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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM DaoN. phUlacanda jaina 'premI' aSTa karmoM meM nAma karma kA chaTThA sthAna hai| DaoN. zrI phUlacaMdajI jaina 'premI' ne nAma karma kA svarUpa usakI uttara prakRtiyA~ Adi kA vivecana bar3I hI niSThA ke sAtha kiyA hai| Ta. karma siddhAnta ke viSaya meM jitanI yuktiyukta vaijJAnika isIlie jaina evaM vedAnta darzana kA yahI svara bArasUkSma vivecanA jaina dharma meM kI gaI hai vaisI anya kisI bhI bAra yAda AtA hai ki he Atman / terI mukti tere hI hAtha dharma meM nahIM hai| anekAntavAda, ahiMsA Adi siddhAntoM meM hai, tU hI bandhana karanevAlA hai aura tU hI apane ko kI taraha karma-siddhAnta bhI jaina dharma kA apanA vizeSa mukta karanevAlA bhI haimahatvapUrNa siddhAnta hai| jainadharma kI vaijJAnika dharma ke rUpa svayaM karma karotyAtmA, svayaM ttphlmshnute| meM mAnyatA yA prasiddhi meM karma siddhAnta kI vaijJAnikatA svayaM bhramati saMsAre, svayaM tasmAd vimucyte|| eka pramukha kAraNa hai| karma kyA hai? kyoM baMdhate haiM? baMdhane isIlie kisI eka ko dUsaroM ke sukha-duHkha, jIvanake kyA-kyA kAraNa haiM? jIvana ke sAtha ve kaba taka rahate maraNa kA kartA mAnanA ajJAnatA hai| yadi aisA mAna liyA haiM? ve kyA-kyA aura kisa prakAra phala dete haiM? unase jAe to phira svayaM zubhAzubha karma niSphala siddha hoNge| mukti kaise prApta hotI hai? vividha praznoM kA samAdhAna mAtra isa sandarbha meM AcArya amitagati kA yaha kathana smaraNIya jaina dharma meM hI milatA hai| jaina karma siddhAnta isalie aura bhI mahatvaparNa hai ki svayaM kRtaM karma yadAtmanA purA, phalaM tadIyaM labhate zubhAzubham / isane IzvarAdi parakartRtva yA sAhitkartRtva ke bhrama ko pareNadattaM yadi labhyate sphuTaM svayaM kRtaM karma nirarthaka tdaa|| tor3akara pratyeka prANI ko apane purUSArtha dvArA usa ananta nijAjirtaM karma vihAya dehino, na ko'pi kasyApi dadAti catuSTaya (ananta darzana, ananta jJAna, ananta sukha aura kiNnycn| ananta vIrya) kI prApti kA mArga sahana aura prazasta kiyA vicArayannevamananya mAnasaH paro dadAtIti vimucya zemuSIm / / hai| vastutaH pratyeka prANI apane bhAgya kA svayaM sraSTA, isa taraha jaina karma siddhAnta daivavAda nahIM, apitu svarga-naraka kA nirmAtA aura svayaM hI baMdhana aura mokSa ko adhyAsavAda hai kyoMki isameM dRzyamAna sabhI avasthAoM prApta karanevAlA hai| isameM Izvara Adi kisI anya mAdhyama / ko karmajanya kahakara yaha pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki ko bIca meM lAkara use kartRtva mAnanA ghora mithyAtva AtmA alaga hai aura kamajanya zarIra alaga hai| isa bhadabatalAyA gayA hai| isIlie "bajjhijjatti ttiudvijjA baMdhaNaM vijJAna kA sarvocca upadeSTA hone ke kAraNa jaina karmasiddhAnta parijANiyA" - Agama kA yaha vAkya smaraNIya hai jisameM adhyAtmavAda kA hI dUsarA nAma siddha hotA hai| kahA gayA hai ki baMdhana ko samajho aura tor3o, tumhArI karma viSayaka sAhitya anantazakti ke samakSa bandhana kI koI hastI nahIM hai| prAkRta, saMskRta, apabhraMza tathA anyAnya dezI bhASAoM jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM |
