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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa - karmasiddhAnta kA udbhava sRSTi vaicitrya, vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM, vyakti kI sukha-duHkhAtmaka anubhUtiyoM evaM zubhAzubha manovRttiyoM ke kAraNa kI vyAkhyA ke prayAsoM meM hI huA hai| sRSTi vaicitrya evaM vaiyatika bhinnatAoM ke kAraNa kI khoja ke ina prayAsoM se vibhinna vicAradhArAyeM astitva meM aayiiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad, aMguttaranikAya aura sUtrakRtAMga meM hameM ina vibhinna vicAradhArAoM kI upasthiti ke saMketa milate haiN| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM ina vicAradhArAoM kI samIkSA bhI kI gaI hai| isa sambandha meM pramukha mAnyatAe~ nimna haiM- 1. kAlavAda yaha siddhAnta sRSTi vaividhya aura vaiyaktika vibhinnatAoM -- - - kA kAraNa kAla ko svIkAra karatA hai| jisakA jo samaya yA kAla hotA hai tabhI vaha ghaTita hotA hai, jaise- apanI Rtu (samaya) Ane para hI vRkSa meM phala lagate haiN| - -- 2. svabhAvavAda - saMsAra meM jo bhI ghaTita hogA yA hotA hai, usakA AdhAra vastuoM kA apanA-apanA svabhAva hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI svabhAva kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA hai| 3. niyativAda-saMsAra kA samagra ghaTanAkrama pUrva niyata hai, jo jisa rUpa meM honA hotA hai vaisA hI hotA hai, use koI anyathA nahIM kara sktaa| 4. yadRcchAvAda kisI bhI ghaTanA kA koI niyata hetu yA kAraNa nahIM hotA hai| samasta ghaTanAe~ mAtra saMyoga kA pariNAma haiN| yadRcchAvAda hetu ke sthAna para saMyoga (Chance) ko pramukha banA detA hai| 5. mahAbhUtavAda samagra astitva ke mUla meM paMcamahAbhUtoM kI sattA rahI hai| saMsAra unake vaividhyamaya vibhinna saMyogoM kA hI pariNAma hai| 6. prakRtivAda vizva vaividhya triguNAtmaka prakRti kA hI khela hai mAnavIya sukha-duHkha bhI prakRti ke hI adhIna hai| 7. IzvaravAda - Izvara hI isa jagat kA racayitA evaM niyAmaka hai, jo kucha bhI hotA hai, vaha saba usakI icchA yA kriyAzakti kA pariNAma hai| 8. puruSavAda- vaiyaktika vibhinnatA aura sAMsArika ghaTanAkrama ke mUla meM puruSa kA puruSArtha hI pramukha hai| vastuta: jagat-vaividhya aura vaiyaktika bhinnatAoM kI tArkika yA ke inhIM prayatnoM meM karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa huA hai jisameM zrurUSavAda kI pramukha bhUmikA rahI hai| karmasiddhAnta uparyukta siddhAntoM kA puruSavAda ke sAtha samanvaya kA prayatna hai| zvetAzvataropaniSad ke prArambha meM hI prazna uThAyA gayA hai ki hama kisake dvArA prerita hokara saMsAra yAtrA kA anuvartana kara rahe haiN| Age RSi yaha jijJAsA prakaTa karatA hai ki kyA kAla, svabhAva niyati yadRcchA, bhUta-yoni athavA puruSa yA ina sabakA saMyoga hI 199 " isakA kAraNa hai| vastutaH ina sabhI vicAradhArAoM meM puruSavAda ko chor3akara zeSa sabhI vizva vaicitrya aura vaiyaktika vaividhya kI vyAkhyA ke lie kisI na kisI bAhya-tathya para hI bala de rahI thiiN| hama inameM se kisI bhI siddhAnta ko mAneM vaividhya kA kAraNa vyakti se bhinna hI mAnanA hogA, kintu aisI sthiti meM vyakti para naitika dAyitva kA AropaNa sambhava nahIM ho pAtA hai| yadi hama jo kucha bhI karate haiM aura jo kucha bhI pAte haiM, usakA kAraNa bAhya tathya hI haiM, to phira hama kisI bhI kArya ke lie naitika dRSTi se uttaradAyI ThaharAye nahIM jA skte| yadi vyakti kAla, svabhAva, niyati athavA Izvara kI icchAoM kA eka sAdhana mAtra hai, to vaha usa kaThaputalI ke samAna hai, jo dUsare ke izAroM para hI kArya karatI hai| kintu aisI sthiti meM puruSa meM icchA - svAtantrya kA abhAva mAnane para naitika uttaradAyitva kI samasyA uThatI hai / sAmAnya manuSya ko naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAna banAne ke lie Avazyaka hai| ki vyakti ko usake zubhAzubha karmoM ke prati uttaradAyI banAyA jA sake aura yaha tabhI sambhava hai jaba usake mana meM vizvAsa ho ki use usakI svatantra icchA se kiye gaye apane hI karmoM kA pariNAma prApta hotA hai| yahI karmasiddhAnta hai| jJAtavya hai ki karmasiddhAnta IzvarIya kRpA yA anugraha ke virodha meM jAtA hai, vaha yaha mAnatA hai ki Izvara bhI karmaphalavyavasthA ko anyathA nahIM kara sakatA hai| karma kA niyama hI sarvopari hai| karmasiddhAnta aura kAryakAraNa kA niyama AcAra ke kSetra meM isa karmasiddhAnta kI utanI hI AvazyakatA hai jitanI vijJAna ke kSetra meM kArya-kAraNa- siddhAnta kii| jisa prakAra kAryakAraNa siddhAnta ke abhAva meM vaijJAnika vyAkhyAyeM asambhava hotI hai, usI prakAra karma siddhAnta ke abhAva meM nItizAstra bhI artha - zUnya ho jAtA hai| - pro0 veMkaTaramaNa ke zabdoM meM karmasiddhAnta kAryakAraNa- siddhAnta ke niyamoM evaM mAnyatAoM kA mAnavIya AcAra ke kSetra meM prayoga hai, jisakI upakalpanA yaha hai ki jagat meM sabhI kucha kisI niyama ke adhIna hai| maiksamUlara likhate haiM ki yaha vizvAsa ki koI bhI acchA burA karma binA phala die samApta nahIM hotA, naitika jagat kA vaisA hI vizvAsa hai, jaisA bhautika jagat meM UrjA kI avinAzitA kA niyama hai| yadyapi karmasiddhAnta evaM vaijJAnika kAryakAraNa siddhAnta meM sAmAnya rUpa se samAnatA pratIta hotI haiM kintu unameM eka maulika antara bhI hai| yaha ki jahA~ kArya-kAraNa siddhAnta kA vivecya jar3a tatva ke kriyAkalApa haiM vahIM karma siddhAnta kA vivecya cetanA sattA ke kriyA-kalApa haiN| ataH karmasiddhAnta meM vaisI pUrNa niyatatA nahIM hotI, jaisI kAryakAraNa siddhAnta meM hotI hai| yaha niyatatA evaM svataMtratA kA samucita saMyoga hai| .
