Lexicographical Notes on Taranglola

Author(s): Thomas Oberlies
Publisher: ZZ_Anusandhan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/269134/1

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Lexicographical Notes on the Tarangalola Thomas Oberlies Right at the start of the Tarangalola, its author Nemicandra states he had decided to re-write an older work bearing the name of Tarangavai because "it was composed by Palittaya using a lot of Desi words. It had an entertaining [but] also very detailed story. [So] nobody heard' of it? nor did anybody ask for it nor did anybody narrate it. It was fit only for the educated ones. What should other people do with it? Having ... divested the stanzas composed by Palittaya of the Desi words, this abridgement was made for the pleasure of other people so that [the Tarangavai] may not pass into oblivion ....". Palittaena raiya vittharao taha ya desi-vayannehim namena Tarangavai kaha vicitta ya viula ya (5) katthai kulayai manoramai annattha guvila-juyalaim annattha [ca]kkalaim duppariallai iyaranam (6) na ya sa koi sunei no puna pucchei neva ya kahei, viusana navara jogga, iyara-jano tie kim kunau (7) ta ucceunam gahao Palittaena raiyao desi-payaim mottum samkhittayari kaya esa (8) iyarana hiyatthae ma hohi savvaha vi vuccheo evam vicintiunam khameunam tayam surim (9) Judged by the amount of Desi words Nemicandra still uses in his Tarangalola despite this announcement, we can imagine how rich the original work must have been with such words. No wonder Padalipta is credited with the composition of a Desikosa. Over the next couple of pages quite a number of these, as well as words previously unattested in the literature, are listed, which suffice to give an impression, however faint, of how much our Prakrit dictionary would be enriched by a

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156 anusandhAna 50 (2) systematic evaluation of the Tarangalola.* What could not be done here was compare the words with the corresponding ones in the Tarangavai section of Bhadresvara's Kahavali and of Ajitasagara's Tarangavati Katha. This task falls now to the new edition of this unique text. Back in 1999, when I paid a visit to Professor H. C. Bhayani in Ahmedabad, we decided to bring out a new edition with explanatory notes and a detailed glossary; this would replace his edition of the Tarangalola, with which he himself was rather unhappy - to put it mildly. Prior to 1999, I had prepared a digital version which was based on one by Ernst Leumann. The next step would have been to compare this edition with the manuscripts Professor Bhayani had at his disposal. The death of the great scholar only one year later brought this common enterprise to an end. It was only this year that I began working on the edition again. This was made possible by the kindness of the director of the L.D. Institute, Professor Jitendra Shah, from whom I obtained copies of the manuscript - actually a hand-written copy of a manuscript - that is kept there. Despite this help, the task is still a very difficult one. And it can only be completed in a trully satisfactory manner if another manuscript (preferably more than only one) can be used. So I would be more than grateful if I could be informed as to whether any such manuscripts are extant in Jain Bhandars. uppehada- (cf. Des I 116 uppehada-ulhasia ... ubbhadae, Paiyalacchi 55 uppahelam udlamaram ubbhadam alambarillam ca, see also Hc II 174) "excellent, superior", 33 (lavann'uppehadena vayanenam) -- Samaraicca Kaha 449,18 (niurumbathi-uppehada sihar 'uccindham ca Rayanagirim) karamari- (cf. Des II 15 karamari bandi, Paialacchi 106 bandio karamario) "female slave", 962, 1017, 1044, 1056 -- Mahapurama 72,21.10, 85,1.16; cf. Pali karamara- "a captive, a prisoner" (see M. Cone, A Dictionary of Pali. Oxford 2001, s.v.)

