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________________ 124 anusandhAna- 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 kalikAla - sarvajJa zrIhemacandrasUri (saMkalita ) ma. vinayasAgara I bhArata aura jaina zAsana ke jyotirdhara AcAryoM meM aura kalikAla meM bhI sarvajJa ke tulya zrI hemacandrasUri ke nAma se kauna anabhijJa hai ? ye AptakoTi ke maulika sAhityakAroMmeM hue haiM / vividha bhASAoM ke jAnakAra, sampUrNa sAhitya ke marmajJa, vividha viSayoM ke racanAkAra, 12vIM zatAbdI udbhaTa vidvAna aura gujarAta ke saMskRti - saMskAra - bhASA kI asmitA / gaurava ko sthAyitvaamaratA pradAna karanevAle the / unake vyaktitva aura kRtitva para likhane ke pUrva unake sambandha meM vidvAnoM ne jo abhimata prakaTa kie haiM, vaha prastuta kara rahA hU~ : sumastrisandhyaM prabhuhemasUrerananyatulyAmupadezazaktiM / atIndriyajJAnavivarjito'pi yaH kSoNibharturvyadhita prabodham / sattvAnukampA na mahIbhujAM syAdityeSa klRpto vitathaH pravAdaH / jinendradharmaM pratipadya yena zlAghyaH sa keSAM na kumArapAla: ? somaprabhAcArya-kumArapAlapratibodha itthaM zrIjinazAsanAbhrataraNeH zrIhemacandraprabhorajJAnAndhatama:pravAhaharaNaM mAtrAdRzAM mAdRzAm // vidyApaGkajinIvikAsaviditaM rAjJo'tivRddhyai sphuravRttaM vizvavibodhanAya bhavatAd duHkarmabhedAya ca // prabhAvakacarita - hemasUriprabandha - 44 'Aja gujarAta kI prajA durvyasanoM se bacI huI hai, usameM saMskAritA, samanvaya dharma, vidyAruci, sahiSNutA, udAramatadarzitA Adi guNa dRSTigata hote haiM, sAtha hI bhAratavarSa ke itara pradezoM kI apekSA gujarAta kI prajA meM dhArmika jhanUna Adi doSa atyalpa pramANa meM dRSTigata hote haiM tathA samasta gujarAta kI prajA ko vANI/bolI prApta huI hai, vaha saba bhagavAna zrI hemacandra aura unake
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________________ Disembara 2010 jIvana meM tanmayIbhUta sarvadarzana - samadarzitA ko hI AbhArI hai / " 125 44 ' AcArya hemacandra ke kAraNa hI gujarAta zvetAmbariyoM kA gar3ha banA tathA vahA~ 12-13vIM zatAbdI meM jaina sAhitya kI vipula samRddhi huI / vi.saM.. 1216 meM kumArapAla pUrNatayA jaina banA / " vinTaranitja - hisTrI oNpha iNDiyana liTarecara bhAga 2 pR. 482-83, 511 - muni puNyavijaya : zrIhemacandrAcArya, prastAvanA, pR. 12 zrI kanhaiyAlAla mA. muMzI ne inakI pratibhA ko sammAna dete hue ucita hI kahA hai - "isa bAla sAdhu ne siddharAja jayasiMha ke jvalanta yuga ke AndolanoM ko jhelA / kumArapAla ke mitra aura preraka pada prApta kiyA / gujarAta ke sAhitya kA navayuga sthApita kiyA / inhoMne jo sAhityika praNAlikAe~ sthApita kIM, jo aitihAsika dRSTi vyavasthita / vikasita kI, ekatA kI buddhi nirmita kara jo gujarAtI asmitA kI nIMva DAlI, usa para Aja agAdha AzA ke adhikArI aisA eka aura aviyojya gujarAta kA mandira banA hai / " (zrI ke.ema. munzI prasiddha itihAsakAra, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana ke saMsthApaka, bhArata sarakAra ke udyogamantrI) dhUmaketu : zrIhemacandrAcArya, pR. 158 kA anuvAda / - " saMskRta sAhitya aura vikramAditya ke itihAsa meM jo sthAna kAlidAsa kA aura zrI harSa ke darabAra meM bANabhaTTa kA hai, prAyaH vahI sthAna IsA kI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM caulukya vaMzodbhava suprasiddha gurjara narendra ziromaNi siddharAja jayasiMha ke darabAra meM hemacandra kA hai / " paM. zivadatta : nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA kA bhAga 6, saM. 4 "kintu, jaise zivAjI rAmadAsa ke binA, vikrama kavi kulaguru kAlidAsa ke binA aura bhoja dhanapAla ke binA zUnya lagate haiM vaise hI siddharAja aura kumArapAla sAdhu hemacandrAcArya ke binA zUnya lagate haiM / jisa samaya meM mAlavA ke paNDito ne bhIma ke darabAra kI sarasvatIparIkSA kI, usI samaya se hI yaha anivArya thA ki gujarAta kI parAkrama lakSmI, saMskAra lakSmI
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________________ 126 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 ke binA jaMgalI logoM kI bahAdurI jaise arthahIna lagatI hai / ise svayaM kA saMskAra-dhana saMbhAlane kA rahA / " "siddharAja jayasiMha ko hemacandrAcArya nahIM mile hote to jayasiMha kI parAkrama gAthA Aja vAlmIki ke binA hI rAmakathA jaisI hotI aura gujarAtiyoM ko svayaM kI mahattA dekhakara prasanna hone kA tathA mahAna hone kA Aja jo svapna AtA hai, vaha svapna kadAcit nahIM AtA / hemacandrAcArya ke binA gujarAtI bhASA ke janma kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI, inake binA varSoM taka gujarAta ko jAgrata rakhanevAlI saMskAritA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI aura inake binA gujarAtI prajA ke Aja ke viziSTa lakSaNoM - samanvaya, viveka, ahiMsA, prema, zuddha sadAcAra aura prAmANika vyavahAra praNAlikA kI kalpanA nahIM kI jA sakatI / hemacandrAcArya mAnava ke rUpa meM mahAna the, sAdhu ke rUpa meM adhika mahAna the, kintu saMskAradraSTA kI rIti se ye sabase adhika mahAna the / inhoMne jo saMskAra jIvana meM pravAhita kie, inhoMne jo bhASA pradAna kI, logoM ko jisa prakAra bolanA/bolane kI kalA pradAna kI, inhoMne jo sAhitya diyA, vaha saba Aja bhI gujarAta kI nasoM meM pravAhita hai, isIliye ye mahAna gujarAtI ke rUpa meM itihAsa meM prasiddhi pAne yogya puruSa haiM / " "x x x jisako gujarAta kI saMskAritA meM rasa ho, use isa mahAna gujarAtI se preraNA prApta karanI cAhiye / " - dhUmaketu : zrI hemacandrAcArya, pR. 7-8 (gujarAtI se hindI) ___ "gujarAta ke itihAsa kA svarNayuga, siddharAja jayasiMha aura rAjarSi kumArapAla kA rAjyakAla hai / isa yuga meM gujarAta kI rAjanaitika dRSTi se unnati huI, kintu isase bhI bar3hakara unnati saMskAra-nirmANa kI dRSTi se huii| isameM jaina amAtya, mahAmAtya aura daNDanAyakoM ko jo dena hai, usake mUla meM mahAna jainAcArya virAjamAna haiM / x x x vi.saM. 802 meM aNahilapura pATaNa kI sthApanA se lekara isa nagara meM uttarottara jainAcAryoM aura mahAmAtyoM kA sambandha bar3hatA hI gayA thA aura usI ke phalasvarUpa rAjA kumArapAla ke samaya meM jainAcAryoM ke prabhAva kI parAkASThA kA digdarzana AcArya hemacandra meM huA / x x x ve apanI sAhityika sAdhanA ke AdhAra para kalikAla
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________________ Disembara 2010 sarvajJa ke rUpa meM tathA kumArapAla ke samaya meM jaina zAsana ke mahAprabhAvaka puruSa ke rUpa meM itihAsa meM prakAzamAna hue / " dalasukha mAlavaNiyA : gaNadharavAda kI prastAvanA, pR. 47-48 hemacandra ke "kAvyAnuzAsana' ne unhe uccakoTi ke kAvyazAstrakAroM kI zreNI meM pratiSThita kiyA hai / unhoMne yadi pUrvAcAryoM se bahuta kucha liyA, to paravartI vicArakoM ko cintana ke lievipula sAmagrI bhI pradAna kI / I prabhudayAla agnihotrI : saMcAlaka - madhyapradeza hindI grantha akAdamI : prastAvanA - AcArya hemacandra 127 kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandra, jinheM pazcimI vidvAna AdarapUrvaka jJAna kA sAgara Ocean of Knowledge kahate haiM, saMskRta jagat meM viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiM / saMskRta, prAkRta evaM apabhraMza sAhitya ke mUrdhanya praNetA AcArya hemacandra kA vyaktitva jitanA gauravapUrNa hai utanA hI preraka bhI hai / kalikAlasarvajJa upAdhi se unake vizAla evaM vyApaka vyaktitva ke viSaya meM anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai / na kevala adhyAtma evaM dharma ke kSetra meM apitu sAhitya evaM bhASA - vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI unakI pratibhA kA prakAza samAna rUpa se vistIrNa huA / inameM eka sAtha hI vaiyAkaraNa, AlaGkArika, dharmopadezaka aura mahAn yugakavi kA anyatama samanvaya huA hai / AcArya hemacandra kA vyaktitva sArvakAlika, sArvadezika evaM vizvajanIna rahA hai, kintu durbhAgyavaza abhI taka unake vyaktitva ko sampradAya - vizeSa taka hI sImita rakhA gayA / sampradAyarUpI meghoM se Acchanna hone ke kAraNa ina AcArya sUrya kA Aloka sampradAyetara janasAdhAraNa taka pahu~ca na sakA / svayaM jaina sampradAya meM bhI sAdhAraNa bauddhika stara ke loga AcArya hemacandra ke viSaya meM anabhijJa haiM / kintu AcArya hemacandra kA kArya to sampradAyAtIta aura sarvajanahitAya rahA hai aura, isa dRSTi se ve anya sAmAnya jana, AcAryoM evaM kaviyoM se kahIM bahuta adhika sammAna evaM zraddhA ke adhikArI haiM / saMskRta sAhitya aura vikramAditya ke itihAsa meM jo sthAna kAlidAsa kA aura zrI harSa ke darabAra meM jo sthAna bANabhaTTa kA hai, prAyaH vahI sthAna 12vIM zatAbdI meM caulukya vaMzodbhava suprasiddha gurjara narendra ziromaNi siddharAja