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 karmasiddhAnta kI maulika svIkRti yahIM hai ki pratyeka zubhAzubha kriyA jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa krama kA koI prabhAva yA pariNAma avazya hotA hai| sAtha hI usa karma vipAka yA pariNAma kA bhoktA vahI hotA hai, jo kriyA kA karttA hotA hai aura karma evaM vipAka kI yaha paramparA anAdi kAla se cala rahI hai| karmasiddhAnta kI upayogitA karmasiddhAnta kI vyAvahArika upayogitA yaha hai ki vaha na kevala hameM naitikatA ke prati AsthAvAna banAtA hai, apitu vaha hamAre sukha-duHkha Adi kA srota hamAre vyaktitva meM hI khojakara Izvara evaM prativezI arthAt anya vyaktiyoM ke prati kaTutA kA nivAraNa karatA hai| karmasiddhAnta kI sthApanA kA prayojana yahI hai ki naitika kRtyoM ke anivArya phala ke AdhAra para unake preraka kAraNoM evaM anuvartI pariNAmoM kI vyAkhyA kI jA sake, tathA vyaktiyoM ko azubha vA duSkarmoM se vimukha kiyA jA ske| jaina karmasiddhAnta aura anya darzana aitihAsika dRSTi se vedoM meM upasthita Rta kA siddhAnta karma niyama kA Adi khota hai| yadyapi upaniSadoM ke pUrva ke vaidika sAhitya meM karma siddhAnta kA koI suspaSTa vivecana nahIM milatA, phira bhI usameM upasthita Rta ke niyama kI vyAkhyA isa rUpa meM kI jA sakatI hai| paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ke zabdoM meM karma (jagat vaicitrya kA) kAraNa hai, aisA vAda upaniSadoM kA sarvasammatavAda ho, nahIM kahA jA sktaa| bhAratIya cintana meM karma siddhAnta kA vikAsa jaina, bauddha aura vaidika tInoM paramparAoM meM huA hai| yadyapi yaha eka bhinna bAta hai ki jainoM ne karmasiddhAnta kA jo gaMbhIra vivecana prastuta kiyA vaha anya paramparAoM meM upalabdha nahIM hai" / vaidikoM ke lie jo mahattva Rta kA, mImAMsako ke lie apUrva kA, naiyAyikoM ke lie adRSTa kA, vaidAntiyoM ke lie mAyA kA aura sAMkhyoM ke lie prakRti kA hai, vahI jainoM ke lie karma kA hai| yadyapi sAmAnya dRSTi se dekhane para vedoM kA Rta, mImAMsakoM kA apUrva, naiyAyikoM kA adRSTa, advaitiyoM kI mAyA, sAMkhyoM kI prakRti evaM bauddhoM kI avidyA yA saMskAra paryAyavAcI se lagate haiM, kyoMki vyakti ke bandhana evaM usake sukha-duHkha kI sthitiyoM meM inakI mukhya bhUmikA hai, phira bhI inake svarUpa meM dArzanika dRSTi se antara bhI hai, yaha bAta hameM dRSTigata rakhanI hogii| IsAIdharma aura islAmadharma meM bhI karma-niyama ko sthAna milA hai| phira bhI IzvarIya anugraha para adhika bala dene ke kAraNa unameM karma-niyama ke prati AsthA ke sthAna para Izvara ke prati vizvAsa hI pramukha rahA hai| Izvara kI avadhAraNA ke abhAva ke kAraNa bhArata kI zramaNa paramparA karmasiddhAnta ke prati adhika AsthAvAna rahI, bauddha darzana meM bhI jainoM ke samAna hI karma-niyama ko sarvopari mAnA gyaa| hindUdharma meM bhI IzvarIya vyavasthA ko karma-niyama ke adhIna lAyA gayA, usameM Izvara karma-niyama kA vyavasthApaka hokara bhI usake adhIna hI kArya karatA hai / 200 jaina karmasiddhAnta kA vikAsa kisa krama meM huA, isa prazna kA samAdhAna uttanA sarala nahIM hai, jitanA ki hama samajhate haiN| sAmAnya vizvAsa to yaha hai ki jaina dharma kI taraha yaha bhI anAdi hai, kintu vidvat-varga ise svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| yadi jaina karmasiddhAnta ke vikAsa kA koI samAdhAna denA ho to, vaha jaina Agama evaM karmasiddhAnta sambandhI andhoM ke kAlakrama ke AdhAra para hI diyA jA sakatA hai, isake atirikta anya vikalpa nahIM hai| jaina AgamasAhitya meM AcAeMga prAcInatama hai isa grantha meM jaina karmasiddhAnta kA cAhe vikasita svarUpa upalabdha na ho, kintu usakI mUlabhUta avadhAraNAe~ avazya upasthita haiN| karma se upAdhi yA bandhana hotA hai, karma raja hai, karma kA Astrava hotA hai, sAdhaka ko karmazarIra ko dhuna DAlanA cAhie Adi vicAra usameM parilakSita hote haiN| isase yaha phalita hotA hai ki AcArAMga ke kAla meM karma ko spaSTa rUpa se bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA jAtA thA aura karma ke bhautika pakSa kI svIkRti ke sAtha yaha bhI mAnA jAtA thA ki karma kI nirjarA kI jA sakatI hai| sAtha hI AcArAMga meM zubhAzubha karmoM kA zubhAzubha vipAka hotA hai, yaha avadhAraNA bhI upasthita hai| usake anusAra bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mamatva hai| bandhana se mukti kA upAya mamatva kA visarjana aura samatva kA sarjana hai / sUtrakRtAMga kA prathama zrutaskandha bhI AcArAMga se kiMcita hI paravartI mAnA jAtA hai sUtrakRtAMga ke kAla meM yaha prazna bahucarcita / thA, ki karma kA phala saMvibhAga sambhava hai yA nahIM ? isameM spaSTa rUpa se yaha pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki vyakti apane svakRta karmoM kA hI vipAka anubhava karatA hai| bandhana ke sambandha meM sUtrakRtAMga (1/ 8/2) spaSTa rUpa se kahatA hai ki kucha vyakti karma ko aura kucha akarma ko vIrya (puruSArtha) kahate haiN| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki karma ke sandarbha meM yaha vicAra logoM ke mana meM utpanna ho gayA thA, ki yadi karma hI bandhana hai to phira akarma arthAt niSkriyatA hI bandhana se bacane kA upAya hogA, kintu sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra akarma kA artha niSkriSyatA nahIM hai| isameM pratipAdita hai ki pramAda karma hai aura apramAda akarma hai (1/8/3) / vastutaH kisI kriyA kI bandhakatA usake kriyA rUpa hone para nahIM, apitu usake pIche rahI pramattatA yA apramattatA para nirbhara hai| yahA~ pramAda kA artha hai AtmacetanA (Selfawareness) kA abhaav| jisa AtmA kA viveka jAgRta nahIM haiN| aura jo kaSAvayukta hai, vahIM parisupta yA pramatta hai aura jisakA viveka jAgRta hai aura jo vAsanA mukta hai vahI apramatta hai| sUtrakRtAMga (2/2/1) meM hI hameM kriyAoM ke do rUpoM kI carcA bhI milatI hai1. sAmparAyika aura 2. IryApathika / rAga, dveSa, krodha Adi kaSAyoM se yukta kriyAyeM sAmparAyika kahI jAtI haiM, jabaki inase rahita kriyAyeM IryApathika kahI jAtI haiN| sAmparAyika kriyAyeM bandhaka hotI haiM jabaki IryApathika bandhanakAraka nahIM hotii| isase isa niSkarSa para pahucate haiM ki sUtrakRtAMga meM kauna sA karma bandhana kA kAraNa hogA -