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mArca 2010 157 kino kalamka- (cf. Des II 8 malia-vamsesu kamhia-kalamka) "arrow", 1595 (read to tam vayanakalamkam janassa souna tattha satthaho [LEUMANN's text has kalam(bam)]) (< kim nu? [cf. Des II 31 (ct.) kino kisa prasne, Paialacchi 246 kisa kino, Hc II 216 kino prasne]) "why?", 79,698 (read with LEUMANN ... tappara kanno tahim baluo // bhanai kino tam bhodi ...) koyanda- (cf. Paialacchi 37 koyandam ganoivam)"bow", 337, 338 -- kodanda-, MPC 205 kolamba- (cf. Des II 47 kolambakollara pithare) "(pan'), plain, platform", 943 (... pallim / giri-kolamba-nivittham) -- Naya I 18,18 corapalli ... visamagirikadagakolamba-samnivittha, Vivagasuya I 3,6 corapalli ... visamagirikandara-kolamba-samnivittha, Vasudevahindi Majjhimakhanda 43,15 (girikolambe), 124,10 (id.); Tarayana 25 (gajjiyaravana-payahara-kolamba) In stanza 89 this word seems to mean something like "pride", as LEUMANN suggested in his papers (pura-vara-jana-kolambi tattha puri devaloyavelambi / savva-jana-man'alambi Kosambi nama namena "Kosambi the pride of the best people of [all] towns ...")10 khanda- "playground", 251 (sattivanna-rukkham ... jam khandam chappaya-gananam (BHAYANI has put a question mark after the word]) khandaya- (khadga[ka]-) "sword", 1484 (avakiriya ... nara ruhira-sondavam khandavam ca tass' eva pasammi [LEUMANN's text]) -- Bhavisatta Kaha 222,5 (sunoiraham khandai vasai Lacchi), Paramatma Prakasa Yogasara I 121 (ekkahid kema samanti vadha be khanda paiyari)

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158 37TH-EIN 40 (?) khannuya- (cf. Des II khannuo kile, Hc II 99 khannu khana) "wegde", 331 (paehi sama-khannuya-samavadiya bagga-visama-nakkhehim) khuntai ( kuntati) "to mutilate, to pluck off", 23911 cakkaya- (< cakravaka- [cf. Hc I 8 kvacit sandhir eva - ... cakkao]) "a kind of bird (most probably the ruddy shelduck)", 298, 388, 564 -- PC 94,51, 94,92 cangoda "casket, box", 143, 145 -- Brhatkalpabhasya 5116; cf. Pali cangota(ka)-, Ja I 65,9, IV 257,8 caemi (cf. Hc IV 86 saknoter ete catvara adesah va bhavanti - cayai) "to be able", 875 cikkana- (< cikkana- [cf. Mbh 14,49.49] "sticky fluid", 1291 (ramiyavva-cikkane lagga) -- Dasaveyaliya VI 65. Bshatkalpabhasya 1825, 6114, 6423 chaiya- (< *chadita- [sthagita- x channa-]; cf. Hc II 17 kvacit sthagitasabde 'pi - chaiyam)"covered", 370, 1559 (BHAYANI's ed. has thaiya) tappara- (cf. Des IV 2 karalakannammi tapparao) "large (of ears)", 698 (read with LEUMANN ... tappara-kanno tahim baduo) -- Karpuramanjari I 20,40 (tapparakannam) dantaya- (< dantaka- "something like a tooth" [cf. CDIAL 6153: dantaka"projection on a rock"] "bee-hieve", 252 (bhumiyala-punnacandam bhamaranam dantayam peccham) dara- (Des V 33 daram addhe, Hc II 215 dara ity avyayam ardharthe isadarthe ca) "half, a little bit", 305 (daravattula-suhaya-pakkala-sariro [LEUMANN reads degmuhaya-cakkala-sariro]) -- Brhatkalpabhasya 5313 = Ohanijjutti 254 (= ardha', ct.s.), Bhavisatta Kaha 7,8, 66,3, 92,3