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________________ 128 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 jayasiMha ke itihAsa meM zrI hemacandrAcArya kA hai| pro. pArIkha inheM Intellectual Giant kahA hai / ve sacamuca lakSaNa sAhitya tathA tarka arthAt vyAkaraNa, sAhitya tathA darzana ke sAdhAraNa AcArya the / ve suvarNAbha kAnti ke tejasvI evaM AkarSaka vyaktitva ko dhAraNa karane vAle mahApuruSa the / ve taponiSTha the, zAstravettA the tathA kavi the / vyasanoM ko chur3Ane meM ve prabhAvakArI sudhAraka bhI the| unhoMne jayasiMha aura kumArapAla kI sahAyatA se madyaniSedha saphala kiyA thA / unakI stutiyA~ unheM santa siddha karatI haiM, tathA Atma-nivedana unheM yogI siddha karatA hai| sarvajJa ke ananya upAsaka the / ___ AcArya hemacandra ke divya jIvana meM pada-pada para hama unakI vividhatA, sarvadezIyatA, pUrNatA, bhaviSyavANiyoM meM satyatA aura kalikAlasarvajJatA dekha sakate haiM / unhoMne apanI jJAna-jyotsnA se andhakAra kA nAza kiyaa| ve maharSi, mahAtmA, pUrNa saMyamI, utkRSTa, jitendriya evaM akhaNDa brahmacArI the / ve nirbhaya, rAjanItijJa, gurubhakta, bhaktavatsala tathA vAdimAnamardaka the / ve sarvadharmasamabhAvI, satya ke upAsaka, jaina dharma ke pracAraka tathA deza ke uddhAraka the / ve sarala the, udAra the, niHspRha the / saba kucha hote hue bhI, pro. pITarsana ke zabdoM meM, duniyA ke kisI bhI padArtha para unakA tilamAtra moha nahIM thA / unake pratyeka grantha meM vidvattA kI jhalaka, jJAnajyoti kA prakAza, rAjakArya meM aucitya, ahiMsA pracAra meM dIrghadRSTi, yoga meM AkarSaNa, stutiyoM meM gAmbhIrya, chandoM meM bala, alaGkAroM meM camatkAra, bhaviSyavANI meM yathArthatA evaM unake sampUrNa jIvana meM kalikAlasarvajJatA jhalakatI hai / hemacandrAcArya prakRti se santa the / siddharAja jayasiMha evaM kumArapAla kI rAjyasabhA meM rahate hue bhI unhoMne rAjyakavi kA sammAna grahaNa nahIM kiyaa| ve rAjyasabhA meM bhI rahe to AcArya ke rUpa meM hI / gujarAta kA jIvana unnata karane ke liye unhoMne ahiMsA aura tattvajJAna kA rahasya janasAdhAraNa ko samajhAyA, unase AcaraNa karAyA aura isIliye anya sthAnoM kI apekSA gujarAta meM Aja bhI ahiMsA kI jar3eM adhika majabUta haiM / gujarAta meM ahiMsA kI prabalatA kA zreya AcArya hemacandra ko hI hai / gujarAta ne hI AcArya
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________________ Disembara 2010 129 hemacandra ko janma diyA / yaha daivI ghaTanAoM kA camatkAra pratIta hotA hai, kintu vAstava meM AcArya hamecandra ne apane divya AcaraNa se, prabhAvakArI pracAra evaM upadeza se mahAtmA gAMdhI ke janma kI pRSThabhUmi hI mAnoM taiyAra kI thI / bhArata ke itihAsa meM yadi sarvathA madyavirodha tathA madyaniSedha huA hai to vaha siddharAja evaM kumArapAla ke samaya meM hI / isakA zreya niHsandeha pUrNatayA AcArya hemacandra ko hI hai / usa samaya gujarAta kI zAnti, tuSTi, puSTi evaM samRddhi ke liye AcArya hemacandra hI prabhAvazAlI kAraNa the / inake kAraNa hI kumArapAla ne apane AdhIna aThAraha bar3e dezoM meM caudaha varSa taka jIvahatyA kA nivAraNa kiyA thA / karNATaka, gurjara, lATa, saurASTra, kaccha, sindhu, ucca bhaMmerI, marudeza, mAlava, koMkaNa, kIra, jAMgalaka, sapAdalakSa, mevAr3a, dillI aura jAlandhara dezoM meM kumArapAla ne prANiyoM ko abhayadAna diyA aura sAtoM vyasanoM kA niSedha kiyA / AcArya hemacandra ne apane pANDitya kI prakhara kiraNoM se sAhitya, saMskRti aura itihAsa ke vibhinna kSetroM ko Alokita kiyA hai / ve kevala purAtana paddhati ke anuyAyI nahIM the / jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM hemacandra yuga ke nAma se pRthak samaya aGkita kiyA gayA hai tathA usa yuga kA vizeSa mahattva hai / ve gujarAtI sAhitya aura saMskRti ke Adya-prayojaka the / isaliye gujarAta ke sAhityika vidvAn unheM gujarAta kA jyotirdhara kahate haiM / unakA sampUrNa jIvana tatkAlIna gujarAta ke itihAsa ke sAtha guMthA huA hai / unhoMne apane ojasvI aura sarvAGgaparipUrNa vyaktitva se gujarAta ko saMvArA hai, sajAyA hai aura yuga-yuga taka jIvita rahane kI zakti bharI hai / 'hema sArasvata satra' unhoMne sarvajanahitAya prakaTa kiyA / kanhaiyAlAla mANakalAla munzI ne unheM gujarAta kA cetanadAtA (Creator of Gujarat Consciousness) kahA hai / DaoN. vi.bhA.musalagAMvakara : AcArya hemacandra, pR. 169-173 kRtikAra hemacandra 1. AcArya hemacandra : pR. 172-173
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________________ anusandhAna - 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 inake jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM svaracita granthoM evaM paravartI AcAryoM/ lekhakoM dvArA likhita nimnAGkita granthoM meM pracura evaM prAmANika sAmagrI upalabdha haiM : 130 1. zatArthakAvya 2. kumArapAla pratibodha 3. moharAja parAjaya 4. purAtana prabandha saGgraha 5. prabhAvaka carita 6. prabandha cintAmaNi 7. prabandhakoza 8. kumArapAla prabandha 9. kumArapAla prabodha prabandha 10. kumArapAla caritam 11. vividhatIrthakalpa 12. rAsamAlA 13. lAIpha oNpha hemacandra zrIsomaprabhasUra somaprabhasUra mantrI yazapAla ajJAta prabhAcandrasUri merutuGgasUri rAjazekharasUri 14. hema samIkSA 15. zrI hemacandrAcArya 16. AcArya hemacandra upAdhyAya jinamaNDana jayasiMhasUra jayasiMhasUra janaprabhasU alekjaNDara kinlaoNka phArbsa 1241 1228-1332 (hemacandrAcArya jIvana caritra kastUramala bAMThiyA) madhusUdana modI dhUmaketu 1946 DaoN. vi.bhA.musalagAMvakara 1971 svakRta grantha 1. dvayAzraya kAvya hemacandrasUri 2. siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana prazasti hemacandrasUri 3. pariziSTa parva hemacandrasUri 4. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita hemacandrasUri 1334 1361 1405 1392 1422 1422 1389 1878 1172
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________________ Disembara 2010 131 Adhunika kAla meM uparyukta sAmagrI ke AdhAra para sabase pahale jarmana vidvAn DaoN0 bulhara ne IsvI san 1889 meM venA meM rahate hue hemacandrasUri kA jIvana caritra likhA hai | yaha pustaka jarmana bhASA meM prakAzita huI thI / isI kA aMgrejI anuvAda pro. DaoN0 maNilAla paTelane I.sana. 1936 meM kiyA thA jise siMghI jaina jJAnapITha vizva bhAratI zAntiniketana se prakAzita kiyA gayA thA / isI ke AdhAra para AcAryazrI kA jIvana vRttAnta likhA jA rahA hai| jIvanacaritra hemacandra kA janma ahamadAbAda se 60 mIla dUra dhaMdhukA meM vikrama saMvat 1145 kArtika pUrNimA ko huA thA / dhaMdhukA meM inake mAtA-pitA mor3ha vaMzIya vaizya rahate the / pitA kA nAma cAciga aura mAtA kA nAma pAhiNIdevI thA / pitA kA nAma, cAcca, cAca, cAciga tInoM milate hai / mor3ha vaMzIya vaizyoM kI kuladevI cAmuNDA aura kulayakSa gonasa thA / mAtA pAhiNI jaina thI aura pitA cAciga sanAtanadharmI the / nAmakaraNa ke samaya nAma rakhA gayA cAMgadeva / inake mAmA neminAga jaina dharmI the / AgAmI prasaGgoM meM udayanamantrI dvArA rUpaye diye jAne para unhoMne zivanirmAlya zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai ataH isake pitA zaiva the, aisA lagatA hai / pitA zaiva aura mAtA jaina isameM koI virodha nahIM hai | svayaM gujarAta ke mahArAjAdhirAja siddharAja jayasiMha kI mAtA jaina thI aura unake pitA zaiva dharmAvalambI the / I prabandha koSa ke anusAra cAMgadeva jaba garbha meM taba mAtA pAhiNI ne svapna meM Amra kA sundara vRkSa dekhA thA / isa para AcArya devacandra ne svapnalakSaNa phala kA kathana karate hue kahA thA ki 'vaha dIkSA lene yogya hogA / ' kumArapAla pratibodha ke anusAra usakI mAtA ne cintAmaNi ratna kA svapna dekhA thA / usakA phala kathanakarate hue AcArya devacandra ne kahA thA ki tumhAre eka cintAmaNi tulya putra hogA, parantu guru ko sauMpa dene ke kAraNa sUrirAja hogA, gRhastha nahIM / dIkSA : kumArapAla pratibodha ke anusAra cAMgadeva apanI mAtA pAhiNI ke sAtha pUrNatallagacchIya devacandrasUri ke upadeza sunane ke lie pauSadhazAlA jAte