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 201 aura kauna sA karma bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hogA, isakI eka kasauTI pratyeka halacala cAhe vaha mAnasika ho, vAcika ho yA zarIrika ho, prastuta kara dI gaI hai| AcArAMga meM pratipAdita mamatva kI apekSA karma hai| kintu jaina paramparA meM jaba hama 'karma' zabda kA prayoga karate isameM pramattatA aura kaSAya ko bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| haiM, to vahA~ ye kriyAyeM tabhI karma banatI haiM, jaba ye bandhana kA kAraNa yadi hama bandhana ke kAraNoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se vizleSaNa hoN| mImAMsAdarzana meM karma kA tAtparya yajJa-yAga Adi kriyAoM se kareM, to yaha pAte haiM ki prArambha meM mamatva (merepana) ko bandhana kA kAraNa liyA jAtA hai| gItA Adi meM karma kA artha apane varNAzrama ke mAnA gayA, phira AtmavismRti yA pramAda ko| jaba pramAda kI vyAkhyA anusAra kiye jAne vAle karmoM se liyA gayA hai| yadyapi gItA eka kA prazna AyA, to spaSTa kiyA gayA ki rAga-dveSa kI upasthiti hI vyApaka artha meM bhI karma zabda kA prayoga karatI hai| usake anusAra pramAda hai| ataH rAga-dveSa ko bandhana kA kAraNa batAyA gayA hai| inameM manuSya jo bhI karatA hai yA karane kA Agraha rakhatA hai, ve sabhI moha mithyAtva aura kaSAya kA saMyukta rUpa hai| pramAda ke sAtha inameM pravRttiyA~ karma kI zreNI meM AtI haiN| bauddhadarzana meM cetanA ko hI karma avirati evaM yoga ke jur3ane para jaina paramparA meM bandhana ke 5 kAraNa mAne kahA gayA hai| buddha kahate haiM ki --"bhikSuoM karma, cetanA hI hai", jAne lge| samayasAra Adi meM pramAda ko kaSAya kA hI eka rUpa aisA maiM isalie kahatA hU~ ki cetanA ke dvArA hI vyakti karma ko mAnakara bandhana ke cAra kAraNoM kA ullekha milatA hai| inameM yoga karatA hai, kAyA se, mana se yA vANI se14| isa prakAra bauddhadarzana bandhanakAraka hote hue bhI vastuta: jaba taka kaSAya ke sAtha yukta nahIM meM karma ke samutthAna yA kAraka ko hI 'karma' kahA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana hotA hai, bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM banatA hai| ataH prAcIna granthoM meM bandhana meM Age calakara cetanA karma aura cetayitvA karma kI carcA huI hai| ke kAraNoM kI carcA meM mukhya rUpa se rAga-dveSa (kaSAya) evaM moha cetanA karma mAnasika karma hai, cetayitvA karma vAcika evaM kAyika (mithyAdRSTi) kI hI carcA huI hai| karma haiN15| kintu hameM dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jaina karmasiddhAnta meM jaina karmasiddhAnta ke itihAsa kI dRSTi se karmaprakRtiyoM kA karma zabda adhika vyApaka artha meM gRhIta huA hai| usameM mAtra kriyA vivecana bhI mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| karma kI aSTa mUlaprakRtiyoM kA ko hI karma nahIM kahA gayA, apitu usake hetu (kAraNa) ko bhI karma sarva prathama nirdeza hameM RSibhASita ke pArzva nAmaka adhyayana meM upalabdha kahA gayA hai| AcArya devendrasUri likhate haiM--jIva kI kriyA kA hetu hotA hai11| isameM 8 prakAra kI karmagranthiyoM kA ullekha hai| yadyapi vahA~ hI karma hai16| kintu hama mAtra hetu ko bhI kama nahI kaha sakate haiN| inake nAmoM kI koI carcA upalabdha nahIM hotI hai| 8 prakAra kI hetu, usase niSpanna kriyA aura usa kriyA kA pariNAma, sabhI milakara karmaprakRtiyoM ke nAmoM kA spaSTa ullekha hameM uttarAdhyayana ke 33veM jaina darzana meM karma kI paribhASA ko spaSTa karate haiN| paM0 sukhalAla jI adhyAya meM aura sthAnAMga meM milatA hai|12 sthAnAMga kI apekSA bhI saMghavI likhate haiM ki-- mithyAtva, kaSAya Adi kAraNoM se jIva dvArA uttarAdhyayana meM yaha varNana vistRta hai, kyoMki isameM avAntara karma jo kiyA jAtA hai karma kahalAtA hai| merI dRSTi se isake sAtha hI prakRtiyoM kI carcA bhI huI hai| isameM jJAnAvaraNa karma kI 5, darzanAvaraNa sAtha karma meM usa kriyA ke vipAka ko bhI sammilita karanA hogaa| kI 9, vedanIya kI 2, mohanIya kI 2 evaM 28, nAmakarma kI 2 evaM isa prakAra karma ke hetu, kriyA aura kriyA-vipAka, sabhI milakara aneka, AyuSyakarma kI 4, gotrakarma kI 2 aura antarAya karma kI 5 karma kahalAte haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ne karma ke do pakSa mAne haiM--1. avAntara prakRtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai13| Age jo karmasAhitya rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya-- ye sabhI manobhAva, bhAva karma kahe jAte haiN| 2. sambandhI grantha nirmita hue unameM nAmakarma kI prakRtiyoM kI saMkhyA meM karma-pudgala dravyakarma kahe jAte haiN| ye bhAvakarma ke pariNAma hote haiM, aura bhI vRddhi huI, sAtha hI unameM AtmA meM kisa avasthA meM kitanI sAtha hI manojanyakarma kI utpatti kA nimitta kAraNa bhI hote haiN| yaha karmaprakRtiyoM kA udaya, sattA, bandha Adi hote haiM, isakI bhI carcA huii| bhI smaraNa rakhanA hogA ki ye karma hetu (bhAvakarma) aura karmapariNAma vastuta: jaina karmasiddhAnta I.pU. AThavIM zatI se lekara IsvI san kI (dravyakarma) bhI paraspara kArya-kAraNa bhAva rakhate haiN| sAtavIM zatIM taka lagabhaga pandraha sau varSa kI sudIrgha avadhi meM vyavasthita sabhI Astika darzanoM ne eka aisI sattA ko svIkAra hotA rahA hai| yaha eka sunizcita satya hai ki karmasiddhAnta kA jitanA kiyA hai, jo AtmA yA cetanA kI zuddhatA ko prabhAvita karatI hai| gahana vizleSaNa jaina paramparA ke karmasiddhAnta sambandhI sAhitya meM huA, use vedAnta meM mAyA, sAMkhya meM prakRti, nyAyadarzana meM adRSTa evaM usanA anyatra kisI bhI paramparA meM nahIM huA hai| mImAMsA meM apUrva kahA gayA hai| bauddhadarzana meM use hI avidyA aura saMskAra (vAsanA) ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| yogadarzana isI AtmA 'karma' zabda kA artha kI vizuddhatA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti ko karma kahatA hai| jaina jaba hama jaina karmasiddhAnta kI bAta karate haiM, to hameM yaha darzana meM karma ke nimitta kAraNoM ke rUpa meM karma padgala ko bhI smaraNa rakhanA cAhiye ki usameM 'karma' zabda eka vizeSa artha meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, jabaki isake upAdAna ke rUpa meM AtmA ko prayukta huA hai| vaha artha karma ke usa sAmAnya artha kI apekSA hI mAnA gayA haiN| AtmA ke bandhana meM karma pudgala nimitta kAraNa hai adhika vyApaka hai| sAmAnyatayA koI bhI kriyA karma kahalAtI hai, aura svayaM AtmA upAdAna kAraNa hotA hai|
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 202 karma kA bhautika svarUpa hamAre svabhAva meM parivartana kA kAraNa hamAre jaiva-rasAyanoM evaM raktajainadarzana meM karma cetanA se utpanna kriyA mAtra nahIM hai,apitu rasAyanoM kA parivartana hai| usI prakAra karmavargaNAe~ hamAre manovikAroM ke yaha svatantra tattva bhI hai| AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa kyA hai? jaba sRjana meM nimitta kAraNa hotI haiN| puna: jisa prakAra hamAre manobhAvoM ke yaha prazna jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa AyA to unhoMne batAyA ki AdhAra para hamAre jaiva-rasAyana evaM raktarasAyana meM parivartana hotA hai, vaise AtmA ke bandhana kA kAraNa kevala AtmA nahIM ho sktii| vastutaH hI AtmA meM vikArI bhAvoM ke kAraNa jar3a karmavargaNA ke pudgala karma kaSAya (rAga-dveSa) athavA moha (mithyAtva) Adi jo bandhaka manovRttiyA~ rUpa meM pariNita ho jAte haiN| ata: dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma bhI paraspara haiM, ve bhI svata: utpanna nahIM ho sakatIM, jaba taka ki ve pUrvabaddha sApekSa haiN| paM0 sukhalAla jI likhate haiM bhAvakarma ke hone meM dravyakarma, karmavargaNAoM ke vipAka (saMskAra) ke rUpa meM cetanA ke