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________________ meM karma-viSayaka jaina sAhitya vipula mAtrA meM upalabdha hai / AcArya guNadhara viracita kasAyapAhuDasuta tathA AcArya vIrasena svAmI viracita isakI solaha khaNDoM meM prakAzita bRhad jaya dhavalA nAmaka TIkA, AcArya puSpadanta bhUtabali viracita SaTkhaNDAgama tathA isa para AcArya vIrasena evaM jinasena svAmI viracita dhavalA nAmaka TIkA, paMcasaMgraha, mUlAcAra kA paryApti adhikAra, gommaTasAra Adi aneka mahAn grantha karma-viSayaka sAhitya meM pramukha haiM / isa sandarbha meM vizeSa jAnakArI hetu siddhAntAcArya paM. zrI kailAzacanda zAstrI dvArA likhita " jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa" prathama bhAga vizeSa dRSTavya hai / karmabaMdha aura usakI prakriyA mUlataH AtmA kI do avasthAe~ haiM - baddhadazA aura muktdshaa| eka meM bandhana hai to dUsarI meM mukti / jagat meM karmabaMdha kA aura AtmA ke azuddha bhAva kA eka vilakSaNa hI sambandha hai / AtmA meM baMdha to nijI vikalpoM ke kAraNa hotA hai / yadi antaH bhAvoM meM rAga-dveSa kI cikanAI na ho to bAhya padArthoM ke rajakaNa usa para cipaka nahIM sakate aura na usa AtmA ko malina hI kara sakate haiN| AcArya akalaMkadeva ne tatvArthavArtika meM udAharaNa hue kahA hai ki jisa prakAra pAtra vizeSa meM rakhe gaye aneka rasa vAle bIja, puSpa tathA phaloM kA madya (zarAba) rUpa meM pariNamana hotA hai, usI prakAra AtmA meM sthita pudgaloM kA krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha rUpa kaSAyoM mana, vacana, kAya kI kriyA rUpa yoga ke kAraNa karmarUpa pariNamana hotA hai / jIva ke pariNAmoM kA nimitta pAkara pudgala svayameva karmarUpa pariNamana karate haiM / karmoM kA AtmA ke sAtha sambandha hone se jo avasthA utpanna hotI hai, use baMdha kahate haiM / vastutaH pratyeka prANI kI pravRtti ke pIche rAga-dveSa kI vRtti kAma karatI hai / yaha pravRtti apanA eka saMskAra jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM jaina saMskRti kA Aloka chor3a jAtI hai| saMskAra se punaH pravRtti evaM pravRtti se punaH saMskAra nirmita hote haiM / isa taraha yaha silasilA bIja aura vRkSa kI taraha sanAtana kAla se calA A rahA hai / jIva aura karmoM kA sambandha anAdi hai yA sAdi ? isake uttara meM AcArya pUjyapAda ne kahA hai ki jIva aura karmoM kA anAdi sambandha bhI hai aura sAdi sambandha bhI hai / kAryakAraNa bhAva kI paramparA kI apekSA anAdi sambandha hai aura vizeSa kI apekSA sAdi sambandha hai / jaise bIja aura vRkSa kA sambandha / yadyapi ye sambandha anAdi se cale A rahe haiM kintu bIja ke binA vRkSa nahIM hotA aura vRkSa ke binA bIja nahIM hotA / isa apekSA se pratyeka bIja aura vRkSa sAdi va sahetuka haiN| isa prakAra pratyeka karmabaMdha va jIva kA vikArI pariNAma sahetuka va sAdi hai, kintu saMtAna paraMparA kI apekSA anAdi hai / ( sarvArtha siddhi 2/41) prAyaH sabhI paralokavAdI darzanoM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki AtmA jaise acche yA bure karma karatA hai, tadanusAra hI usameM acchA yA burA saMskAra par3a jAtA hai aura use usakA acchA yA burA phala bhoganA par3atA hai kintu jainadharma jahA~ acche yA bure saMskAra AtmA meM mAnatA hai vahA~ sUkSma karmapudgaloM kA usa AtmA se baMdha bhI mAnatA hai / usakI mAnyatA hai ki isa loka meM sUkSma karma pudgala skandha bhare hue haiN| jo isa jIva kI kAyika, vAcika yA mAnasika pravRtti rUpa yoga se AkRSTa hokara svataH AtmA se baddha ho jAte haiM aura AtmA meM vartamAna kaSAya ke anusAra unameM sthiti aura anubhAga par3a jAtA hai| jaba ve karma apanI sthiti pUrI hone para udaya meM Ate haiM to acchA yA burA phala dete haiM / isa prakAra jIva pUrvabaddha karma ke udaya se krodhAdi kaSAya karatA hai aura usase navIna karma kA baMdha karatA hai / karmabaMdha ke cAra bheda haiM 1. karmoM meM jJAna ko ghAtane, 35