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________________ anusandhAna- 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 the / upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara cAMgadeva ne AcArya se dIkSA grahaNa karane kI icchA prakaTa kI / usa samaya neminAga ne guru se cAMgadeva kA paricaya bhI karavAyA / cAMgadeva kI bAta sunakara AcArya ne usakI mAtA se dIkSA kI anumati cAhI / kintu, usane kahA ki isake pitA abhI bAhara gae haiM, unake Ane para anumati pradAna kI jAegI / neminAga ke samajhAne-bujhAne para usane apane putra ko AcAryazrI ko sauMpa diyA aura AcArya ne use khambhAta meM mantrI udayana ke pAsa rakhA / AcArya ne jaina saMghakI anumati se samaya para cAMgadeva ko dIkSA dI aura usakA nAma somacandra rakhA / somacandra kA zarIra suvarNa ke samAna tejasvI evaM candramA ke samAna sundara thA, isIlie ve hemacandra kahalAe / 132 prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra bAlyAvasthA kA eka prasaGga aura milatA hai - "cAMgadeva apane samavayaska bAlakoM se khelate hue upAzraya pahu~ce aura bAlya svabhAva se devacandrAcArya ke pATa para tatkAla jA baiThe / AcArya ne dekhA aura kahA ki yadi isane dIkSA grahaNa kara lI to yugapradhAna ke samAna hogA / AcArya ne usakI mAtA se usako mAMgA aura mAtA ne 'pitA bahAra gae haiM' kahakara TAla diyA / bhAI nAgadeva ke kahane se bahina pAhiNI ne AcArya ko supurda kara diyA aura vaha khambhAta meM udayana mantrI ke pAsa calA gayA / cAciga ghara AyA aura cAMgadeva ko na dekhakara pUchA ki cAMgadeva kahAM hai ? mAtA cupa rahI, phira use jJAta huA ki cAMgadeva khambhAta meM mantrI udayana ke pAsa hai / cAciga apane putrako lene ke lie khambhAta, udayana ke ghara pahu~cA aura snehavihvala hokara putra kI yAcanA kI / mantrI udayana ne tIna duzAleM aura tIna lAkha rUpaye pradAna kara usakI dIkSA kI anumati caahii| cAciga ne putraprema meM pAgala hokara yaha kahA ki yaha dravya zivanirmAlya hai, Apa mujhe merA putra dIjie / anta meM mantrI udayana ke hara taraha se bahuta samajhAne-bujhAne para dIkSA kI anumati pradAna kI / samaya para udayana mantrI ke sahayoga se caturvidha saMgha ke samakSa devacandrAcArya ne usako dIkSA dI aura dIkSA nAma rakhA somacandra / prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra inakA dIkSA saMskAra vikrama saMvat 1150 mAgha zuklA
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________________ Disembara 2010 133 I caturdazI zanivAra ko huA thA / jinamaNDanagaNi kRta kumArapAla prabandha ke anusAra inakA dIkSA saMvat 1154 likhA hai / jo ki kAla gaNanA ke anusAra yukta saMgata pratIta hotA hai / prabandha cintAmaNi, prabandha koSa, purAtana prabandha saGgraha Adi granthakAra bhI dIkSA samaya 8 varSa hI batAteM haiM / ataH 1154 hI upayukta pratIta hotA hai| pro. pArIkha (kAvyAnuzAsana prastAvanA, pRSTha 267- 68, mahAvIra vidyAlaya, bambaI) ne bulhara ke mata kA khaNDana karate hue dIkSA saMvat 1154 hI svIkAra kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki AcArya devacandra kI dRSTi cAMgadeva parava vikrama saMvat 1950 meM hI par3I hogI / prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra inakI dIkSA khambhAta meM na hokara karNAvatI / ( Aja kA ahamadAbAda) meM huI thI aura dIkSA mahotsava meM cAciga bhI sammilita thA / nAmakaraNa saMskaraNa ke samaya inakA nAma somacandra rakhA gayA / dIkSA grahaNa karane ke pazcAt somacandra vidyAdhyayana meM saMlagna hue / unhoMne prabhAvaka caritra ( hemacandrasUri prabandha, zloka 37 ) ke anusAra tarka, lakSaNa evaM sAhitya vidyA para thor3e se samaya meM hI adhikAra prApta kara liyA / tarka, lakSaNa aura sAhitya usa yuga kI mahAn vidyAe~ mAnI jAtI thI aura isa mahatrayI kA pANDitya rAja darabAra aura jana samAja meM agragaNya hone ke lie atyAvazyaka thA / somacandra kI zikSA kA prabandha stambhatIrtha meM udayana mantrI ke nivAsa sthAna para hI huA thaa| pro. pArIkha (kAvyAnuzAna kI aMgrejI prastAvanA) ke matAnusAra hemacandra ne guru devacandrasUri ke sAtha deza - dezAntara paribhramaNa karate hue zAstrIya evaM vyAvahArika jJAna kI abhivRddhi kI thI / DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ke matAnusAra ( AcArya hemacandra aura unakA zabdAnuzAsanaeka adhyayana, pRSTha 13, nemicandra zAstrI) hemacandra nAgora meM dhanada nAmaka seTha ke yahA~ tathA devacandrasUri aura malayagiri ke sAtha gaur3a deza ke khillara grAma gae the tathA svayaM kAzmIra gae the / saMvat 1166 meM nAgapura ke dhanada nAmaka vyApArI ne hI sUripada pradAna mahotsava kiyA thA / isa prakAra 21 varSa kI avasthA meM hemacandra AcArya bana gae the / guru kA nAma - DaoNo bulhara ke matAnusAra hemacandra ne apane kisI bhI grantha meM apane
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________________ 134 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 guru ke nAma kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai, jo ki yathArtha pratIta nahIM hotA hai| triSaSTizalAkApuruSa carita ke 10veM parva kI prazasti meM hemacandra ne apane guru kA spaSTa nAmollekha kiyA hai / prabhAvaka caritra evaM kumArapAla prabandha ke anusAra hemacandra ke guru devacandrasUri hI the| vinTaranitja mahodaya ne maladhArI abhayadevasUri ke ziSya hemacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai / (e hisTrI Apha iNDiyana liTarecara vinTaranitja, vAlyUma TU, pRSTha 482-483) / DaoN0 satIza candra (dI hisTrI Apha iNDiyana lAjika, pRSTha 105)ne AcArya hemacandra ko pradyumnasUri kA gurubandhu likhA hai / utpAdAdi siddhi prakaraNa TIkA meM candrasena ne hemacandra ke guru kA nAma devacandrasUri hI likhA hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hai ki hemacandra ke guru kA nAma devacandrasUri hI thA / devacandra hI inake dIkSA guru, zikSA guru evaM vidyA guru the| yaha sambhava hai ki unhoMne anya vidyAoM kA adhyayana anyatra bhI kiyA ho / prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra hemacandra ne apane guru se svarNasiddhi kA rahasya pUchA thA, guru ne nahIM batAyA thA / sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA __prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra brAhmIdevI jo ki vidyA kI adhISThAtrI devI hai kI ArAdhanA ke lie kAzmIra jAne kA vicAra kiyA thA / mArga meM tAmralipti (khambhAta) hote hue jaba raivantagiri para pahuce to hemacandra ko yaha sthAna pasanda AyA aura unhoMne prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra vahIM ArAdhanA karane kA mAnasa banAyA / hemacandra vahIM upAsanA karane lage aura mAtA sarasvatI unake sanmukha prakaTa hokara kahane lagI - he putra ! tumhArI samasta manokAmanAe, pUrNa hoMgI / samasta vAdIgaNoM ko parAjita karane kI kSamatA tumheM prApta hogI / yaha sarasvatI devI kA varadAna sunakara ve prasanna hue aura kAzmIra yAtrA para nahIM gae / isa prakAra zAradA kI kRpA se ve siddhasArasvata bana gae aura unameM 'zatasahasrapada' dhAraNa karane kI zakti prakaTa huI / siddharAja jayasiMha se sambandha ___ mahArAjA siddharAja jayasiMha itihAsa prasiddha aura samagra dRSTiyoM se rAjanIti kA dhurandhara mAnA jAtA thA / AcArya hemacandra kA sambandha siddharAja
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________________ Disembara 2010 135 jayasiMha se kaba huA ? prabhAvaka caritra aura prabandha cintAmaNi ke anusAra saMvat 1181 meM digambara kumudacandra ke sAtha vAdI devasUri kA jo zAstrArtha huA thA usa samaya hemacandra bhI devasUri ke sAtha the / prabandha cintAmaNi ke aMgrejI anuvAdaka pro. TonI ke anusAra sarvaprathama apanI bahumukhI vidvattA se hI rAjA ko prabhAvita kiyA hogA aura bAda meM dhArmika prabhAva AyA hogaa| prabhAvaka caritra (22/67) ke anusAra siddharAja jayasiMha aura AcArya hemacandra kA milana aNahilapura ke eka sakar3e mArga para huA thA / jahA~ se hAthI ko nikalane meM rukAvaTa par3I thI aura hemacandra ne 'siddha ko nizzaGka hokara apane gajarAja ko le jAne ke liye kahA aura zleSa se stuti kI / ' hemacandra kI prazAnta mudrA aura udbhaTa pANDitya se prabhAvita hokara abhivAdana ke pazcAt unhoMne kahA hogA ki 'prabho ! Apa rAjaprAsAda meM padhArakara darzana dene kI kRpA kareM / ' isake pazcAt hI hemacandra ne yathA samaya rAjyasabhA meM praveza kiyA aura apanI adbhuta vaiduSya aura cAritrabala se rAjA ko prasanna kiyaa| kumudacandra ke sAtha zAstrArtha kA samaya 1181 ke anusAra hemacandra kA samparka siddharAja jayasiMha se usI samaya huA thA / kintu, prabandha cintAmaNi, prabhAvaka caritra ke anusAra inakA samparka isa zAstrArtha se pUrva hI ho cukA thA / pro. pArIkha ke matAnusAra saMvat 1169 ke lagabhaga yaha samparka huA hogA / arabI bhUgolajJa arI idasI ne likhA hai ki jayasiMha buddha pratimA kI pUjA karatA thA / yaha ullekha DaoN0 bulhara ne bhI kiyA hai / hemacandra kI amRtamaya vANI meM upadeza na milane para jayasiMha ke citta meM eka kSaNa bhI saMtoSa nahIM hotA thA / AcArya hemacandra tathA siddharAja jayasiMha lagabhaga samavayaska the / siddharAja kA janma kevala tIna varSa pUrva hI huA thA / ataH ina donoM kA paraspara sambandha guru ziSya ke samAna kabhI nahIM rahA / phira bhI siddharAja sadaiva hemacandra ke prabhAva meM rahe / siddharAja jayasiMha aura AcArya hemacandra ke sambandhoM ko dekhakara somaprabhasUri kumArapAla prabandha meM likhate haiM 'budhajanoM ke cUr3AmaNi AcArya hemacandra bhuvanaprasiddha siddharAja ko sarva sthAnoM meM praSTavya hue / ' zaiva hone para
