahubhASI kahevAya tevo prakhyAta zIlavatIrAsa (1994) racIne sukavi nemivijaye karI che. A lekha dhAryA karatAM lAMbo thayo, tethI ativistArabhaye, IsavI sattaramA zatakanI AkharanA uparyukta kavi nemivijayathI ja viramavuM paDe che. A UNapa mATe AzA che ke vAcako lekhakane kSamApanAno adhikArI gaNaze. saMdarbhasUciH jaina sAhityano saMkSipta ItihAsa (mo. 60 dezAI); gujarAta eNnDa ITasa liTarecara (ka. mA. munazI); solaMkIyuganI zrI ane saMskRti (bho. je. sAMDesarA); gujarAtI sAhityanI rUparekhA (vika vaidya)