samakSa nimitta hai aura dravyakarma ke hone meM bhAvakarma nimitta hai19| donoM Apasa upasthita nahIM hotI hai| jisa prakAra manovaijJAnika dRSTi se zarIra meM bIjAMkura kI taraha sambaddha haiN| jisa prakAra bIja se vRkSa aura vRkSa se rasAyanoM ke parivartana se saMvega (manobhAva) utpatra hote haiM aura una bIja utpanna hotA hai, unameM kisI ko pUrvApara nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, saMvegoM ke kAraNa hI zarIra-rasAyanoM meM parivartana hotA hai| yahI sthiti vaise inameM bhI kisI kI pUrvAparatA kA nizcaya nahIM ho sakatA hai| pratyeka AtmA kI bhI hai| pUrva karmoM ke kAraNa AtmA meM rAga-dveSa Adi dravyakarma kI apekSA se bhAvakarma pUrva hogA tathA pratyeka bhAvakarma kI manobhAva utpatra (udita) hote haiM aura ina udaya meM Aye manobhAvoM ke apekSA se dravyakarma pUrva hogaa| kriyArUpa pariNita hone para AtmA navIna karmoM kA saMcaya karatA hai| dravyakarma evaM bhAvakarma kI isa avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para bandhana kI dRSTi se karmavargaNAoM ke kAraNa manobhAva utpanna hote haiM jaina-karmasiddhAnta adhika yuktisaMgata bana gayA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta karma aura una manobhAvoM ke kAraNa jar3a karmavargaNAe~ karma kA svarUpa ke bhAvAtmaka pakSa para samucita bala dete hue bhI jar3a aura cetana ke madhya grahaNa kara AtmA ko bandhana meM DAlatI haiN| jaina vicArakoM ke anusAra eka vAstavika sambandha banAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| karma jar3a-jagat evaM ekAnta rUpa se na to AtmA svata: hI bandhana kA kAraNa hai, na cetanA ke madhya eka yojaka kar3I hai| jahA~ eka ora sAMkhya-yoga darzana karmavargaNA ke pudgala hii| donoM nimitta evaM upAdAna ke rUpa meM eka ke anusAra karma-pUrNata: jar3a prakRti se sambandhita hai, ata: unake dUsare se saMyukta hokara hI bandhana kI prakriyA ko janma dete haiN| anusAra vaha prakRti hI hai, jo bandhana meM AtI hai aura mukta hotI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora bauddha darzana ke anusAra karma saMskAra rUpa hai ata: ve dravyakarma aura bhAvakarma caitasika haiN| isalie unheM mAnanA par3A ki cetanA hI bandhana evaM mukti karmavargaNAe~ yA karma kA bhautika pakSa, dravyakarma kahalAtA hai| kA kAraNa hai| kintu jaina vicAraka ina ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM se santuSTa jabaki karma kI caitasika avasthAe~ arthAt manovRttiyA~, bhAvakarma hai| nahIM ho paaye| unake anusAra saMsAra kA artha hai-jar3a aura cetana kA AtmA ke manobhAva yA cetanA kI vividha vikArita avasthAe~ bhAvakarma pArasparika bandhana yA unakI pArasparika prabhAvazIlatA tathA mukti kA haiM aura ye manobhAva jisa nimitta se utpanna hote haiM, vaha pudgala-dravya artha hai-- jar3a evaM cetana kI eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karane kI sAmarthya dravyakarma haiN| AcArya nemicanda gommaTasAra meM likhate haiM ki pudgala kA samApta ho jaanaa| dravyakarma hai aura usakI cetanA ko prabhAvita karane vAlI zakti bhAvakarma hai 17 AtmA meM jo mithyAtva aura kaSAya athavA rAga-dveSa Adi bhAva bhautika evaM abhautika pakSoM kI pArasparika prabhAvakatA haiM, ve hI bhAva karma haiM, aura unakI upasthiti meM karmavargaNA ke jo jina dArzanikoM ne carama-satya ke sambandha meM advaita kI pudgala paramANu jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmaprakRtiyoM ke rUpa meM pariNata hote dhAraNA ke sthAna para dvaita kI dhAraNA svIkAra kI, unake lie yaha prazna haiM, ve hI dravyakarma haiN| dravyakarma kA kAraNa bhAvakarma hai aura bhAvakarma kA banA rahA ki ve donoM tattva eka dUsare ko kisa prakAra prabhAvita karate haiN| kAraNa dravya karma hai| AcArya vidyAnandi ne aSTasahastrI meM dravyakarma ko aneka vicArakoM ne dvaita ko svIkArate hue bhI unake pArasparika sambandha AvaraNa va bhAvakarma ko doSa kahA hai| cUMki dravyakarma Atmazakti ke ko asvIkAra kiyaa| kintu jagat kI vyAkhyA inake pArasparika sambandha prakaTana ko rokatA hai, isalie vaha AvaraNa hai aura bhAva karma svayaM ke abhAva meM sambhava nahIM hai| pazcima meM yaha samasyA dekArta ke sAmane AtmA kI vibhAva avasthA hai, ata: vaha doSa hai 185 karmavargaNA ke prastuta huI thii| dekArta ne isakA hala pArasparika pratikriyAvAda ke pudgala taba taka karma rUpa meM pariNita nahIM hote haiM, jaba taka ye AdhAra para kiyA bhI, kintu spinojA usase santuSTa nahIM hue, unhoMne bhAvakoM dvArA prerita nahIM hote haiN| kintu sAtha hI yaha bhI smaraNa rakhanA prazna uThAyA ki do svatantra sattAoM meM paraspara pratikriyA sambhava kaise hogA ki AtmA meM jo vibhAvadazAe~ haiM, unake nimitta kAraNa ke rUpa hai? ata: spinojA ne pratikriyAvAda ke sthAna para samAnAntaravAda kI meM dravyakarma bhI apanA kArya karate haiN| yaha satya hai ki dUSita manovikAroM sthApanA kii| lAIbinItja ne pUrvasthApita sAmaJjasya kI avadhAraNA kA janma AtmA meM hI hotA hai, kintu usake nimitta (pariveza) ke rUpa prastuta kii2deg| bhAratIya cintana meM bhI prAcIna kAla se isa sambandha meM meM karmavargaNAe~ apanI bhUmikA kA avazya nirvAha karatI haiN| jisa prakAra prayatna hue hai| usameM yaha prazna uThAyA gayA ki liMgazarIra yA karmazarIra
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 203 AtmA ko kaise prabhAvita kara sakatA hai? sAMkhya darzana puruSa aura zarIra se yukta hotA hai, tabhI taka karmavargaNA ke pudgala use prabhAvita prakRti ke dvaita ko svIkAra karake bhI inake pArasparika sambandha ko nahIM kara sakate haiN| AtmA meM pUrva se upasthita karmavargaNA ke pudgala hI samajhA pAyA, kyoMki usane puruSa ko kUTastha nitya mAna liyA thA, bAhya-jagat ke karmavargaNAoM ko AkarSita kara sakate haiN| mukta avasthA kintu jaina darzana ne apane vastuvAdI aura pariNAmavAdI vicAroM ke meM AtmA azarIrI hotA hai ata: use karmavargaNA ke pudgala prabhAvita AdhAra para inakI saphala vyAkhyA kI hai| vaha batAtA hai ki jisa prakAra karane meM samartha nahIM hote haiN| jar3a mAdaka padArtha cetanA ko prabhAvita karate haiM, usI prakAra jar3a karmavargaNAoM kA prabhAva cetana AtmA para par3atA hai, ise svIkAra kiyA karma evaM unake vipAka kI paramparA jA sakatA hai| saMsAra kA artha hai-- jar3a aura cetana kA vAstavika karma evaM unake vipAka kI paramparA se hI yaha saMsAra-cakra smbndh| isa sambandha kI vAstavikatA ko svIkAra kiye binA jagat pravartita hotA hai| dArzanika dRSTi se yaha prazna mahattvapUrNa hai ki karma aura kI vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hai| AtmA kA sambandha kaba se huaa| yadi hama yaha sambandha sAdi arthAt kAla vizeSa meM huA, aisA mAnate haiM, to yaha mAnanA hogA ki usake mUrtakarma kA amUrta AtmA para prabhAva pahale AtmA mukta thA aura yadi mukta AtmA ko bandhana meM Ane kI yaha bhI satya hai ki karma mUrta hai aura ve hamArI cetanA ko sambhAvanA ho to phira mukti kA