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________________ 136 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 bhI siddharAja jayasiMha jinendra dharma ke prati anurakta huA / hemacandra ke prabhAva meM Akara hI jayasiMha ne ramya rAjavihAra banavAyA / hemacandra racita saMskRta vyAzraya mahArAja ke anusAra siddhapura meM mahAvIra svAmI kA mandira bnvaayaa| siddhapura meM hI cAra jinapratimAoM se samRddha siddhavihAra bhI banavAyA / hema-gopAlaka kahA gayA hai ki AcArya hemacandra jisa samaya siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM pahuMce, usI samaya IrSyAvaza kisI masakhare vidvAn ne vyaGgya kasate hue kahA - "Agato hemagopAlo daNDakambaladhArakaH" arthAt daNDakambala dhAraka hemagovAliyA A gayA hai (jaina sAdhu bAMe kandhe para kambala aura dAMe hAtha meM daNDa dhAraNa karate haiM) yaha sunakara hemacandra ne tatkAla hI sahaja bhAva se usa vidvAn kA mukha banda karane ke lie karArI coTa karate hue uttara diyA- "SaDadarzanapazugrAmAMzcArayan jainavATake" arthAt SaDdarzanarUpa pazugaNako jaina vAr3e meM carAtA huA daNDa kambala dhAraka hemacandra AyA hai| arthAt AkSepakAraka vidvAnoM kA sadA ke lie muMha banda ho gayA / siddhahema zabdAnuzAsana kI racanA ___ mAlava deza aura usakA adhipati mahArAjA bhoja, siddharAja jayasiMha kI AMkhoM meM sarvadA khaTakatA rahatA thA aura usake lie rAta-dina prayatna rahatA thA ki merI mAlava para vijaya ho / vikrama saMvat 1191 meM siddharAja jayasiMha ne mAlava para vijaya prApta kI / mAlava ko lUTakara vahA~ ke aizvarya aura sAhityika samRddhi ko lekara pATaNa AyA aura usa samRddhi ko dekhate hue jaba 'bhoja vyAkaraNa' dekhA to vaha mAlava ke prati nata-mastaka hokara raha gayA / sAhityika dRSTi se mAlava itanA samRddha thA, Aja gujarAta bhI nahIM hai / Aja gujarAta ke pAsa sAhityika dRSTi se apanA kahane ko kucha nahIM hai / rAjyavistAra, Arthika aura sAmAjika ke dRSTi se gujarAta bhale kitanA hI bar3A ho kintu, mAlava kI sAhitya samRddhi ke sAmane gujarAta kI sAhitya 1. bUta yAnI pratimA / buddha pratimA hI jyAdAtara dekhI hone ke kAraNa erebika loga isa pratimA ko bUta-budha karake pahacAnate the / vAstava meM yaha pratimA zivakI yA jinakI honI caahie|
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________________ Disembara 2010 137 samRddhi zUnya hai / mahArAjA bhoja racita bhoja vyAkaraNa ke samAna gujarAta kA bhI koI vyAkaraNa honA cAhie / siddharAja jayasiMha kI rAjasabhA meM bar3e dhurandhara diggaja vidvAn the / jaise siMha nAmaka sAMkhyavAdI, vIrAcArya, vAdI devasUri, kumudacandra, zAradAdeza ke utsAha paNDita, sAgara paNDita, rAma, prajJAcakSu mahAkavi zrIpAla, mahAmati bhAgavata, devabodha, bhAva bRhaspati, abhayadevasUri, maladhArI hemacandra, varddhamAnasUri Adi / unhoMne isa vyAkaraNa kI racanA karane meM kauna vidvAn sakSama hai ? isa dRSTi se apanI vidvatpariSad ko dekhA to kevala apUrva pratibhA sampanna hemacandra hI najara Ae ki yahI merI kAmanA ko pUrNa kara sakate haiM / unhoMne rAjasabhA meM hemacandra se anurodha kiyA 'he prabho ! Apa gujarAta ke lie bhI vyAkaraNa kI navIna racanA kIjie / ' siddharAja jayasiMha kI yaha abhilASA anurodha svIkAra karate hue hemacandra ne kahA ki etat sambandhI jo sAhitya aura jo vidvAn apekSita hoM, unakI Apa vyavasthA karAveM / jayasiMha ne svIkAra kiyA / kAzmIra Adi se samasta prakAra ke vyAkaraNa aura unake vidvAnoM ko bulAkara hemacandra ke sahayogI ke rUpa meM rakhA / hemacandra ne bhI apanI prakarSa pratibhA kA upayoga karate hue bhagavAna mahAvIra kI dezanA kA amUlya sUtra syAdvAda samakSa rakhate hue vyAkaraNa kI racanA prArambha kii| pahalA hI sUtra 'siddhiH syAdvAdAd' arthAt syAdvAda aura samanvayavAda kA zaGkhanAda kara diyA / isa vyAkaraNa meM rAjA aura apanA nAma jor3ate hue vyAkaraNa kA nAma rakhA 'siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana' / siddha arthAt siddharAja jayasiMha, hema arthAt hemacandra aura zabdAnuzAsana arthAt vyAkaraNa / isa vyAkaraNa kA paricaya Age diyA jAegA / samasta vidvAnoM dvArA eka mata se isa vyAkaraNa ke sambandha meM prazaMsAtmaka abhimata sunakara siddharAja jayasiMha prasanna hue aura kahA jAtA hai ki jala ke pravAha meM adhiSThAtrI devI ne isa vyAkaraNa ko sahaja svIkAra kiyA isIlie yaha gujarAta kA prasiddha vyAkaraNa bana gayA / mahArAjA kumArapAla siddharAja jayasiMha aputrIya the isIlie kisI vidvAn jyotiSI se
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________________ 138 anusandhAna - 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 jJAta kara ki mere pIche rAjyadhurA kA saMcAlana kumArapAla kareMge / ve yaha nahIM cAhate the ki kumArapAla rAjya kA adhipati bane / ataeva kumArapAla ke maraNa kA aneka bAra prayoga kiyA gayA / kumArapAla bhI maraNabhaya se idharaudhara bhAgate rahe / eka samaya kumArapAla hemacandra ke samparka meM Ae, unake lakSaNa dekhakara hemacandra ne yaha nizcaya kiyA aura kumArapAla se kahA ki 'tuma isa pradeza ke rAjA banoge usa samaya mujhe yAda karanA / ' siddharAja jayasiMha ke bheje hue rAjyapuruSa kumArapAla ko DhU~r3hate hue khambhAta A pahu~ce / usa samaya hemacandra ne apanI vasatI ke bhUmigRha meM kumArapAla ko chipA diyA aura usake dvAra ko pustakoM se Dhaka kara usake prANa bacAe / kahA jAtA hai ki jaba rAjapuruSa hemacandra ke pAsa pahu~ce aura pUchA to javAba diyA ki talaghara meM DhUMDha lo, rAjapuruSoM ne socA ki vahA~ pustakeM hI pustakeM hai isIlie ve loga vApisa cale gae / mantrI udayana aura AcArya hemacandra usake saMrakSaNa kA aneka bAra prayoga karate rahe / jayasiMha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt rAjagaddI kA bakher3A bhI prArambha huA kintu anta meM saMvat 1999 mArga zIrSa kRSNA caturdazI ko kumArapAla kA rAjyAbhiSeka ho gayA / rAjya kI uthala-puthala aura SaDyantrakAriyoM se gujarAta ko mukta karane meM kumArapAla ne sabala prayatna kiyA aura pUrNataH se isako mukta karavA diyA / rAjyavyavasthA meM atyanta saMlagna hone ke kAraNa hemacandra ko bhUla bhI gae thA / kumArapAla prabandha, prabandha cintAmaNi, purAtana prabandha saMgraha kumArapAla prabandha ke anusAra jisa samaya kumArapAla kA rAjyAbhiSeka huA usa samaya usakI avasthA 50 varSa hI hogI / isakA lAbha yaha huA ki usane apane anubhava aura puruSArtha dvArA rAjya kI sudRr3ha vyavasthA kI / yadyapi kumArapAla siddharAja ke samAna vidvAn nahIM thA, taba bhI rAjyaprabandha ke karane ke pazcAt dharma tathA vidyA se prema karane lagA thA / kumArapAla kI rAjyaprApti ke saMvAda sunakara hemacandra karNAvatI se pATaNa gae, taba mantrI udayana se jJAta huA ki vaha unheM bilkula bhUla cukA hai| hemacandra ne udayana se kahA ki 'Aja Apa rAjA se kaheM ki vaha apanI naI rAnI ke mahala meM na jAveM / Aja vahA~ utpAta hogA / ' yaha kisane kahA yaha jAnane kI jijJAsA ho to atyanta
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________________ Disembara 2010 anurodha karane para merA nAma batAnA / udayana ne vaisA hI kiyA / rAtri ko mahala para bijalI girI aura rAnI kI mRtyu ho gaI / rAjA ne yaha vismayakAraka camatkAra dekhakara AcArya hemacandra ko guru ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA aura rAjyasabhA meM bulAe / rAjA ne unakA sanmAna kiyA aura prArthanA kI ki 'usa samaya Apane mere prANoM kI rakSA kI thI aura yahA~ Ane para hameM darzana bhI nahIM die, lIjie aba apanA rAjya saMbhAliye / ' AcArya ne uttara diyA- 'rAjan ! yadi Apa kRtajJatA ke kAraNa pratyupakAra karanA cAhate haiM to bhagavAna mahAvIra kI vANI anekAntavAda aura ahiMsA kA pracAra-prasAra kareM / ' rAjA ne zanaiH zanaiH ukta Adeza ke svIkAra karane kI pratijJA kI aura apane rAjya se kumArapAla ne prANIvadha, mAMsAhAra, asatya bhASaNa, dyUtavyasana, vezyAgamana, paradhanaharaNa, madyapAna Adi durvyasanoM kA jar3amUla se niSedha kara diyA / amArighoSaNA karavAI / usane apane adhIna 18 prAntoM meM pazuvadha kA niSedha kara diyA thA / ahiMsA kA itanA vyApaka pracAra kiyA ki kumArapAla kA jIvana ahiMsAmaya ho gayA / kumArapAla pratibodha ke anusAra kumArapAla ke AcAra-vicAra aura vyavahAra dekhane se tathA hemacandra ke ananyopAsaka hone se kumArapAla ne jIvana ke antima dinoM meM jaina dharma svIkAra kara liyA hogA aura prAyaH unakA jIvana dvAdazavratadhArI zrAvaka jaisA ho gayA hogA / isIlie kumArapAla ko hemacandra svayaM apane granthoM meM 'paramArhata' karate haiM / yaha satya hai ki vaha jaina vicAroM kA pAlana karate hue tanmaya ho gayA thA aura hemacandra ko guru mAnakara vaha unhIM ke AdezoM kA anusaraNa karatA thA / prabhAsa pATaNa ke bhAvabRhaspati vikrama saMvat 1229 meM bhadrakAli zilAlekha meM mAhezvara nRpAgraNI kahate haiM aura hemacandra bhI saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya ke 20 veM sarga meM kumArapAla kI zivabhakti kA ullekha karate haiM / 139 kahate haiM ki hemacandra aura kumArapAla kA guru-ziSya jaisA sambandha thA aura hemacandrAcArya ke prabhAva meM Akara kumArapAla ne jaina paramparA kI atyadhika unnati kI thI / aneka jinamandira bnvaae| 1400 vihAra banavAe aura jaina dharma ko rAjyadharma banAyA / isakA ullekha rAmacandrasUri kRta