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni sukha-duHkhAdi dene kA svabhAva par3anA prakRtibaMdha hai / 2. karma baMdhane para jitane samaya taka AtmA ke sAtha baddha raheMge, usa samaya kI maryAdA kA nAma sthitibaMdha hai / 3. karma tIvra yA manda jaisA phala de usa phaladAna kI zakti kA par3anA anubhAga bandha hai / 4. karma paramANuoM kI saMkhyA ke pariNAma ko pradeza -baMdha kahate haiM / inameM prakRtibaMdha aura pradezabaMdha yoga se hote haiM tathA sthitibaMdha aura anubhAga baMdha kaSAya se hote haiN| yoga jitanA tIvra yA manda hotA hai, tadanusAra hI paudgalika karmaskandha AtmA kI ora AkRSTa hote haiM / jaise havA jitanI teja, manda calatI hai, tadanusAra hI dhUla ur3atI hai / isI taraha krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha jaise tIvra yA manda hote hai, tadanusAra hI karma pudgaloM meM tIvra yA manda sthiti aura anubhAga par3atA hai / isa taraha yoga aura kaSAya baMdha ke kAraNa hai| inameM bhI kaSAya hI saMsAra kI jar3a hai / kyoMki kaSAyoM ke binA karma paramANu AtmA meM Tikate nahIM hai| jabaki AtmA cumbaka kI taraha eka AkarSaNa zakti hotI hai, jo saMsAra meM sarvatra pAye jAne vAle sUkSma kArmaNa skandhoM ko apanI ora khIMcA karatI hai / AtmA kI isa AkarSaNa zakti ko hI "yoga" kahA jAtA hai| isa taraha karma pudgaloM kA khiMca Akara AtmA se sambandha karanA aura unameM svabhAva kA par3anA, yaha karmayoga (mana, vacana, kAmarUpa kriyA) se hotA hai| yadi ve karma pudgala kisI ke jJAna meM bAdhA DAlanevAlI kriyA se khiMce haiM to unameM jJAna guNa ko AvRta ( r3hakane) karane kA svabhAva pdd'egaa| aura yadi rAgAdi kaSAyoM se khiMce hai to cAritra ke naSTa karane kA svabhAva par3egA / jisa taraha khAyA huA anna apane Apa rakta, mAMsa, majjA, haDDI Adi ke rUpa meM badala jAtA hai / usI taraha se ye AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdhita "karma" bhI taraha-taraha ke bhedoM meM badala jAte haiM, jinheM hama jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, 36 vedanIya, mohanIya, Ayu, nAma, gotra aura aMtarAya ina ATha bhedoM yA nAmoM se pukArate haiM / aura ye karma hI vibhinna rUpa meM AtmA ke sAtha saMbaMdhita hokara manuSyoM meM aura samasta jIvadhAriyoM meM hInAdhikatA paidA kiyA karate haiN| ye ATha karma hI AtmA ke nirmala svarUpa ko kisI na kisI prakAra dhUmila banAte rahate haiM / isIlie ina ATha karmoM kA apane-apane svabhAva ke anusAra nAmakaraNa bhI haiN| inameM AtmA ke guNoM kA ghAta karane ke kAraNa jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya aura antarAya ye cAroM ghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiM kyoMki Atma vikAsa meM ye vizeSa bAdhaka hote haiN| zeSa cAra karma - vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra ye cAroM aghAtiyA karma kahalAte haiM / inameM cAra ghAtiyA karma ke nAza se sarvajJatA se samalaMkRta AtmA nija svarUpa meM lIna rahatI huI arahaMta pada prApta karatI hai, jaba ki ghAtiyA, aghAtiyA samasta karmoM ke pUrI taraha kSaya ho jAne para pUrNa vizuddha rUpa "siddha" svarUpa kI prApti hotI hai| pUrvokta jaina karma siddhAnta ke vizeSa sandarbha meM " nAmakarma" ko isalie isa nibaMdha meM vizeSa sandarbhita kiyA jA rahA hai cU~ki uparyukta ATha karmoM meM isa nAmakarma kA aneka dRSTiyoM se vizeSa mahatva hai / Aja saMsAra meM anantAnanta prakAra ke jIvoM meM jo vividhatA, samAnatA, citra-vicitratA, AkAra-prakAra, unakA apanA-apanA svabhAva, sparza, gandha, yaza-apayaza Adi dikhalAI detA hai, vaha saba isI nAma karmodaya kI mahimA hai na ki kisI Izvara vizeSa kI / parakartRtva ke bhrama ko tor3ane meM yahI karma vizeSa kArya karatA hai| caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM jIva kI ananta AkRtiyA~ haiM / ina sabake nirmANa kA kArya yaha nAmakarma