koI mUlya hI nahIM raha jAtA hai| yadi prabhAvita karate haiN| jaise mUrta bhautika viSayoM kI cetanA vyakti se sambaddha yaha mAnA jAya ki AtmA anAdikAla se bandhana meM hai, to phira yaha hone para sukha-du:kha Adi kA anubhava yA vedanA hotI hai, vaise hI karma mAnanA hogA ki yadi bandhana anAdi hai to vaha ananta bhI hogA, aisI ke pariNAma svarUpa bhI vedanA hotI hai, ata: ve mUrta haiN| kintu dArzanika sthiti meM mukti kI sambhAvanA hI samApta ho jaayegii| dRSTi se yaha prazna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki yadi karma mUrta hai to, vaha jaina dArzanikoM ne isa samasyA kA samAdhAna isa rUpa meM kiyA amUrta AtmA para prabhAva kaise DAlegA? jisa prakAra vAyu aura agni ki karma aura vipAka kI yaha paramparA karma vizeSa kI apekSA se to amUrta AkAza para kisI prakAra kA prabhAva nahIM DAla sakatI hai, usI sAdi aura sAnta hai, kintu pravAha kI apekSA se anAdi aura ananta hai| prakAra karma kA amUrta AtmA para bhI koI prabhAva nahIM honA caahie| punaH karma aura vipAka kI paramparA kA yaha pravAha bhI vyakti vizeSa kI jainadArzanika yaha mAnate haiM ki jaise amUrta jJAnAdi guNoM para mUrta dRSTi se anAdi to hai, ananta nhiiN| kyoMki pratyeka karma apane bandhana madirAdi kA prabhAva par3atA hai, vaise hI amUrta jIva para bhI mUrta karma kA kI dRSTi se sAdi hai| yadi vyakti navIna karmoM kA Agamana roka sake to prabhAva par3atA hai| ukta prazna kA dUsarA tarka-saMgata evaM nirdoSa samAdhAna yaha paramparA svata: hI samApta ho jAyegI, kyoMki karma-vizeSa to sAdi yaha bhI hai ki karma ke sambandha se AtmA kaMthacit mUrta bhI hai| kyoMki hai hI aura jo sAdi hai vaha kabhI samApta hogA hii| saMsArI AtmA anAdikAla se karmadravya se sambaddha hai, isa apekSA se jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra rAga-dveSa rUpI karmabIja ke bhuna AtmA sarvathA amUrta nahIM hai, apitu karma se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa jAne para karma pravAha kI paramparA samApta ho jAtI hai| karma aura vipAka svarUpataH amUrta hote hue bhI vastutaH kathaMcit mUrta hai| isa dRSTi se bhI kI paramparA ke sambandha meM yahI eka aisA dRSTikoNa hai jisake AdhAra AtmA para mUrtakarma kA upaghAta, anugraha aura prabhAva par3atA hai| vastutaH para bandhana kA anAditva va mukti se anAvRtti kI samucita vyAkhyA jisa para karmasiddhAnta kA niyama lAgU hotA hai, vaha vyaktitva amUrta sambhava hai| nahIM hai| hamArA vartamAna vyaktitva zarIra (bhautika) aura AtmA (abhautika) kA eka viziSTa saMyoga hai| zarIrI AtmA bhautika bAhya tathyoM se karmaphalasaMvibhAga kA prazna aprabhAvita nahIM raha sktaa| jaba taka AtmA-zarIra (karma-zarIra) ke kyA eka vyakti apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala dUsare ko de bandhana se mukta nahIM ho jAtI, taba taka vaha apane ko bhautika prabhAvoM sakatA hai yA nahIM athavA dUsare ke karmoM kA phala use prApta hotA hai yA se pUrNatayA aprabhAvita nahIM rakha sktii| mUrta zarIra ke mAdhyama se hI nahIM, yaha dArzanika dRSTi se eka mahattvapUrNa prazna hai| bhAratIya cintana meM usa para mUrtakarma kA prabhAva par3atA hai| hindU paramparA mAnatI hai ki vyakti ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala usake ma AtmA aura karmavargaNAoM meM vAstavika sambandha svIkAra pUrvajoM va santAnoM ko mila sakatA hai| isa prakAra vaha isa siddhAnta ko karane para yaha prazna uThatA hai ki mukta avasthA meM bhI jar3a karmavargaNAe~ mAnatI hai ki karmaphala kA saMvibhAga sambhava hai|21 isake viparIta bauddha AtmA ko prabhAvita kie binA nahIM raheMgI, kyoMki mukti-kSetra meM bhI paramparA kahatI hai ki vyakti ke puNyakarma kA hI saMvibhAga ho sakatA hai, karmavargaNAoM kA astitva to hai hii| isa sandarbha meM jaina AcAryoM kA pApakarma kA nhiiN| kyoMki pApakarma meM usakI anumati nahIM hotI haiN| uttara yaha hai ki jisa prakAra kIcar3a meM rahA lohA jaMga khAtA hai, parantu punaH unake anusAra pApa sImita hotA hai ata: isakA saMvibhAga nahIM ho svarNa nahIM, usI prakAra jar3akarma pudgala usI AtmA ko vikArI banA sakatA, kintu puNya ke aparimita hone se usakA hI saMvibhAga sambhava sakate haiM, jo rAga-dveSa se azuddha hai| vastuta: jaba taka AtmA bhautika hai|22 kintu isa sambandha meM jainoM kA dRSTikoNa bhinna hai, unake anusAra
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa 6 vyakti apane karmoM kA phala vipAka na to dUsaroM ko de sakatA hai aura na dUsare ke zubhAzubha karmoM kA phala use mila sakatA hai| jaina darzanika spaSTa rUpa se yaha kahate haiM ki karma aura usakA vipAka vyakti kA apanA svakRta hotA hai| 13 jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karmaphalasaMvibhAga kA artha samajhane ke lie hameM nimitta kAraNa aura upAdAna kAraNa ke bheda ko samajhanA hogaa| dUsarA vyakti hamAre sukha-duHkha meM aura hama dUsare ke sukha-duHkha meM nimitta ho sakate haiM, kintu bhoktA aura kartA to vahI hotA hai| ataH upAdAna kI dRSTi se to karma aura usakA vipAka arthAt sukha-duHkha kA anubhava svakRta hai| nimitta kI dRSTi se unheM parakRta kahA jA sakatA hai, kintu nimitta apane Apa meM mahattvapUrNa nahIM haiM, kyoMki karma saMkalpa to hamArA apanA hI hotA hai evaM karma ke vipAka kI anubhUti bhI hamArI ho hotI hai| ataH upAdAna kAraNa kI dRSTi se to karma evaM usake vipAka meM saMvibhAga sambhava nahI hai na to dUsarA vyakti hameM sukhI yA duHkhI kara sakatA hai aura na hama dUsare ko sukhI yA duHkhI kara sakate haiN| hama karma kI vibhinna avasthAe~ 24 adhika se adhika dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ke nimitta ho sakate haiN| lekina aisI nimittatA to bhautika padArthoM ke sandarbha meM bhI hotI hai| satya to yaha hai ki karma aura usakA vipAka donoM hI vyakti ke apane hote haiN| karmavipAka kI niyatatA va aniyatatA karmasiddhAnta kI dRSTi se yaha prazna bhI mahattvapUrNa hai ki kyA jina karmoM kA bandha kiyA gayA hai, unakA vipAka vyakti ko bhoganA hI hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karmoM ko do bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-- 1. niyatavipAkI aura 2. aniyatavipAkI / kucha karma aise hote haiM, jinakA jisa phalavipAka ko lekara bandha kiyA gayA hai, usI rUpa meM unake phala ke vipAka kA vedana karanA hotA hai, kintu isake atirikta kucha karma aise bhI hote haiM, jinakA vipAka kA vedana usI rUpa meM nahIM karanA hotA, jisa rUpa meM unakA bandha hotA hai| jaina karmasiddhAnta mAnatA hai ki jo karma tIna kaSAyoM se udbhUta hote haiM unakA bandha bhI pragAr3ha hotA hai aura vipAka bhI niyata hotA hai| pAramparika zabdAvalI meM unheM nikAcita kahate haiN| isake viparIta jina karmoM ke sampAdana ke pIche kaSAyabhAva alpa hotA hai, unakA bandhana zithila hotA hai aura unake vipAka kA saMvedana Avazyaka nahIM hotA hai| ve tapa evaM pazcAtApa ke dvArA apanA phala vipAka diye binA