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________________ anusandhAna - 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 kumAravihArazataka meM milatA hai / jahA~ kumArapAla ne sahasroM mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA vahIM kedAra tathA somanAtha ke mandira kA bhI jIrNoddhAra karavAyA / 140 kumArapAla kI prArthanA para hI AcArya hemacandra ne triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita mahAkAvya, yogazAstra tathA vItarAga stuti Adi kI racanA kI / saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya kA antima sarga aura prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya kumArapAla ke samaya meM hI likhA gayA / pramANa mImAMsA kI racanA bhI isI ke kAla meM huI / aneka granthoM kI svopajJa TIkAeM, jisameM ki kumArapAla kA ullekha milatA hai, racanA kI gaI / kumArapAla ne 700 lekhakoM ko bulavAkara hemacandra nirmita grantha kI pratilipi karavAI aura 21 jJAnabhaNDAra bhI sthApita kie / paramArhat kumArapAla racita sAdhAraNa jinastavaH 'namrAkhilAkhaNDalamauliratna' 33 padyoM kA yaha stava bhI prApta hotA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki jaina zAsana meM vAsitacitta hokara kumArapAla ne antima samaya meM vItarAga stotra, yogazAstra Adi granthoM kA pArAyaNa karate hue hI aura guru kI AjJApAlana karate hue hI isa auhika loka kA tyAga kiyA ho ! somanAtha yAtrA rAjA kumArapAla ne jaba somanAtha kI yAtrA kI to guru ko bhI sAtha meM calane kA AmantraNa diyA / hemacandra ne saharSa svIkAra kiyA aura kahA hama tapasviyoM kA to tIrthATana mukhya dharma hai / yAtrA karate hue sukhAsana Adi vAhanoM ke lie hemacandra ke asvIkAra kiyA aura paidala yAtrA kI / rAjA ne atyanta bhakti ke sAtha somanAtha ke liGga kI pUjA kI aura guru se kahA ki 'Apako kisI prakAra kI Apatti na ho to Apa tribhuvanapati somezvaradeva kA arcana kareM / ' AcArya hemacandrane AhvAna, avaguNThana mudrA, mantra, nyAsa, visarjana Adi svarUpa, paJcopacAra vidhi se ziva kA pUjana kiyA tathA 'bhava bIjAGkurajananA rAgAdyAH kSayamupAgatA yasya / brahmA vA viSNurvA haro jino vA namastasmai / / ' Adi svapraNIta zlokoM se stuti kI / kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne isa avasara para rAjA ko sAkSAt mahAdeva ke darzana kraae| isa para kumArapAla ne kahA ki hemacandrAcArya saba devatAoM ke avatAra aura trikAlajJa haiM / inakA
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________________ Disembara 2010 upadeza mokSa mArga ko dene vAlA hai / (saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya, sarga - 5, 133-141) 141 zloka isI prakAra rAjA kumArapAla kI kuladevI kaNTezvarI devIke samakSa jo pazubalI-saptamI ko 700 pazu aura 7 bhaiMse, aSTamI ko 800 pazu aura 8 bhaiMse tathA navamI ko 900 pazu aura 9 bhaiMse dI jAtI thI usako bhI apanI zakti kA prayoga kara samApta karavAyA / zaivamaThAdhIza gaNDa bRhaspati bhI jainAcAryoM ko vandana karate the / aisA hone para bhI ve andha zraddhA ( gatAnugatika) ke pakSapAtI nahIM the | hemacandra ne mahAvIrastuti meM spaSTa kahA hai he vIra prabhu, kevala zraddhA se hI Apake prati pakSapAta nahIM hai aura na hI kisI dveSa ke kAraNa dUsare se aruci hai / AgamoM ke jJAna aura yathArtha parIkSA ke bAda terI zaraNa lI hai / 'na zraddhayaiva tvayi pakSapAto na dveSamAtrAdaruci pareSAm / yathAvadAptatvaparIkSayA ca tvAmeva vIra prabhumAzritAH smaH // mahAvIra stuti, zloka-5 / ' 84 varSa kI avasthA meM anazanapUrvaka antyArAdhana kriyA unhoMne Arambha kI tathA kumArapAla se kahA ki 'tumhArI Ayu bhI cha: mAha zeSa rahI hai / ' anta meM kumArapAla ko dharmopadeza dete hue saMvat 1229 meM apanA deha tyAga diyA / ziSya samudAya AcArya hemacandra kA gujarAta ke do-do rAjAoM - siddharAja jayasiMha aura kumArapAla, udayana mantrI AmrabhaTTa, vAgbhaTTa, cAhar3a, kholaka, mahAmAtya zAntanu Adi rAjavargIya parivAra se ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai / AcArya kA ziSya samudAya bhI vizAla rahA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki unake 100 ziSya the / zataprabandhakAra rAmacandrasUri, anekArtha koSa ke TIkAkAra mahendrasUri, varddhamAnagaNi, devacandragaNi, guNacandragaNi, yaza: candragaNi, vaiyyAkaraNI udayacandragaNi, bAlacandrasUri Adi mukhya the / AcArya hemacandra racita triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA maGgalAcaraNa 'sakalArhatpratiSThAna' ko paravartI tapAgaccha paramparA pAkSika pratikramaNa ityAdi
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________________ 142 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 meM isako caityavandana ke rUpa meM bolakara hemacandrAcArya ke prati apanI bhAvAJjali prastuta karatA hai / yaha ucita bhI hai / sAhitya sarjanA yugAnusAra tarka, lakSaNa aura sAhitya ina tIna mahAvidyAoM kA adhikRta adhyayana kara rAjyasabhA kA sadasya bana jAnA uttama koTi kA mAnA jA sakatA hai| kisI eka-do vidhA para apanI pratibhA ke bala para nUtana sAhitya kA nirmANa kara mahAkavi yA mahAlekhaka bananA sambhavita mAnA jA sakatA hai kintu, aneka vidhAoM para adhikArapUrNa maulika sAhitya kA nirmANa karanA sarvotkRSTa yA siddhasArasvata hI kara sakatA hai / isa tIsarI koTi meM AcArya hemacandra ko rakhanA hI nyAyasaGgata hogA / inhoMne jo kucha bhI sAhitya sarjana kiyA vaha maulika hI rahA, koI TIkA yA TippaNI nahIM / hA~, yaha satya hai ki pUrva kaviyoM, lekhakoM kA vidhivat adhyayana kara unake mantavyoM ko Apane sthAna-sthAna para uddhRta avazya kiyA hai yA unako AtmasAt kara maulika sRjana hI kiyA hai / yaha bhI eka vidhA para nahIM - zabdAnuzAsana (paMcAMgI sahita), koSa, anekArthI koSa, dezI nAmamAlA, mahAkAvya, dvisandhAna kAvya, alaGkAra zAstra, chandaHzAstra, nyAya zAstra, yoga zAstra aura stotra Adi vividha viSayoM para racanAe~ kI haiM jo ki yaha siddhasArasvata hI kara sakatA hai| dUsarI bAta yaha ki sAhitya sarjana ke atirikta do-do mahArAjAoM para apane vaiduSya kA prabhAva DAlanA aura eka ko to apanA vazamvada hI banA lenA, una jaise prabhAvaka AcAryoM kA hI kArya hai| unake dvArA jo nirmita sAhitya jo prApta ho rahA hai usakI sUcI AgamaprabhAkara munizrI puNyavijayajI ne taiyAra kI thI vaha nimna hai :grantha nAma zloka saMkhyA 1. siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana 2. siddhahema laghuvRtti 9000 3. siddhahema bRhavRtti 18000 siddhahema bRhannyAsa 84000 5. siddhahema prAkRtavRtti 2200
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________________ Disembara 2010 143 liGgAnuzAsana 3984 uNAdigaNavivaraNa 3250 8. dhAtuparAyaNavivaraNa 5600 abhidhAnacintAmaNinAmamAlA 10000 10. anekArtha koSa 1828 11. nighaNTu koSa 396 12. dezInAmamAlA 3500 13. kAvyAnuzAsana savivaraNa 6800 14. chandonuzAsana savivaraNa 3000 15. saMskRta vyAzraya 1500 17. pramANamImAMsA (apUrNa) 2500 18. vedAGkaza 1000 19. triSaSTizalApuruSacarita mahAkAvya 36000 20. pariziSTa parva 3500 21. yogazAstra 12750 vItarAgastotra 188 23. anyayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA 24. ayogavyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA 25. mahAdeva stotra kahA jAtA hai ki inhoMne 3.5 karor3a zloko kA nirmANa kiyA thA kintu Aja usakA zatAMza hI 2,07,000 zloka pramANa hI sAhitya prApta hotA hai / videzI AkrAntAoM dvArA kucha sAhitya jalA diyA hogA, kucha naSTa ho gayA hogA aura kucha bhaNDAroM meM upekSita par3A huA hogA / prApta sAhitya para kiJcit vivecana prastuta hai : siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana, 7 adhyAya - AcArya hemacandra ne apane samaya meM upalabdha samasta vyAkaraNa vAGmaya kA anuzIlana kara apane 'zabdAnuzAsana' evaM anya vyAkaraNagranthoM kI racanA kI / hemacandra ke pUrvavartI vyAkaraNoM meM tIna doSa-vistAra, kaThinatA evaM kramabhaGga yA anuvRttibAhulya pAye jAte haiM, 3