hI karatA hai / isI se zarIra aura usake aMgopAMga Adi kI racanA hotI hai / jaise citrakAra aneka prakAra ke citra banAtA hai, usI prakAra isa nAmakarma ke udaya se hamArA zarIra aura usake aMgopAMgoM kA nirmANa jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka -pravacanasAra 117 bhI hotA hai| sundara, vikRta, choTA, bar3A zarIra Adi saba zarIra yogya karma vargaNAoM ko grahaNa karanA, yahI janma zubhAzubha nAmakarma ke udaya se banate haiN| isa prakAra vizva kA prArambha hai| karmoM ke hI udaya se vaha jIva binA cAhe kI vicitratA meM nAmakarma rUpI citere kI kalA abhivyakta hue maraNa karake dUsarI paryAya meM utpanna hotA hai| vahA~ hotI hai na ki IzvarAdi kisI anya vizeSa kii| isIlie vargaNAoM kA grahaNa nAmakarma ke udaya se svayameva hotA to jinasenAcArya ne kahA hai rahatA hai| ye vargaNAe~ svayaM hI paryApti, nirmANa, aMgopAMga Adi ke udaya se audArika yA vaikriyika zarIra ke vidhiH sraSTA vidhAtA ca daivakarma purAkRtam / AkAra pariNamana kara jAtI hai| jaise - jIva ke azuddha Izvarazceti paryAyA vijJeyAH krmvedhsH|| bhAvoM kA nimitta pAkara loka meM sarvatra phailI huI kArmaNa - mahApurANa 37/4 vargaNAe~ svayaM hI apane-apane svabhAvAnusAra jJAnAvaraNAdi nAmakarma kA svarUpa pUrvokta ATha karmarUpa pariNamana kara jAtI hai| isI taraha nAmakarma ke vizeSa vivecana ke pUrva sarvaprathama usakA nAma karma tathA gotrakarma ke udaya se bhinna-bhinna jAti kI vargaNAe~ svayaM aneka prakAra ke deva, nArakI. manaSya. svarUpa jAna lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| AcArya kundakunda ne tiryaMcoM ke zarIra ke AkAra rUpa pariNamana kara jAtI haiN| kahA hai isa taraha yaha zarIra AtmA kA koI kAraNa yA kArya nahIM kammaM NAmasamakkhaM sabhAvamadha appaNo shaavenn| hai, karmoM kA hI kArya hai| abhibhUya NaraM tiriyaM NeriyaM vA suraM kunndi|| kArmaNa zarIra kA nirmANa sUkSma bIja rUpa adRzya vargaNAyeM hI karatI haiN| jaise mahAn vaTavRkSa kA atyanta arthAt nAma saMjJA vAlA karma jIva ke zuddha svabhAva / choTA bIja yA mahAsAgara kA eka bU~da jala, vRkSa athavA ko AcchAdita karake use manuSya, tiryaJca, nArakI athavA sAgara kI sArI prakRti, guNa, DhA~cA Adi apane bhItara devarUpa karatA hai| dhavalA TIkA (6/1, 6 tathA 10/13/3) AtmasAt kie hue rahatA hai, vaise hI ye bIja kArmaNa meM kahA hai jo nAnA prakAra kI racanA nirvRtta karatA hai vaha vargaNAe~ bhI alaga-alaga una sabhI vibhinna rAsAyanika nAmakarma hai| zarIra, saMsthAna, saMhanana, varNa, gandha Adi saMgaThanoM kI pratinidhi svarUpa unake vibhinna guNa-prabhAva kAryoM ke karane vAle jo pudgala jIva meM niviSTa haiM ve se yukta rahatI haiN| inhIM bIja rUpa kArmaNa vargaNAoM dvArA "nAma" isa saMjJAvAle hote haiN| AcArya pUjyapAda ne paricAlita yA prerita hamAre mana, vacana aura zarIra (indriyoM) sarvArthisiddhi (6/1, 6 tathA 10/13/3) meM batalAyA hai ki dvArA hone vAle sabhI kArya yA karma hote haiN| isa taraha AtmA kA nAraka Adi rUpa nAmakaraNa karanA nAmakarma kI hamAre sabhI karmoM kA udgama sthAna-ye AMtarika rAsAyanika prakRti (svabhAva) hai, jo AtmA ko namAtA hai yA jisake saMgaThana rUpa vargaNAyeM (maoNlIkyUlasa) hI haiN| aba yahA~ dvArA AtmA namatA hai, vaha "nAmakarma" hai| "nAmakarma" kI bayAlIsa prakRtiyoM kA svarUpa vivecana isa nAmakarma kI bayAlIsa prakRtiyA~ tathA tairAnaveM prastuta hai| uttara prakRtiyA~ hai| inakA vizleSaNa Age kiyA jaaegaa| ___ nAmakarma aura usakI prakRtiyA~ inameM zarIra nAmakarma ke antargata zarIra ke pA~ca bhedoM kA nAmakarma kI bayAlIsa prakRtiyA~ haiN| inheM piNDa prakRtiyA~ nirUpaNa vizeSa dRSTavya hai / vastutaH audArika yA vaikriyika bhI kahate haiN| ye isa prakAra haiM - gati, jAti, zarIra, | jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 37 jain Education International