hI samApta ho jAte haiN| 204 kI virodhI dhAraNAoM ke samanvaya ke abhAva meM naitika jIvana kI yathArtha vyAkhyA sambhava nahIM hotI hai| yadi ekAnta rUpa se karmavipAka kI niyatatA ko svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai, to naitika AcaraNa kA cAhe niSedhAtmaka rUpa meM kucha sAmAjika mUlya banA rahe, lekina usakA vidhAyaka mUlya to pUrNatayA samApta ho jAtA hai, kyoMki niyata bhaviSya ke badalane kI sAmarthya naitika jIvana meM nahIM raha pAtI hai| dUsare, yadi karmoM ko pUrNataH aniyatavipAkI mAnA jAye, to naitika vyavasthA kA hI koI artha nahIM raha jAtA hai| vipAka kI pUrNaniyatatA ko mAnane para nirdhAraNavAda aura vipAka kI pUrNa aniyatatA mAnane para anirdhAraNavAda kI sambhAvanA hogI, lekina donoM hI dhAraNAe~ aikAntika rUpa meM naitika jIvana kI samucita vyAkhyA kara pAne meM asamartha haiN| ataH karmavipAka kI AMzika niyatatA hI eka tarkasaMgata dRSTikoNa hai, jo naitika darzana kI samyak vyAkhyA prastuta karatA hai| 3 jaina darzana meM karmoM kI vibhinna avasthAoM para cintana huA hai aura batAyA gayA hai ki karma ke bandha aura vipAka (udaya) ke bIca kona-kauna sI avasthAyeM ghaTita ho sakatI haiM, punaH ve kisa sImA taka AtmasvAtantrya ko kuNThita karatI haiM athavA kisI sImA taka AtmasvAtantrya ko abhivyakta karatI haiM, isakI carcA bhI kI gayI hai ye avasthAe~ nimna haiM- - 1. bandha - kaSAya evaM yoga ke phalasvarUpa karmavargaNA ke pudgaloM kA AtmapradezoM se jo sambandha sthApita hotA hai, use bandha kahate haiN| 2. saMkramaNa - eka karma ke aneka avAntara bheda hote haiN| jaina karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra karma kA eka bheda apane sajAtIya dUsare bheda meM badala sakatA hai avAntara karma prakRtiyoM kA yaha adala-badala saMkramaNa kahalAtA hai| saMkramaNa meM AtmA pUrvabaddha karma prakRti kA navIna karmaprakRti kA bandha karate samaya rUpAntaraNa karatA hai| udAharaNa ke rUpa meM pUrva baddha duHkhada saMvedana rUpa asAtAvedanIya karma kA navIna sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karate samaya sAtAvedanIya karma ke rUpa meM saMkramaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai| saMkramaNa kI yaha kSamatA AtmA kI pavitratA ke sAtha hI bar3hatI jAtI hai| jo AtmA jitanI pavitra hotI hai, usameM saMkramaNa kI kSamatA bhI utanI hI adhika hotI hai| AtmA meM karmaprakRtiyoM ke saMkramaNa kI sAmarthya honA yaha batAtA hai, jahA~ apavitra AtmAe~ paristhitiyoM kI dAsa hotI haiM, vahIM pavitra AtmA paristhitiyoM kI svAmI hotI haiN| yahA~ yaha bhI jJAtavya hai ki prathama to mUla karmaprakRtiyoM kA eka dUsare meM kabhI bhI saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai jaise jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa meM nahIM badalatA hai| mAtra yahI nahIM, darzanamoha karma, cAritramoha karma aura AyuSya karma kI avAntara prakRtiyoM kA bhI paraspara saMkramaNa nahIM hotA hai| vaiyaktika dRSTi se sabhI AtmAoM meM karmavipAka parivartana karane kI kSamatA nahIM hotI hai| kevala ve hI vyakti jo AdhyAtmika UMcAI para sthita haiM, karmavipAka meM parivartana kara sakate haiN| punaH ve bhI una karmoM ke vipAka ko anyathA kara sakate haiM, jinakA bandha aniyatavipAkI karma ke rUpa meM huA hai| niyatavipAkI karmoM kA bhoga to anivArya hai| isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta apane ko niyativAda aura yadRcchAvAda donoM kI ekAMgikatA se bacAtA hai| 3. udvartanA- navIna bandha karate samaya AtmA pUrvabaddha karmoM kI vastutaH karmasiddhAnta meM karmavipAka kI niyatatA aura aniyatatA kAla maryAdA (sthiti) aura tIvratA (anubhAga) ko bar3A bhI sakatA .
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 205 hai| kAla-maryAdA aura tIvratA ko bar3hAne kI yaha prakriyA udvartanA kaSAyoM se mukta hokara AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dizA meM bar3hatA hai, vaha kahalAtI hai| karma ke phala vipAka kI niyatatA ko samApta karane meM sakSama hotA jAtA 4. apavartanA- navIna bandha karate samaya pUrva baddha karmoM kI kAla- hai| karma kitanA balavAna hogA yaha bAta mAtra karma ke bala para nirbhara nahIM maryAdA (sthiti) aura tIvratA (anubhAga) ko kama bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai, apitu AtmA kI pavitratA para bhI nirbhara hai| ina avasthAoM kA hai, ise aparvatanA kahate haiN| citraNa yaha bhI batAtA hai ki karmoM kA vipAka yA udaya eka alaga 5. sattA- karma ke baddha hone ke pazcAt tathA usake vipAka se pUrva sthiti hai tathA unase navIna karmoM kA bandha honA yA na honA yaha eka bIca kI avasthA sattA kahalAtI hai| sattA kAla meM karma astitva meM to alaga sthiti hai| kaSAya-yukta pramatta AtmA karmoM ke udaya meM navIna rahatA hai, kintu vaha sakriya nahIM hotaa| koM kA bandha karatA hai, isake viparIta kaSAya-mukta apramatta AtmA 6. udaya-jaba karma apanA phala denA prArambha karate haiM to vaha avasthA karmoM ke vipAka meM navIna karmoM kA bandha nahIM karatA hai, mAtra pUrvabaddha udaya kahalAtI hai| udaya do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- 1. vipAkodaya karmoM ko nirjarita karatA hai| aura 2. prdeshody| karma kA apanA apane phala kI cetana anubhUti karAye binA hI nirjarita honA pradezodaya kahalAtA hai| jaise acetana karma kA zubhatva aura azubhatva25 avasthA meM zalya kriyA kI vedanA kI anubhUti nahIM hotI, yadyapi karmoM ko sAmAntayA zuddha (akarma), zubha aura azubha, aise vedanA kI ghaTanA ghaTita hotI hai| isI prakAra binA apanI phalAnubhUti tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| tulanAtmaka dRSTi se inheM nimna karavAye jo karma paramANu AtmA se nirjarita hote haiM, unakA udaya tAlikA se spaSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai:pradezodaya hotA hai| isake viparIta jina karmoM kI apane vipAka ke karma jaina bauddha gItA pAzcAtya samaya phalAnubhUti hotI hai unakA udaya vipAkodaya kahalAtA hai| jJAtavya 1. zuddha IryApathika avyaktakarma akarma anaitika karma hai ki vipAkodaya meM pradezodaya anivArya rUpa se hotA hai. lekina 2. zubha puNyakarma kuzala (zukla) karma karma naitika karma pradezodaya meM vipAkodaya ho, yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai| 3. azubha pApa karma akuzala (kRSNa) karma vikarma anaitika karma jaina darzana meM karma ke bandhaka hone ke AdhAra para mukhya rUpa 7. udIraNA- apane niyatakAla se pUrva hI pUrvabaddha karmoM ko prayAsapUrvaka se do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM- 1. IryApathika aura 2. sAmparAyika udaya meM lAkara unake phaloM ko bhoganA, udIraNA hai| jJAtavya hai ki jisa karmaprakRti kA udaya yA bhoga cala rahA ho, usakI sajAtIya karmaprakRti inameM sAmparAyika karma ko puna: do vibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA kI hI udIraNA sambhava hotI hai| hai- (a) azubha (pApa) aura (ba) zubha (punny)| Age