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________________ 144 anusandhAna- 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 1 kintu zabdAnuzAsanakAra hemacandra ukta tInoM doSoM se mukta haiM / unakA vyAkaraNa suspaSTa evaM Azubodhaka rUpa meM saMskRta bhASA ke sarvAdhika zabdoM kA anuzAsana upasthita karatA hai / yadyapi unhoMne pUrvavartI vyAkaraNoM se kucha na kucha grahaNa kiyA hai, kintu usa svIkRti meM bhI maulikatA aura navInatA hai unhoMne sUtra aura udAharaNoM ko grahaNa kara lene para bhI unake nibandhanakrama ke vaiziSTya meM eka nayA hI camatkAra utpanna kiyA hai| sUtroM kI samatA, sUtroM ke bhAvoM ko pacAkara naye DhaMga ke sUtra evaM amoghavRtti ke vAkyoM ko jyoM ke tyoM rUpa meM athavA kucha parivartana ke sAtha nibaddha kara bhI apanI maulikatA kA akSuNNa banAye racAnA hemacandra jaise pratibhAzAlI vyakti kA hI kArya hai / prArambha ke 7 adhyAyoM meM kula 3566 sUtra haiM / laghuvRtti, bRhadvRtti, bRhannyAsa Adi vyAkhyA grantha likhakara apUrva vaiduSya kA paricaya diyA hai / liGgAnuzAsana svopajJa vivaraNa, uNAdigaNa svopajJa vivaraNa, dhAtupArAyaNa svopajJa vivaraNa ityAdi kA nirmANa kara zabdAnuzAsana ke pA~ca aMgoM ko paripuSTa kiyA hai / I prAkRta vyAkaraNa (siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana kA AThavA~ adhyAya) AcArya hema kA yaha prAkRta vyAkaraNa samasta upalabdha prAkRta vyAkaraNoM meM sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa aura vyavasthita hai / isake cAra pAda haiM / prathama pAda meM 271, dvitIya pAda meM 218, tRtIya pAda meM 182 aura caturdha pAda meM 388 kula sUtra 1059 haiM / caturtha pAda meM zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA paizAcI kI vizeSatAoM kA nirNaya hai / hemacandra ke sanmukha pA~ca-chaH sadiyoM kA bhASAtmaka vikAsa aura sAhitya upasthita thA, jisakA unhoMne pUrNa upayoga kiyA hai / cUlikA paizAcI aura apabhraMza kA ullekha vararuci ne nahIM kiyA hai / cUlikA aura apabhraMza kA anuzAsana hema kA apanA hI hai / apabhraMza bhASA kA niyamana 119 sUtroM meM svatantra rUpa se kiyA hai / udAharaNoM meM apabhraMza ke pUre ke pUre dohe uddhRta kara naSTa hote hue vizAla sAhitya kA unhoMne saMrakSaNa kiyA hai / hemacandra hI sabase pahale aise vaiyyAkaraNa haiM jinhoMne apabhraMza bhASA
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________________ Disembara 2010 ke sambandha meM itanA vistRta vivecana upasthita kiyA hai / I koSa-abhidhAnacintAmaNi nAmamAlA - 12vIM zatAbdI meM jitane koSa grantha likhe gae unameM se hemacandra ke koSa sarvotkRSTa haiM / zrI e. bI. kItha apane saMskRta sAhitya ke itihAsa meM ukta kathana kA samarthana karate haiM / isameM chaH kANDa haiM jinakI padya saMkhyA kula 1542 haiM / isa para 'tattvabodhavidhAyinI' nAmaka svopajJa TIkA hai / isa TIkA grantha meM zabda prAmANya vAsuki evaM vyADi se liyA gayA hai aura vyutpatti dhanapAla aura prapaJca se lI gaI hai| vikAsa, vistAra, vAcaspati Adi granthoM se liyA gayA hai / koSoM meM yaha koSa aneka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai / itihAsa kI dRSTi se isa koSa kA bar3A mahattva hai / TIkA meM pUrvavartI 56 granthakAroM aura 31 granthoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / sAMskRtika dRSTi se hemacandra ke koSoM kI sAmagrI mahattvapUrNa hai / hemacandra kA sthAna na kevala saMskRta koSa -granthakAroM meM apitu sampUrNa koSa-sAhityakAroM meM akSuNNa hai / bhASAvijJAna kI dRSTi se bhI yaha koSa atyanta utkRSTa hai| jo ki abhidhAna cintAmaNi meM zabda nahIM zeSasaGgraha nAmamAlA Ae the usakI pUrti svarUpa hI hai / - - 145 anekArtha saGgraha jina zabdoM ke eka se aneka artha hote haiM una zabdoM kA isameM saMkalana kiyA gayA hai / isameM 7 kANDa haiM aura 1939 zloka haiM / anekArtha zabdoM ke isa saGgraha meM prArambha ekAkSara zabdoM se aura anta SaDakSara zabdoM se hotA hai / zabdoM kA krama Adima akArAdi varNoM tathA antima kakArAdi vyaJjanoM ke anusAra calatA hai / isa koSa para zrI hemacandrasUri ke ziSya mahendrasUri TIkA kI hai / dezInAmamAlA - jisa prakAra zabdAnuzAsana meM prAkRta evaM apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa likhakara zabdAnuzAsana ko pUrNatA pradAna kI hai usI prakAra koSa sAhitya meM bhI dezI nAmamAlA likhakara koSa sAhitya ko pUrNatA pradAna kI hai / isameM 3978 zabdoM kA saMkalana hai / dezI zabdoM kA saGgraha kaThina kArya hai, saGgraha karane para bhI unakA grahaNa karanA aura bhI kaThina kArya hai / isIlie hemacandra ne yaha kArya apane hAthoM meM liyA / dezI nAmamAlA meM prayukta zabdoM kI vyutpatti saMskRta zabdoM se nahIM ho sakatI / isIlie
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________________ anusandhAna - 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 inheM nirarthaka mAnakara zabdoM kA saGgraha kahakara DaoN0 bulhara ne hemacandra kI AlocanA kI hai kintu, DaoN0 bulhara AlocanA karate samaya hemacandra ke mantavya ko samajha nahIM paaye| pro. muralIdhara banarjIne svasampAdita dezInAmamAlA kI prastAvanA meM isa prazna para yukti saMgrata vicAra kiyA hai aura AlocanA kA samucita uttara bhI kiyA hai| pro. pizala ne ina zabdoM kA saGgraha vyartha hI mAnA hai kintu pro. banarjI ne isakA bhI uttara diyA hai / dezI zabdoM kA yaha zabdakoza bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa tathA upayogI hai isameM tatsama, tatbhava aura dezI zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa koSa meM 4058 zabda saMkalita haiM | jisameM tatsama zabda 180, garbhita tadbhava zabda 1850, saMzaya yukta tadbhava zabda 528 aura avyutpAdita prAkRta zabda 1500 haiM / isa koSa meM ATha adhyAya haiM aura kula 783 gAthAe~ haiM / I 146 nighaNTu zeSa yaha vanaspati zabdoM kA koSa hai / isameM chaH kANDa haiM / 379 zloka haiM / vaidyaka zAstra kI dRSTi se yaha atyanta upayogI hai| kAvyAnuzAsana - isameM tIna pramukha vibhAga haiM / 1. sUtra (gadya), 2. vyAkhyA, 3. vRtti / kAvyAnuzAsana meM kula sUtra 208 haiM / sUtroM kI vRtti karane vAlI vyAkhyA 'alaGkAra cUr3AmaNi' kahalAtI hai aura isI vyAkhyA ko suspaSTa karane ke lie udAharaNoM ke sAtha 'viveka' nAma vRtti likhI gaI hai| kAvyAnuzAsana 8 adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / alaGkArazAstra se sambandha rakhane vAle sAre viSayoM kA pratipAdana bahuta hI sundara rUpa se kiyA gayA hai / alaGkAra cUr3AmaNi meM kula 807 udAharaNa prastuta kie gae haiM aura 'viveka 825 udAharaNa prastuta kie gae haiM / sampUrNa kAvyAnuzAsana meM 1632 udAharaNa prastuta haiM / alaGkAra cUr3AmaNi evaM viveka meM 50 kaviyoM tathA 51 granthoM ke nAmoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / prathama adhyAya meM kAvya paribhASA, kAvyahetu, kAvyaprayojana Adi kA varNana hai / dvitIya adhyAya meM rasa, sthAyI bhAva, vyabhicArI bhAva tathA sAttvika bhAvoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / tRtIya adhyAya meM zabda, vAkya, rasa tathA doSoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / caturtha adhyAya kAvyaguNa arthAt oja, mAdhurya evaM prasAda para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / paJcama adhyAya meM chaH zabdAlaGkAroM