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni bandhana, saMghAta, saMsthAna, saMhanana, aMgopAMga, varNa, rasa, gandha, sparza, AnupUrvI, agurulaghu, upaghAta, paraghAta, ucchvAsa, Atapa, udyota, vihAyogati, trasa, sthAvara, sUkSma, bAdara, paryApta, ucchvAsa, Atapa, udyota, vihAyogati, trasa, sthAvara, sUkSma, bAdara, paryApta, aparyApta, sAdhAraNa, pratyeka, sthira, zubha, subhaga, Adeya, asthira, azubha, durbhaga, anAdeya, duHsvara, susvara, ayazaskIrti, yazaskIrti, nirmANa aura tIrthakaratvare / ye hI nAmakarma ke bheda (prakAra) kahe jAte haiN| inakA vivecana prastuta hai / 1. gati nAmakarma gati, bhava, saMsAra - ye paryAyavAcI zabda haiM / jisake udaya se AtmA bhavAntara ko gamana karatA hai vaha gati nAmakarma hai / yadi yaha karma na ho to jIva gati rahita ho jaaegaa| isI gati nAmakarma ke udaya jIva meM rahane se Ayu karma kI sthiti rahatI hai aura zarIra Adi karma udaya ko prApta hote hai / naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya aura devagati - ye isake cAra bheda haiN| jina karmaskandhoM ke udaya se AtmA ko naraka, tiryaMca Adi bhava prApta hote haiM, unase yukta jIvoM ko una una gatiyoM meM naraka gati, tiryaMcagati Adi saMjJAe~ prApta hotI haiM / 2. jAti nAmakarma jina karmaskandhoM se sadRzatA prApta hotI hai, jIvoM ke usa sadRza pariNAma ko jAti kahate haiM / arthAt una gatiyoM meM avyabhicArI sAdRza se ekIbhUta svabhAva ( ekarUpatA) kA nAma jAti hai / yadi jAti nAmakarma na ho to khaTamala khaTamala ke samAna, bicchU bicchU ke samAna isI prakAra anya sabhI prANI sAmAnyataH eka jaise nahIM ho skte| jAti ke pA~ca bheda haiM- ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya / inake lakSaNa isa prakAra haiMjisake udaya se jIva ekendriya jAti meM paidA ho arthAt 38 ekendriya zarIra dhAraNa kare use ekendriya jAti nAmakarma kahate hai / isI prakAra dvIndriyAdi kA svarUpa banatA hai / 3. zarIra nAmakarma 6," jisake udaya se AtmA ke lie zarIra kI racanA hotI hai vaha zarIra nAmakarma hai / yaha karma AtmA ko AdhAra yA Azraya pradAna karatA hai / kyoMki kahA hai ki "yadi zarIra nAmakarma na syAdAtmA vimuktaH syAt- " arthAt yadi yaha karma na ho to AtmA mukta ho jaay| isake bhI pA~ca bheda haiM- audArika, vaikriyika, AhAraka, taijas aura kArmaNa zarIra / jisake udaya se jIva ke dvArA, grahaNa . kiye gaye AhAra vargaNA rUpa pudgalaskandha rasa, rudhira, mAMsa, asthi, majjA aura zukra svabhAva se pariNata hokara audArika zarIra rUpa ho jAte haiM usakA nAma audArika zarIra hai| isI prakAra anya bhedoM kA svarUpa banatA hai / 4. bandhana nAmakarma zarIra nAmakarma ke udaya se jo AhAra - vargaNArUpa pudgala - skandha, grahaNa kiye una pudgalaskandhoM kA paraspara saMzleSa sambandha jisa karma ke udaya se ho use baMdhana - nAmakarma kahate haiM / yadi yaha karma na ho to yaha zarIra bAlU dvArA banAye hue puruSa ke zarIra kI taraha ho jaae| isake bhI audArika, vaikriyika zarIra bandhana Adi pA~ca bheda haiN| 5. saMghAta nAmakarma jisake udaya se audArika zarIra chidrarahita paraspara pradezoM kA eka kSetrAvagAha rUpa ekatva prApta ho use saMghAta nAmakarma kahate haiM / isake bhI audArika- zarIra- saMghAta Adi pA~ca bheda haiM / 6. saMsthAna nAmakarma jisake udaya se audArika Adi zarIra ke AkAra kI racanA ho vaha saMsthAna nAmakarma hai / isake chaha bheda haiM jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka samacaturasra, nyagrodhaparimaNDala, sAdika, vAmana, kubjaka aura huMDaka (vidha AkAra) saMsthAna / 7. saMhanana nAmakarma jisake udaya se haDDiyoM kI saMdhi meM baMdhana vizeSa hotA hai vaha saMhanana nAmakarma hai| isake chaha bheda haiM- 1. vajraRSabhanArAca, 2. RSabhanArAca, 3.nArAca, 4.arddhanArAca, 5. kIlaka aura 6. asaMprAptAsRpaTikA / sevArta saMhanana / 8. aMgopAMga nAmakarma jisa karma ke udaya se aMga aura upAMgoM kI spaSTa racanA ho vaha aMgopAMga nAmakarma hai| isake tIna bheda haiM - audArika, vaikriyika aura AhAraka zarIra aNgopaaNg| 6. varNa nAmakarma ___ jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra meM kRSNa, nIla, rakta, harita aura zukla-ye varNa (raMga yA rUpa) utpanna hoM vaha varNa nAmakarma hai| ina 5 vargoM se hI isake pA~ca bheda banate haiN| jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra ke pudgaloM meM kRSNatA prApta hotI hai vaha kRSNavarNa nAmakarma hai| isI taraha anya 12. sparza nAmakarma __ jisa karmaskandha ke udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM usakI jAti ke anurUpa sparza utpanna ho| jaise sabhI utpala, kamala Adi meM pratiniyata sparza dekhA jAtA hai| isake ATha bheda haiM - karkaza, mRdu, gurU, laghu, snigdha, rukSa, zIta aura USNa / 13. AnupUrvI nAmakarma jisa karma ke udaya se vigrahagati meM pUrvazarIra (maraNa se pahale ke zarIra kA) AkAra rahe usakA nAma AnupUrvI hai| isa karma kA abhAva nahIM kahA jA sakatA kyoMki vigrahagati meM usa avasthA ke lie nizcita AkAra upalabdha hotA aura uttama zarIra, grahaNa karane ke prati gamana kI upalabdhi bhI pAI jAtI hai| isake cAra bheda haiMnarakagatiprAyogyAnupUrvI, tiryaggatiprAyogyAnupUrvI, manuSyagati, prAyogyAnupUrvI, devagatiprAyogyAnupUrvI / 14. agurU laghu nAmakarma jisake udaya se yaha jIva anantAnanta pudgaloM se pUrNa hokara bhI lohapiNDa kI taraha gurU (bhArI) hokara na to nIce gire aura rUI ke samAna halkA hokara Upara bhI na jAya use agurUlaghu nAmakarma kahate haiN| 10. rasa nAmakarma isake udaya se zarIra meM jAti ke anusAra jaise nIbU, nIma Adi meM pratiniyata tikta, kaTuka, kaSAya, amla aura madhura rasa utpanna hote haiN| yahI isa nAmakarma ke pA~ca bheda hai| 11. gandha nAmakarma jisake udaya se jIva zarIra meM usakI jAti ke anusAra gandha utpanna ho vaha gandha nAmakarma hai| isake do bheda haiM - sugandha aura durgandha / 15. upaghAta nAmakarma "upetya ghAtaH upaghAtaH" arthAt pAsa Akara ghAta honA upaghAta hai| jisa karma ke udaya se apane dvArA hI kiye gaye galapAza Adi baMdhana aura parvata se giranA Adi nimittoM se apanA ghAta ho jAtA hai vaha upaghAta nAmakarma hai| athavA jo karma jIva ko apane hI pIr3A meM kAraNabhUta bar3e-bar3e sIMga, udara Adi avayavoM ko racatA hai vaha upaghAta hai| | jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 36
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni 16. paraghAta nAmakarma jisake udaya se dUsare kA ghAta karane vAle aMgopAMga ho use paraghAta nAmakarma kahate haiM / jaise bicchU kI pUMcha Adi / 17. ucchvAsa jisake udaya se jIva meM zvAsocchvAsa ho / 18. Atapa jisake udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM Atapa arthAt anya ko saMtapta karane vAlA prakAza utpanna hotA hai vaha Atapa hai| jaise sUrya Adi meM hone vAle pRthvIkAyika Adi meM aisA camatkArI prakAza dikhatA hai / 16. udyota jisake udaya se jIva ke zarIra meM udyota (zItalatA dene vAlA prakAza) utpanna hotA hai vaha udyota nAmakarma hai| jaise candramA, nakSatra, vimAnoM aura juganU Adi jIvoM ke