hama isI sandarbha meM carcA kreNge| 8. upazamana- udaya meM A rahe karmoM ke phala dene kI zakti ko kucha samaya ke lie dabA denA athavA kAla-vizeSa ke lie unheM phala dene se akSama banA denA upazamana hai| upazamana meM karma kI sattA samApta nahIM azubha yA pApa karma hotI, mAtra use kAla vizeSa ke lie phala dene meM akSama banA diyA jaina AcAryoM ne pApa kI yaha paribhASA dI hai ki- vaiyaktika jAtA hai| isameM karma rAkha se dabI agni ke samAna niSkriya hokara sattA sandarbha meM jo AtmA ko bandhana meM DAleM jisake kAraNa AtmA kA patana meM bane rahate haiN| ho, jo AtmA ke Ananda kA zoSaNa kare aura AtmazaktiyoM kA kSaya 9. nidhatti- karma kI vaha avasthA nidhatti hai, jisameM karma na to na kare, vaha pApa hai26| sAmAjika sandarbha meM jo parapIr3A yA dUsaroM ke apane avAntara bhedoM meM rUpAntarita yA saMkramita ho sakate haiM aura na _du:kha kA kAraNa hai, vaha pApa hai (pApAya prpiiddn)| vastuta: jisa vicAra evaM AcAra se apanA aura para kA ahita ho aura jisase apanA phala pradAna kara sakate haiM, lekina karmoM kI samaya-maryAdA aura aniSTa phala kI prApti ho vaha pApa hai| naitika jIvana kI dRSTi se ve vipAka-tIvratA (parimANa) ko kama adhika kiyA jA sakatA hai arthAt isa avasthA meM utkarSaNa aura apakarSaNa sambhava hai, saMkramaNa nhiiN| __ sabhI karma jo svArtha, ghRNA yA ajJAna ke kAraNa dUsare kA ahita karane 10. nikAcanA- karmoM ke bandhana kA itanA pragAr3ha honA ki unakI / kI dRSTi se kiye jAte haiM, pApa karma haiN| itanA hI nahIM, sabhI prakAra ke -kAla-maryAdA evaM tIvratA meM koI bhI parivartana na kiyA jA sake, na durvicAra aura durbhAvanAe~ bhI pApa karma haiN| samaya se pUrva unakA bhoga hI kiyA jA sake, nikAcanA kahalAtA hai| isa dazA meM karma kA jisa rUpa meM bandhana huA hotA hai, usako usI pApa yA akuzala karmoM kA vagIkaraNa jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pApa karma 18 prakAra ke haiM- 1. rUpa meM anivAryatayA bhoganA par3atA hai| isa prakAra jaina karmasiddhAnta meM karma ke phala vipAka kI prANAtipAta (hiMsA), 2. mRSAvAda (asatya bhASaNa), 3. adattAdAna niyatatA aura aniyatatA ko samyaka prakAra se samanvita karane kA (caurya karma), 4. maithuna (kAma-vikAra), 5. parigraha (mamatva, mUrchA, prayAsa kiyA gayA hai tathA yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaise-jaise AtmA tRSNA yA saMcayavRtti), 6. krodha (gussA), 7. mAna (ahaMkAra), 8. 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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 206 mAyA (kapaTa, chala, SaDyantra aura kUTanIti), 9. lobha (saMcaya yA ko puNyopArjana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai|33 sthAnAMgasUtra meM nau prakAra ke saMgraha vRtti), 10. rAga (Asakti), dveSa (ghRNA, tiraskAra, IrSyA puNya nirUpita hai34Adi), 11. kleza (saMgharSa, kalaha, lar3AI, jhagar3A Adi), 12. 1. annapuNya bhojanAdi dekara kSudhAta kI kSudhA-nivRtti krnaa| abhyAkhyAna (doSAropaNa), 13. pizunatA (cugalI), 14. paraparivAda 2. pAnapuNya tRSA (pyAsa) se pIr3ita vyakti ko pAnI pilaanaa| (paranindA), 15. rati-arati (harSa aura zoka), 16. mAyA-mRSA (kapaTa 3. layanapuNya nivAsa ke lie sthAna denA jaise dharmazAlAe~ sahita asatya bhASaNa), 17. mithyAdarzanazalya (ayathArtha jiivndRsstti)|27 Adi bnvaanaa| 4. zayanapuNya zayyA, bichaunA Adi denaa| puNya (kuzala karma) 5. vastrapuNya vastra kA dAna denaa| puNya vaha hai jisake kAraNa sAmAjika evaM bhautika stara para 6. manapuNya mana se zubha vicAra krnaa| jagat ke maMgala kI samatva kI sthApanA hotI hai| mana, zarIra aura bAhya pariveza meM santulana zubhakAmanA krnaa| banAnA yaha puNya kA kArya hai| puNya kyA hai isakI vyAkhyA meM tattvArthasUtrakAra 7. vacanapuNya prazasta evaM saMtoSa denevAlI vANI kA prayoga kahate haiM- zubhAsrava puNya hai28, lakina puNya mAtra Asrava nahIM hai, krnaa| vaha bandha ora vipAka bhI hai| vaha heya hI nahIM hai, upAdeya bhI hai| ataH 8 kAyapuNya rogI, duHkhita evaM pUjya janoM kI sevA krnaa| aneka AcAryoM ne usakI vyAkhyA dUsare prakAra se kI hai| AcArya 9. namaskArapuNya- gurUjanoM ke prati Adara prakaTa karane ke lie hemacandra puNya kI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki-puNya (azubha) karmoM unakA abhivAdana krnaa| kA lAghava hai aura zubha karmoM kA udaya hai|29 isa prakAra AcArya hemacandra kI dRSTi meM puNya azubha (pApa) karmoM kI alpatA aura zubha puNya aura pApa (zubha aura azubha) kI kasauTI karmoM ke udaya ke phalasvarUpa prApta prazasta avasthA kA dyotaka hai| puNya zubhAzubhatA yA puNya-pApa ke nirNaya ke do AdhAra ho sakate ke nirvANa kI upalabdhi meM sahAyaka svarUpa kI vyAkhyA AcArya haiM- (1) karma kA bAhya-svarUpa arthAt samAja para usakA prabhAva aura abhayadeva kI sthAnAMgasUtra kI TIkA meM milatI hai| AcArya abhayadeva (2) kartA kA abhipraay| ina donoM meM kauna-sA AdhAra yathArtha hai, yaha kahate haiM ki puNya vaha hai jo AtmA ko pavitra karatA hai athavA pavitratA vivAda kA viSaya rahA hai| gItA aura bauddha-darzana meM kartA ke abhiprAya kI ora le jAtA hai|30 AcArya kI dRSTi meM puNya AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko hI kRtyoM kI zubhAzubhatA kA saccA AdhAra mAnA gyaa| gItA spaSTa meM sahAyaka tattva hai| muni suzIla kumAra likhate haiM ki- "puNya rUpa se kahatI hai ki-jisameM kartRtva bhAva nahIM hai, jisakI bRddhi mokSArthiyoM kI naukA ke lie anukUla vAyu hai, jo naukA ko bhavasAgara nirlipta hai, vaha ina saba logoM ko mAra DAleM to bhI yaha samajhanA se zIghra pAra karA detI hai|31 jaina kavi banArasIdAsajI samayasAra cAhie ki usane na to kisI ko mArA hai aura na vaha usa karma se bandhana nATaka meM kahate haiM ki- "jisase bhAvoM kI vizuddhi ho, jisase ko prApta hotA hai|35 dhammapada meM buddha-vacana bhI aisA hI hai (naiSkarmyasthiti AtmA AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI ora bar3hatA hai aura jisase isa saMsAra ko prApta) brAhmaNa mAtA-pitA ko, do kSatriya rAjAoM ko evaM prajAsahita meM bhautika samRddhi aura sukha milatA hai, vahI puNya hai|32 rASTra ko mArakara bhI niSpApa hokara jAtA hai|36 bauddha darzana meM kartA ke jaina tattvajJAna ke anusAra, puNya-karma ve zubha pudgala-paramANu abhiprAya ko hI puNya-pApa kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| isakA pramANa haiM, jo zubhavRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ke kAraNa AtmA kI ora AkarSita sUtrakRtAMgasUtra ke Adraka samvAda meM bhI milatA hai|37 jahA~ taka jaina ho bandha karate haiM aura apane vipAka ke avasara para zubha adhyavasAyoM, mAnyatA kA prazna hai, vidvAnoM ke anusAra usameM bhI kartA ke abhiprAya zubha vicAroM evaM kriyAoM kI ora prerita karate haiM tathA AdhyAtmika, ko hI karma kI zubhAzubhatA kA AdhAra mAnA gayA hai| muni suzIlakumArajI mAnasika evaM bhautika anukUlatAoM ke saMyoga prastuta kara dete