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mArca 2010 dariya dihara (<*dighara- Page #6
160 37TH-EIN 40 (?) nisamanna- (< ninsamanya- [cf. Hc II 212] "extraordinary", 1500 (read with LEUMANN taiya nisamannam so punnam anuttaram kasi) -- Kuvalayamala I 31,25 nisudhai (cf. Hc IV 158 bharakrante kartari namater nisudha ity adeso bhavati, Paialacchi 194 paiyam nisuddham ca) "to press down [by a load]", 1312 (kamma viheagam nisudhiuna) nedali (Page #7
mArca 2010 161 palali "small hut", 1040 (so coro niggao palalio), 1454 (bandhana-guna-sahinam tarunam kauna ham palalie) -- AvC345.4 = AvH 262b.3 (vanata, puriso si tumam, niratthayam vahasi bahu-dandaim I jo payavassa sihare na karesi kuqim palalin va)20 (cf. Des VI 14 pattalao ... pattasamiddham, Paialacchi 140 pattasamiddham pattalam) "full of leaves", 1177, 1494 pattala padda- (cf. Des VI 1 gamatshane paddam) "village", 1484 (padda-kamala-malinam phalayam)21 parivvaya- (< parivyaya-) "provisions for the journey", 849 (pantha-parivvaya-heum), 1162 (pantha-parivvaya mettam) -- cf. Pali paribbaya-, Ja VI 344,26 pahenaya "message", 740 (tam ca si me sampatta piya-vayana pahenayam gaheuna) paliya- "lobe of the ear", 34 (read with LEUMANN: ... pina-paliya / kanna ...) piucchiya- (< pitrsvasika-) "father's sister", 887 pilla- (cf. Des VI 46 pilham lahupakkhiruammi) "young of a bird", 1385 (cf. Des VI 79 vaggha-sihaya pulli) "lion", 1063 (vana-mahisa-vaggha-diviya-taraccha-pullina taha biralanam) phariya- (< spharita-) "opened", 149 (cf. vipphariya-, 30) bappha- (< baspa-) "a hot vegetable, onion", 184 (bahu bappha-dukkhiyam piva sa-bappham "[rice] with onions, suffering, as it were, and [hence) with a lot of tears") bhana- (< bhajana- [cf. Hc I 267]) 489 (read with LEUMANN ... sineha-bhanam me [-uulu--|--|--1" U-1] --|--1-) pulli

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162 anusandhAna 50 (2) mallahadi- (something like a) "drum", 945 (mallahadi-padahadeg) mundha(n)-(< murdhan- [cf. Hc I 26 mundha... murdhan, II 41 mundha muddha]) "head", 330 (arannaya-pupphamundha-kaya-malo) ribhiya royana lenda vallaa (<< ribhita-) "singing", 242 (bhamara ribhiyamanohara-mahura-suha-sarasara Anangassa), 148822 (Page #9
mArca 2010 163 II 22, Bhavisatta Kaha 86,10, 87,8 velamba- (< vidamba- [cf. Des VII 75 vidambanae a velambo]) "mockery, derision", 89 (puri devaloyavelambi "the town which [by its beauty] abases [even] the heavenly worlds") vehavva- (cf. vaidhavya- [cf. Hc I 148]) "widowhood", 355, 650 vodrahi- (cf. Des VII 80 voraccha-vodraha tarune, Hc II 80 vodrahayas tu tarunapurusadivacakah) "young woman", 1095 sanni (< sandha- [cf. Hc I 30]) "barren", 239 (read with LEUMANN vaenam padiyao pinoio tassa dharanisanoio24 "its buds, fallen down due to the wind, lay barren on the earth (i.e. unable to bear fruits)" samdaniya-(< samdanita-) "bound", 942, 949 samalahana- (< samalambhana- [see R 4,25.25]) "unguent", 1161 -- samalabhana-, Surasundaricariya XVI 14 samiddhi- (< samtddhi- [Hc I 44 samiddhi samiddhi]), "wealth", 917 siddha- (verbal adj. of sah) "spoken", 629, 725, 1264, 1452 sudhiya- (cf. Des VIII 36 suahio sante) "tired, exhausted", 1619 - Surasundaricariya X 218 suriya- (cf. Hc IV 106 bhanjer ete nava adesa va bhavanti - ... surai ...) "broken", 596 (read with LEUMANN dukkhena suriya-mano) -- Kumarapalacarita VI 69 somana- (< *sovana- < sopana-) "staircase, stairs", 465, 1514 sondaya- ( saundaka-) "bent on, mad after", 1484 solla- (< sulya- [cf. Des VIII 44 mamsammi solla-somala, Paialacchi 113 sullam mansam]) "roasted meat", 1454 (read with LEUMANN sollena suram nighottanto)