zarIroM meM udyota hotA hai / 20. vihAyogati jisake udaya se AkAza meM gamana ho use vihAyogati nAmakarma kahate haiM / isake prazasta aura aprazasta - ye do bheda haiN| 21. trasa nAmakarma jisake udaya se dvIndriyAdika jIvoM meM utpanna ho, use sa nAmakarma kahate hai / 22. sthAvara jisake udaya se ekendriya jIvoM (sthAvara kAyoM) meM utpanna ho vaha sthAvara nAmakarma hai / 40 23. bAdara (sthUla) jisake udaya se dUsare ko rokane vAlA tathA dUsare se rukanevAlA sthUla zarIra prApta ho use bAdara zarIra nAmakarma kahate haiM / 24. sUkSma nAmakarma jisake udaya se aisA zarIra prApta ho, jo na kisI ko roka sakatA ho aura na kisI se rokA jA sakatA ho, use sUkSma zarIra nAmakarma kahate haiM / 25. paryApta jisake udaya se AhAra, zarIra, indriya, zvAsocchvAsa, bhASA aura mana - ina chaha paryAptiyoM kI racanA hotI hai vaha paryApta nAmakarma hai / ye hI isake chaha bheda haiM / 26. aparyApta uparyukta paryAptiyoM kI pUrNatA kA na honA aparyApti hai / 27. pratyeka zarIra nAmakarma jisake udaya se eka zarIra kA eka hI jIva svAmI ho use pratyeka zarIra nAmakarma kahate hai / 28. sAdhAraNa zarIra nAmakarma jisake udaya se eka zarIra ke aneka jIva svAmI ho, use sAdhAraNa- zarIra nAmakarma kahate hai / 26. sthira nAmakarma - jisa karma ke udaya se zarIra kI dhAtue~ ( rasa, rudhira, mAMsa, meda, majjA, haDDI aura zukra ) ina sAta dhAtuoM kI sthiratA hotI hai vaha sthira nAmakarma hai / 30. asthira jisake udaya se ina dhAtuoM meM uttarottara asthira rUpa pariNamana hotA jAtA hai vaha asthira nAmakarma hai / jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM
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________________ jaina saMskRti kA Aloka 41. nimAna (nirmANa) nAmakarma nizcita mAna (mApa) ko nimAna kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM-pramANa aura sthAna / jisa karma ke udaya se aMgopAMgoM kI racanA yathApramANa aura yathA sthAna ho use nimAna yA nirmANa nAmakarma kahate haiN| 42. tIrthaMkara nAmakarma jisa karma ke udaya se tIna lokoM meM pUjya parama Arhantya pada prApta hotA hai vaha paramotkRSTa tIrthaMkara nAmakarma hai| 31. zubha nAmakarma jisake udaya se zarIra ke aMgoM aura upAMgoM meM ramaNIyatA (sundaratA) AtI hai vaha zubhanAmakarma hai| 32. azubha nAmakarma jisake udaya se zarIra ke avayava amanojJa hoM use azubha nAmakarma kahate haiN| 33-34. subhaga, durbhaga nAmakarma jisake udaya se strI-puruSa yA anya jIvoM meM paraspara prIti utpanna ho use subhaga nAmakarma tathA rUpAdi guNoM se yukta hote hue bhI logoM ko jisake udaya se aprItikara pratIta hotA hai use durbhaga nAmakarma kahate haiN| 35-36. Adeya, anAdeya nAmakarma jisake udaya se Adeya-prabhA sahita zarIra ho vaha Adeya tathA niSprabha zarIra ho vaha anAdeya nAmakarma hai| 37-38. susvara, dusvara nAmakarma jisake udaya se zobhana (madhura) svara ho vaha susvara tathA amanojJa svara hotA hai vaha duHsvara nAmakarma hai| 36-40. yaza kIrti, ayaza kIrti nAmakarma jisake udaya se jIva kI prazaMsA ho vaha yazaH kIrti tathA nindA ho vaha ayazaH kIrti nAmakarma hai| ___isa prakAra ye nAmakarma kI 42 piNDa prakRtiyA~ haiN| inhIM meM eka-eka kI apekSA inake 63 bheda haiN| inameM antima tIrthaMkara nAmakarma kA Asrava darzanavizuddhi Adi solaha kAraNa bhAvanAoM kA vidhAna hai| yadyapi ye eka sAtha sabhI solaha bhAvanAe~ Avazyaka nahIM hai kintu eka darzana vizuddhi ati Avazyaka hotI hai| do se lekara solaha kAraNoM ke vikAsa se bhI tIrthaMkara nAmakarma baMdha hotA hai| isa prakAra nAmakarma kI bayAlIsa prakRtiyoM tathA uttara bheda