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________________ Disembara 2010 147 kA varNana hai / chaThe adhyAya meM 29 arthAlaGkAroM kA varNana hai| saptama adhyAya meM nAyaka-nAyikA ke bheda-prabhedoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| aSTama adhyAya meM kAvya ko prekSya tathA zravya do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / isameM bANabhaTTa kI taraha hemacandra bhI kathA aura AkhyAyikA kA bheda svIkAra kara rahe haiM / navameM adhyAya meM campU kAvya kI paribhASA hai / kAvyAnuzAsana prAyaH saGgrahagrantha hai / isameM AcArya ne rAjazekhara, mammaTa, Anandavarddhana aura abhinavagupta Adi se paryApta Adi se paryApta sAmagrI grahaNa kI hai / kAvyaprakAza kA vizeSa upayoga kiyA gayA hai, phira bhI kAvyAnuzAsana meM hemacandra kI maulikatA akSuNNa hai / yadyapi kAvyaprakAza ke sAtha kAvyAnuzAsana kA adhika sAmya hai / kintu, kahIM-kahIM nahIM apitu paryApta sthAnoM para hemacandra ne mammaTa kA virodha bhI kiyA hai| jaise upamA kI paribhASA / kAvyAnuzAsana meM apane samarthana ke lie hemacandra vividha grantha evaM granthakartAoM ke nAma uddhRta karane meM atyanta catura haiM / katipaya vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra kAvyAnuzAsana meM maulikatA kA abhAva khaTakatA hai / mahAmahopAdhyAya pI.vI.kANe ke matAnusAra AcArya hemacandra pradhAnataH vaiyyAkaraNI the tathA alaGkArazAstrI gauNarUpa meM the / unake matAnusAra kAvyAnuzAsana saGgrahAtmaka ho gayA hai / trilokInAtha jhA (bihAra risarca sosAyaTI, volyUma-40-3 bhAga eka-do pR0 22-23) kA mata bhI isI prakAra hai / zrI e.bI.kItha bhI kAvyAnuzAsana meM maulikatA nahIM dekhate / zrI esa.ena.dAsa. gupta evaM zrI esa.ke.De. isa viSaya meM kItha ke hI mata ko svIkAra karate haiM / kintu, zrI viSNupada bhaTTAcArya (AcArya hemacandra para vyaktiviveka ke kartA kA RNa' nibandha iNDiyana kalcara grantha 13 pRSTha 218-224) ne zrI kANe ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai aura hemacandra ke kAvyAnuzAsana meM maulikatA prasthApita kI hai / ve rasa-siddhAnta ke kaTTara anuyAyI the / kAvyAnuzAsana ke matAnusAra kAvya saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura grAmya apabhraMza meM bhI likhA jA sakatA hai / kAvyAnuzAsana kI vyAkhyAoM 'alaGkAra cUr3AmaNi' tathA 'viveka' meM jo udAharaNa evaM jAnakArI dI hai vaha saMskRta sAhitya meM evaM kAvyazAstra ke itihAsa ke lie atyanta upayukta hai /
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________________ anusandhAna - 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 mammaTa kA kAvyaprakAza kliSTa hai, sAdhAraNa pAThakoM ke lie sugama nahIM aura saMskRta ke kAvya ke atirikta anya sAhitya vidhAoM kA adhyayana karane ke lie dUsare grantha bhI dekhane par3ate haiM / hemacandra kA kAvyAnuzAsana isa artha meM paripUrNa hai / 148 chandonuzAsana isakA aparanAma chanda cUr3AmaNi hai aura svopajJa TIkA hai / yaha ATha adhyAyoM evaM 763 sUtroM meM vibhakta hai / apane samaya taka AvezakRta evaM pUrvAcAryoM dvArA prarUpita samasta saMskRta, prAkRta aura apabhraMza chandoM kA samAveza karane kA prayatna kiyA hai / chandoM ke lakSaNa to isameM saMskRta meM likhe haiM kintu unake udAharaNa, unake prayogAnusAra saMskRta, prAkRta yA apabhraMza se die gae haiM / aise aneka prAkRta chandoM ke nAma lakSaNa udAharaNa bhI die haiM jo svayambhU chanda meM nahIM hai / chandonuzAsana kI racanA kAvyAnuzAsana ke bAda huI hai / chandonuzAsana se bhArata ke vibhinna rAjyoM meM pracalita chandoM para prakAza par3a sakatA hai / grantha meM prastuta udAharaNoM ke adhyayana se hemacandra kA gIti kAvya meM siddhahasta honA bhI mAlUma par3atA hai / saMskRta sAhitya kI dRSTi se chandonuzAsana ke rUpa meM hemacandra kI dena adhika dRSTigata nahIM hotI kintu prAkRta tathA apabhraMza bhASA kI dRSTi se unakI dena ullekhanIya hai / pramANa - mImAMsA pramANa-mImAMsA meM yadyapi unakI mUla sthApanAaiM viziSTa nahIM hai tathApi jaina pramANa zAstra ko sudRr3ha karane meM, akATya tarkoM para pratiSThita karane meM pramANamImAMsA viziSTa sthAna rakhatA hai / yaha grantha sUtra zailI kA grantha hai / upalabdha grantha meM 2 adhyAya aura 3 Ahnika mAtra haiN| apUrNa hai / ho sakatA hai ki vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa ise pUrNa na kara pAe hoM, athavA zeSa bhAga naSTa ho gayA ho| isa grantha meM hemacandra kI bhASA vAcaspati mizra kI taraha napItulI, zabdADambaroM se rahita, sahaja aura sarala hai / yaha na ati saMkSipta hai aura na adhika vistAra vAlA / pramANa - mImAMsA kA uddezya kevala pramANoM kI carcA karanA nahIM hai apitu pramANanaya aura sopAya bandha mokSa ityAdi paramapuruSArthopayogI viSayoM kI carcA karanA hai / isa grantha kI
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________________ Disembara 2010 149 vizeSatA yaha hai ki hemacandra ne 'gRhItagrAhI' aura 'grahISyamANagrAhI' do kA samatva dikhAkara sabhI dhArAvAhI jJAnoM meM prAmANya kA samarthana karAyA hai / hemacandra indriyAdhipatya aura anindriyAdhipatya donoM ko svIkAra karake ubhayAdhipatya kA hI samarthana karate haiM / hemacandra ne jaya-parAjaya vyavasthA kA nayA nirmANa kiyA hai / yaha nayA nirmANa satya aura ahiMsA tattvoM para pratiSThita huA hai| isake anusAra jaina darzana jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ke bIca bheda nahIM maantaa| pratyeka adhikArI vyakti sarvajJa banane kI zakti rakhatA hai / anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kA isameM pUrNa samarthana kiyA gayA hai I pramANamImAMsA meM hemacandra ne pUrvavartI Agamika, tArkika, sabhI jaina mantavyoM ko vicAra va manana se pacAkara apane DhaMga kI vizada, apunarukta, sUtrazailI tathA sarvasaGgrAhiNI vizadatama svopajJa vRtti meM sanniviSTa kiyA hai| pramANamImAMsA aitihAsika dRSTi se jaina tattva sAhitya meM tathA bhAratIya darzana sAhitya meM viziSTa mahattva rakhatA hai / dvayAzraya saMskRta - dvayAzraya kAvyoM meM prastuta saMskRta dvayAzraya kAvya kA sthAna apUrva hai | isameM siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana adhyAya 7 taka ke niyamoM, udAharaNoM ko dikhAnA Avazyaka samajhakara sUtroM ke udAharaNa praztuta kie haiN| dUsarI tarapha cAlukya vaMza kA aitihAsika varNana bhI diyA gayA hai / jo cAlukya vaMza ke itihAsa ke lie spaSTatA mUlyavAna hai / isa kAvya meM 20 sarga aura 2888 zloka haiM / dvisandhAna kAvyoM kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya abhUtapUrva hai / dvayAzraya prAkRta siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana ke 8veM adhyAya prAkRta vyAkaraNa ke niyamoM ko spaSTa karane ke lie prAkRta dvayAzraya kAvya kI racanA kI gaI hai| yaha 8 sargoM meM vibhAjita hai / jisameM 6 sarga meM zaurasenI, mAgadhI, paizAcI, cUlikA paizAcI aura apabhraMza bhASA ke udAharaNa spaSTa haiM / dUsarI tarapha mahArAjA kumArapAla jIvanacaritra varNita hai / isa prakAra vyAkaraNa aura jIvanacaritra kA pratyeka padyoM meM prayoga karate hue kavi ne isameM apAra saphalatA prApta kI hai / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita mahAkAvya - yaha 36000 zloka parimANa
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________________ 150 anusandhAna - 53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga - 1 kA mahAkAvya hai / ise paurANika va aitihAsika mahAkAvya bhI kaha sakate haiM / jaina paramparA meM jo 63 zalAkA mahApuruSa mAne gae haiM - cauvIsa tIrthaMkara, bAraha cakravartI, nau baladeva, nau vAsudeva, nau prativAsudeva / dasa parvoM meM isakA vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai / pratyeka parva meM anekoM sarga haiN| prathama parva meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA, saptama parva jaina rAmAyaNa, ATha-nau-dasa parva aitihAsika mahApuruSa neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ke hai / isameM trailokya kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / isameM paraloka, Izvara, AtmA, karma, dharma, sRSTi Adi viSayoM kA vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai / isameM dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA bhI vistArapUrvaka vivecana kiyA gayA hai / itihAsa, kathA evaM paurANika tathyoM kA yatheSTa samAveza kiyA gayA hai / sRSTi, vinAza, punarnirmANa, devatAoM kI vaMzAvalI, manuSyoM ke yugoM, rAjAoM kI vaMzAvali kA varNana Adi purANoM ke sabhI lakSaNa pUrNarUpeNa isa mahad grantha meM pAye jAte haiM / yaha sArA kAvya praur3ha evaM udAtta zailI kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai / pratyeka varNana sajIva evaM sAlaGkAra hai / DaoN. haramana jekobI ne triSaSThizalAkApuruSacarita ko rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata kI zailI meM race gaye eka jaina mahAkAvya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai / yaha grantha purANa aura kAvya- kalA donoM hI dRSTiyoM se uttama hai / isa vizAla grantha kA kathA-zilpa mahAbhArata kI taraha hai / AcArya hemacandra ne apane isa grantha ko mahAkAvya kahA hai / usakI saMvAda - zailI, usake loka- tattvoM aura usakI avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza isa grantha ko paurANika zailI ke mahAkAvyoM kI koTi meM le jAtA hai / pariziSTa parva - ise 'sthavirAvalicarita' bhI kahA gayA hai / isameM 13 sarga haiM / muktigAmI jambUsvAmI, prabhava, zayyambhava, yazobhadra, bhadrabAhu, sambhUtivijaya, sthUlibhadra AryamahAgiri, Arya suhasti, vajrasvAmI, AryarakSita, Adi zrutakevalI caturdaza pUrvadhara, dasa pUrvadhara, AcAryoM kA prApta pUrNa paricaya diyA gayA hai / AcArya hemacandra kI do dvAtriMzikAe~ prApta hotI hai / pahalI hai anyayoga vyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA / isameM 32 zloka haiM / bhakti kI dRSTi se