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164 31LHITE 40 (2) 4 5 hayasa- (cf. Hc I 209 hatasah hayaso, II 195, IV 383) "cruel, hunter", 337, 368 -- PC 61,74 Footnotes This is a most striking example of the genesis of e-verbs. Occurring in the same line as kahei (< kathayati), sunai and pucchai are attracted by it and transferred to the e-conjugation. Note that sa is employed as accusative, at it is in Apabhramba. In Jaina-Maharastri such forms are only seldom encountered (e.g. ja, PC 12,16). This information is provided by Hemacandra in his commentary on Des I 2. I had the privilege of being allowed to consult the unpublished papers of Ernst Leumann, kept in the Institute of Indology of the University of Hamburg. Sincere thanks to Professor Albrecht Wezler and Professor Harunaga Isaacson. I suppose that this copy was made from the manuscript housed in the Delano Bhandar, Ahmedabad. I sincerely hope that a la longue I shall gain access to the original manuscript. According to the Jaina Granthavali (p. 267), there is a manuscript in the Bhavnagar Bhandar. nu seems to has been attracted to indeclinables in -o like aho. BHAYANI (in his "Index of important words", p. 309) gives "valley" as the word's meaning. LEUMANN pointed to kolambi "Siva's lute" (which, however, is attested only in Galanos' dictionary and detected in it a "very daring metaphor", viz. for "pride". 10 Note the rhyme... kolambi... velambi...alambi Kosambi ... 11 The asterisk of CDIAL 3892 (2) is therefore to be cancelled. 12 Such crossing of roots is encountered e.g. in aliddha-, which is not Page #11
164 31HET 40 (2) mArca 2010 165 3 hayasa (cf. Hc I 209 hatasah hayaso, II 195, IV 383) "cruel, hunter", 337, 368 -- PC 61,74 Footnotes 1 This is a most striking example of the genesis of e-verbs. Occurring in the same line as kahei (< kathayati), sunai and pucchai are attracted by it and transferred to the e-conjugation. Note that sa is employed as accusative, at it is in Apabhramsa. In Jaina-Maharastri such forms are only seldom encountered (e.g. ja, PC 12,16). This information is provided by Hemacandra in his commentary on Des I 2. I had the privilege of being allowed to consult the unpublished papers of Ernst Leumann, kept in the Institute of Indology of the University of Hamburg. Sincere thanks to Professor Albrecht Wezler and Professor Harunaga Isaacson. 5 I suppose that this copy was made from the manuscript housed in the Delano Bhandar, Ahmedabad. I sincerely hope that a la longue I shall gain access to the original manuscript. According to the Jaina Granthavali (p. 267), there is a manuscript in the Bhavnagar Bhandar. 7 nu seems to has been attracted to indeclinables in -o like aho. 8 BHAYANI (in his "Index of important words", p. 309) gives "valley" as the word's meaning. LEUMANN pointed to kolambi "Siva's lute" (which, however, is attested only in Galanos' dictionary) and detected in it a "very daring metaphor", viz. for "pride". 10 Note the rhyme...kolambi... velambi...alambi Kosambi ... 11 The asterisk of CDIAL 3892 (2) is therefore to be cancelled. 12 Such crossing of roots is encountered e.g. in aliddha-, which is not