rUpa terAnaveM prakRtiyoM ke svarUpa vivecana se spaSTa hai ki yaha nAmakarma kitanA vyApaka, sUkSma aura ati saMvedanazIla karma hai| Adhunika vijJAna meM jahA~ nitanavIna prayoga ho rahe haiM, vahIM isa nAmakarma kI mahattA aura 1. jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa prathama bhAga pR. 38 3. mUlAcAra 12/163-166 tatvArthasUtra 8/11 4. gatirbhavaH saMsAraH mUlAcAra TIkA 12/63 5. jAtirjIvAnAM sadrazaH pariNAma - vahI 6-7-8. mUlAcAravRtti 12/163 6. gommaTasAra karmakANDa hindI TIkA (AryikA AdimatI jI) pR. 26 10-12. mUlAcAravRtti 12/164 | jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM 41
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________________ sAdhanA kA mahAyAtrI : zrI sumana muni bhI bar3ha jAtI hai| nAmakarmodaya se pratyeka jIva kI apanI- apanI vizeSa pahacAna vAlA sparza, gandha, svara Adi hote haiN| Aja vaijJAnika kSetra meM inakI saMvedanAoM kA vizeSa zodha-khojapUrNa adhyayana ho rahA hai aura hamAre sAmAjika jIvana meM upayoga karake unase lAbha bhI liyA jA rahA hai| jaise aparAdha aura aparAdhiyoM kI khoja karane ke lie sUMghakara aparAdhI kA patA lagAne vAle vizeSa kuttoM ko pulisa prazikSita karake inake dvArA aparAdha saMbaMdhI aneka gutthiyoM ko sulajhAne meM sahaja hI saphalatA prApta kara letI hai| yaha gandha nAmakarma kI hI mahattA hai| "sparza" ke dvArA bhI aneka samvedanAoM kA jJAna sahaja ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra nAmakarma kI ina prakRtiyoM kA vaijJAnika adhyayana romAMcika upalabdhi se yukta hokara vibhinna kSetroM meM bahuAyAmI rUpa meM upayogI siddha ho sakatA hai| 0 jainadarzana, sAhitya, itihAsa evaM saMskRti ke saMvarddhana, saMrakSaNa evaM pracAra-prasAra meM sadaiva tatpara DaoN. zrI phUlacandajI jaina 'premI' kA janma 12 julAI 1648 ko dalapatapura grAma (sAgara-ma.pra.) meM huaa| prAraMbhika zikSoparAMta Apane jainadharma vizArada, siddhAnta zAstrI, sAhityAcArya, ema.e. evaM zAstrAcArya kI parIkSAeM dii| "mUlAcAra kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana" viSaya para kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca.DI. kI upAdhi se vibhUSita DaoN. premI jI ko kaI puraskAroM se Aja dina taka sammAnita kiyA gayA hai| jaina jagat ke mUrdhanya vidvAn DaoN. premI ne aneka kRtiyoM kA lekhana-saMpAdana karake jaina sAhitya meM zrI vRddhi kI hai| aneka zodhaparaka nibaMdha jaina patra-patrikAoM meM prakAzita ! rASTrIya-antarrASTrIya saMgoSThiyoM meM jainadarzana viSayaka vyAkhyAna ! 'jaina ratna' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita DaoN. premI jI saralamanA evaM sahRdayI sajjana hai| ___ mRga kI nAbhi meM kastUrI kI piNDikA rahatI hai| usako apane piMDa se sugandhI AtI hai, kintu vaha usako DhU~DhatA bAhara phiratA hai| usake lie vaha pUre jaMgala ko chAna mAratA hai, sUMghatA rahatA hai ki yaha sugandhI kahA~ se AtI hai? lekina prApta nahIM hotii| kyoM? usako usakI upasthiti kA jJAna nahIM hai| sugandhI to usake apane zarIra meM hI hai| lekina vaha use bAhara DhU~DhatA-DhU~DhatA hI janma gavAM detA hai, baMdhuo! hamArI bhI yahI hAlata hai, hama DhU~Dhate rahate haiM, sukha yahA~ milegA, vahA~ milegA, vahA~ bhAgate hai, vahA~ bhAgate hai, kitanA upakrama karate haiM - icchita sukha kI prApti ke lie| lekina icchita sukha milatA nhiiN| kyoMki hama sukha kA AdhAra vastu ko mAnakara calate hai| jJAnI puruSa, manISI sAdhaka, sukha kA AdhAra vastu ko nahIM AtmA ko mAnate hai| anaMta sukhAtmaka AtmA hI hai| - sumana vacanAmRta jaina karmasiddhAnta : nAmakarma ke vizeSa sandarbha meM |