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________________ Disembara 2010 151 ina stotroM kA jitanA mahattva hai unase kahIM adhika kAvya kI dRSTi se mahattva hai / anya yoga vyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA meM anya darzanoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / DaoN. AnandazaMkara dhruva ne ina para apanA abhimata prakaTa kiyA hai / unake mata se 'cintana aura bhakti kA itanA sundara samanvaya isa kAvya meM huA hai| yaha darzana tathA kAvyakalA donoM hI dRSTi se utkRSTa kahA jA sakatA hai|' jaina darzana ke vyApakatva ke viSaya meM batalAtehue hemacandra kahate haiM ki jisa prakAra dUsare darzanoM ke siddhAnta eka dUsare ko pakSa va pratipakSa banAne ke kAraNa matsara se bhare hue haiM usa prakAra arhat siddhAnta nahIM hai kyoMki yaha sAre nayoM ko binA bhedabhAva ke grahaNa kara letA hai / isa stotra para zrI malliSeNasUri kI TIkA 'syAdvAdamaJjarI' hai / vItarAga stotra - yaha bhakti stotra hai / isameM 20 stava haiM / 88 padyoM kA eka stava hai isa prakAra kula padya saMkhyA 186 hai / bhaktahRdaya hemacandra ne vItarAga stotra bhakti ke sAtha samanvayAtmakatA evaM vyApaka dRSTikoNa pradarzita kiyA hai| ayoga vyavaccheda dvAtriMzikA - isameM bhI 32 padya haiM / isameM pramukhatA se svamata kA maNDana arthAt jaina mata kA pratiSThApana kiyA gayA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI stuti karate hue sarala evaM sarasa zabdoM meM jaina dharma kA svarUpa saMkSepa tathA prAmANika bhASA meM varNita kiyA gayA hai / mahAdeva stotra - isa stotra meM mahAdeva ko AdhAra banAkara vItarAga deva kI stuti kI gaI hai aura yaha sarvadharmasamanvaya kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| yogazAstra - cAlukya nareza kumArapAla ke vizeSa anurodha se AcArya hemacandra ne yogazAstra kI racanA kI thii| isameM 12 prakAza aura 1018 zloka haiM / isa para svopajJa vivaraNa prApta hai| jisa prakAra digambara paramparA meM yoga viSayaka zubhacandra kRta jJAnArNava grantha apratima hai usI prakAra zvetAmbara paramparA meM hemacandra kA yogazAstra bhI eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / yaha sarala, subodha, saMskRta meM racA gayA hai| prAyaH isameM anuSTup chanda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai|
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________________ 152 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 ___ isameM 11 prakAza yogazAstra kI paramparA ke anusAra hI likhe gae haiM, kintu bArahaveM prakAza meM 'zrutasamudra aura guru ke mukha se jo kucha maiMne jAnA hai, usakA varNana kara cukA hU~ / aba vaha nirmala anubhavasiddha tattva ko prakAzita karatA hU~' / isa yogazAstra kI tulanA pataJjali yogazAstra se kI jA sakatI hai / viSaya tathA varNanakrama meM maulikatA tathA bhinnatA hote hue bhI maharSi pataJjali ke yogasUtra tathA hemacandra ke yogazAstra meM bahuta sI bAtoM meM samAnatA pAyI jAtI hai / anIzvaravAdI hote hue bhI yatra-tatra paramezvara viSayaka kalpanA bhI dikhAI detI hai / vastutaH yaha unakI udAratA hai / ve paramAtmA vyakti ke nahIM guNoM ke pUjaka haiM / pAtaJjala kA yogamArga eka prakAra se ekAntika ho gayA hai, usake dvAra sabake lie khule nahIM hai| usameM sabako AtmAnubhUti dene kA AzvAsana bhI nahIM hai| jabaki yogazAstra meM sabhI manuSya unako batAye hue mArga para calakara muktAvasthA kA Ananda anubhava kara sakate haiM / vizvazAnti ke lie tathA dRSTirAga ke ucchedana ke lie AcArya hemacandra kA yogazAstra Aja bhI atyanta upAdeya grantha hai / vinTaranitja apane bhAratIya sAhitya ke itihAsa meM likhate haiM - yogazAstra kevala dhyAnayoga nahIM hai apitu sAmAnya dharmAcaraNa kI zikSA hai| varadAcArI (hiSTrI oNpha saMskRta liTarecara) bhI isI prakAra kA mata prakaTa karate hai| TIkA grantha - AcArya hemacandra praNIta zabdAnuzAsana, koSa Adi para aneka udbhaTa lekhakoM ne samaya-samaya para lekhanI calAI hai, unameM se kucha ke ullekhanIya nAma akArAnukrama se isa prakAra haiM : siddhahemazabdAnuzAsana (saMskRta vyAkaraNa) - amaracandra (bRhadvRtti avacUri), kanakaprabha (laghunyAsa durgapada vyAkhyA), kAkala kAyastha (laghuvRtti DhuMDhikA dIpikA), jinasAgarasUri (dIpikA), dhanacandra (laghuvRtti avacUri), dharmaghoSa (nyAsa), nandasundaragaNi (laghuvRtti avacUri), munizekharasUri (laghuvRtti DhuMDhikA), rAmacandra (nyAsa), vidyAkara (bRhadvRtti dIpikA), vinayasAgaragaNi (aSTAdhyAya tRtIya pAda vRtti) isa vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para aneka prakriyA grantha bhI likhe gae haiM,
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________________ Disembara 2010 jo nimna haiM :- candraprabhA vyAkaraNa (meghavijayopAdhyAya), hemaprakAza vyAkaraNa (hemalaghu prakriyA, svopajJa vinayavijayopAdhyAya), hemaprakriyA ( vIrasiMha / mahendra), hemabRhad prakriyA (mayAzaMkara zAstrI), hemazabda saMcaya (amaracandra), hemazabdacandrikA (meghavijaya) / prAkRta vyAkaraNa amaracandrasUri, haribhadrasUri liGgAnuzAsana (durgapadaprabodhavRtti) zrIvallabhopAdhyAya, zeSasaGgraha nAmamAlA (zrIvallabhopAdhyAya), 153 nighaNTu nAmamAlA ( zrIvallabhopAdhyAya), abhidhAna cintAmaNi nAmamAlA TIkA - kuzalasAgaragaNi, devasAgaragaNi (vyutpatti ratnAkara), bhAnucandragaNi, zrIvallabhopAdhyAya (sAroddhAra), sAdhuratna (avacUri) dvayAzraya kAvya TIkA (saMskRta) abhayatilakopAdhyAya dvayAzraya kAvya TIkA (prAkRta) pUrNakalaza vItarAga stotra TIkA - prabhAnandasUri ( durgapada prakAzikA), somodayagaNi, nayasAgaragaNi (avacUri), rAjasAgaragaNi, mANikyagaNi, meghagaNi - yogazAstra TIkA - amaraprabhasUri (vRtti), indrasaubhAgyagaNi (vArttika), merusundaragaNi (bAlAvabodha), somasundarasUri (bAlAvabodha) / upasaMhAra sAr3he tIna karor3a paMktiyoM ke virAT sAhitya kA eka vyakti ke dvArA sRjana karanA svayaM asAdhAraNa bAta hai / AcArya hemacandra apane bhavya vyaktitva ke rUpa meM eka jIvana vizva vidyAlaya athavA mUrtimAna jJAnakoSa se unhoMne jJAnakoSa ke samakakSa vizAla grantha saGgraha kA bhI bhAvI pIr3hI ke lie sRjana kiyA thA / tejasvI aura AkarSaka vyaktitva ko dhAraNa karane vAle ve mahApuruSa the / ve taponiSTha the, zAstravettA the tathA kavi the / ve maharSi, mahAtmA, pUrNasaMyamI, utkRSTa jitendriya evaM akhaNDa brahmacArI the / ve nirbhaya, rAjanItijJa, gurubhakta, mAtRbhakta, bhaktavatsala tathAvAdI mAnamardaka the / ve sarva dharma samabhAvI, satya ke upAsaka jaina dharma ke pracAraka tathA deza ke uddhAraka the / kahA jAtA I I
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________________ 154 anusandhAna-53 zrIhemacandrAcAryavizeSAMka bhAga-1 hai ki unhoMne apane prabhAva evaM upadeza se 33000 kuTumba arthAt Der3ha lAkha vyakti jaina dharma meM dIkSita kie the / siddharAja jayasiMha evaM kumArapAla kI rAjyasabhA meM rahate hue bhI unhoMne rAjyakavi kA sammAna grahaNa nahIM kiyA thaa| ve rAjyasabhA meM bhI rahe to kevala AcArya ke rUpa meM / gujarAta meM ahiMsA kI prabalatA kA zreya AcArya hemacandra ko hI hai / ve kevala purAtana paddhati ke anuyAyI nahIM the / jaina sAhitya ke itihAsa meM 'hemacandrayuga' ke nAma se pRthak samaya aMkita kiyA gayA hai tathA usa yuga kA vizeSa mahattva hai / ve gujarAtI sAhitya aura saMskRta ke Adyaprayojaka the / isalie gujarAta ke sAhityika vidvAn unheM gujarAta kA jyotirdhara kahate haiM / inake mahAkAvyoM kI tulanA saMskRta sAhitya ke eka bhaTTI kAvya se hI kI jA sakatI hai| kintu, bhaTTI meM bhI vaha pUrNatA va kramabaddhatA nahIM jo hameM hemacandra meM milatI hai / madhusUdana modI ne bhI hemasamIkSA nAmaka pustaka meM unake apabhraMza dohoM atyadhika prazaMsA kI hai / hemacandra ne apane samagra sAhitya meM sthala-sthala para samanvaya bhAvanA kA vyavahAra kiyA hai / inake grantha nizcaya hI saMskRta sAhitya ke alaGkAra hai| ve lakSaNa, sAhitya, tarka, vyAkaraNa evaM darzana ke paramAcArya haiM / AcArya hemacandra ke vizAlakAya vipula granthasaMgraha ko dekhakara 'hemocchiSTaM tu sAhityam' aisA kahA gayA hai| isa nibandha ke lekhana meM jina sAhityakAroM, jina lekhakoM, jina granthoM vizeSataH DaoN0 vi. bhA. musalagAMvakara likhita 'AcArya hemacandra' kA upayoga vizeSa rUpa se kiyA gayA hai, ataeva ina sabakA maiM AbhArI huuN| prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, jayapura