haiN| jainadharma pR.160 para likhate haiM, "zubha-azubha karma ke bandha kA mukhya AtmA kI ve manodazAe~ evaM kriyAe~ bhI puNya kahalAtI haiM jo zubha AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI haiN| eka DaoNkTara kisI ko pIr3A pahuMcAne ke lie pudgala paramANu ko AkarSita karatI haiN| sAtha hI dUsarI ora ve pudgala- usakA vraNa cIratA hai| usase cAhe rogI ko lAbha hI ho jAye parantu paramANu jo una zubha vRttiyoM evaM kriyAoM ko prerita karate haiM aura DaoNkTara to pApa-karma ke bandha kA hI bhAgI hogaa| isake viparIta vahI apane prabhAva se Arogya, sampatti evaM samyak zraddhA, jJAna evaM saMyama ke DaoNkTara karuNAmaya apanI zubha-bhAvanA ke kAraNa puNya kA bandha karatA avasara upasthita karate haiM, puNya kahe jAte haiN| zubha manovRttiyA~ bhAvapuNya hai|" paMDita sukhalAlajI bhI yahI kahate haiM, puNya-bandha kI kasauTI haiM aura zubha-pudgala-paramANu dravyapuNya haiN| kevala UparI kriyA nahIM hai, kintu usakI yathArtha kasauTI kartA kA Azaya hI hai (darzana aura cintana khaNDa 2.pR.226)| puNya yA kuzala karmoM kA vargIkaraNa isa prakAra yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina dharma meM bhI karmoM kI bhagavatIsUtra meM anukampA, sevA, paropakAra Adi zubha-pravRttiyoM zubhAzubhatA ke nirNaya kA AdhAra manovRttiyAM hI haiM, phira bhI usameM
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 207 karma kA bAhya-svarUpa apekSita nahIM hai| nizcayadRSTi se to manovRttiyA~ hI karmoM kI zubhAzubhatA kI nirNAyaka haiM, phira bhI vyavahAradRSTi se mAne, yA karma ke samAja para hone vo pariNAma ko, donoM sthitiyoM meM karma kA bAhya-svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga kisa prakAra kA karma puNya-karma yA ucita karma kahA jAyegA, isa prazna (2/6) meM AdrakakumAra bauddhoM kI ekAMgI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate para vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai| sAmAnyatayA bhAratIya hue kahate haiM ki jo mAMsa khAtA ho- cAhe na jAnate hue bhI khAtA cintana meM puNya-pApa kI vicAraNA ke sandarbha meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI ho- to bhI usako pApa lagatA hI hai| hama jAnakara nahIM khAte, pramukha hai| jahAM karma-akarma kA vicAra vyakti-sApekSa hai, to vaiyaktika isalie doSa (pApa) nahIM lagatA, aisA kahanA asatya nahIM to kyA karma-preraka yA vaiyaktika cetanA kI vizuddhatA (vItarAgatA) hI hamAre hai? isase spaSTa hai ki jaina dRSTi meM manovRtti ke sAtha hI karmoM kA nirNaya kA AdhAra banatI hai| lekina jaba hama puNya-pApa kA vicAra bAhya-svarUpa bhI zubhAzubhatA kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| vAstava meM karate haiM to samAjakalyANa yA lokahita hI hamAre nirNaya kA AdhAra sAmAjika dRSTi yA loka-vyavahAra meM to yahI pramukha nirNAyaka hotA hotA hai| vastuta: bhAratIya cintana meM jIvanAdarza to zubhAzubhatva kI hai| sAmAjika nyAya meM to karma kA bAhya svarUpa hI usakI zubhAzubhatA sImA se Upara uThanA hai| usa sandarbha meM vItarAga yA anAsakta jIvanadRSTi kA nizcaya karatA hai, kyoMki Antarika vRtti ko vyakti svayaM jAna kA nirmANa hI vyakti kA parama sAdhya mAnA gayA hai aura vahI karma ke sakatA hai, dUsarA nhiiN| jaina dRSTi ekAgI nahIM hai, vaha samanvayavAdI bandhana yA abandhana kA AdhAra hai, lekina zubha aura azubha donoM meM hI aura sApekSavAdI hai| vaha vyakti-sApekSa hokara manovRtti ko karmoM kI rAga to hotA hI hai, rAga ke abhAva meM to karma zubhAzubha se Upara uThakara zubhAzubhatA kA nirNAyaka mAnatI hai aura samAja-sApekSa hokara karmoM atinaitika (zuddha) hogaa| zubhAzubha karmoM meM pramukhatA rAga kI upasthiti ke bAhya svarUpa para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatI haiN| usameM yA anupasthiti kI nahIM, varan usakI prazastatA yA aprazastatA kI hai| dravya (bAhya) aura bhAva (Antarika) donoM kA mUlya haiN| yoga (bAhya prazasta-rAga zubha yA puNyabandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura aprazastakriyA) aura bhAva (manovRtti) donoM hI bandhana ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM, rAga azubha yA pApabandha kA kAraNa hai| rAga kI prazastatA usameM dveSa kI yadyapi usameM manovRtti zubha ho aura kriyA azubha ho, yaha sambhava kamI ke AdhAra para nirbhara karatI hai| yadyapi rAga aura dveSa sAtha-sAtha nhiiN| mana meM zubha bhAva ho to pApAcaraNa sambhava nahIM hai| vaha eka rahate haiM, tathApi jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI mAtrA jitanI alpa aura samAlocaka dRSTi se kahatI hai ki mana meM zubha bhAva ho to pApAcaraNa manda hogI vaha rAga utanA prazasta hogA aura jisa rAga ke sAtha dveSa kI satya ko samajhate hue bhI bAhara se dUsarI bAteM (azubhAcaraNa) karanA dveSavihIna rAga yA prazastarAga hI niSkAma prema kahA jAtA hai| kyA saMyamI puruSoM kA lakSaNa hai? usakI dRSTi meM siddhAnta aura usa prema se parArtha yA paropakAravRtti kA udaya hotA hai jo zubha kA sRjana vyavahAra meM antara AtmapravaMcanA hai| mAnasika hetu para hI jora dene karatI hai| usI se loka-maMgalakArI pravRttiyoM ke rUpa meM puNya-karma vAlI dhAraNA kA nirasana karate hue sUtrakRtAMga (1/1/24-29) meM nissRta hote haiM, jabaki dveSayukta aprazasta rAga hI ghRNA ko janma dekara kahA gayA hai, karma-bandhana kA satya jJAna nahIM batAne vAle isa vAda svArtha-vRtti kA vikAsa karatA hai| usase azubha, amaMgalakArI pApakarma ko mAnane vAle kitane hI loga saMsAra meM phaMsate rahate haiM kyoMki pApa nissRta hote haiN| saMkSepa meM jisa karma ke pIche prema aura parArtha hotA hai, lagane ke tIna sthAna haiM- svayaM karane se, dUsare se karAne se, dUsaroM vaha puNya karma hai aura jisa karma ke pIche ghRNA aura svArtha hotA hai, vaha ke kArya kA anumodana karane se| parantu yadi hRdaya pApa-mukta ho to pApa karma hai| ina tInoM ke karane para bhI nirvANa avazya mile| yaha vAda ajJAna hai, jaina AcAradarzana puNya karmoM ke vargIkaraNa meM jina tathyoM para mana se pApa ko pApa samajhate hue jo doSa karatA hai, use nirdoSa nahIM adhika jora detA hai ve sabhI samAja-sApekSa haiN| vastuta: zubha-azubha ke mAnA jA sakatA, kyoMki vaha saMyama (vAsanA-nigraha) meM zithila hai| vargIkaraNa meM sAmAjika dRSTi hI pradhAna hai| bhAratIya cintakoM kI dRSTi meM parantu bhogAsakta loga ukta bAteM mAnakara pApa meM par3e haiN| puNya aura pApa ke samagra cintana kA sAra nimna kathana meM samAyA huA pAzcAtya AcAradarzana meM bhI sukhavAdI dArzanika karma kI hai ki 'paropakAra puNya hai aura parapIr3ana pApa hai|' jaina vicArakoM ne phalazruti ke AdhAra para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karate haiM, jaba ki puNya-bandha ke dAna, sevA Adi jina kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA hai mArTinyU karmapreraka para unakI zubhAzubhatA kA nizcaya karatA hai| jaina unakA pramukha sambandha sAmAjika kalyANa yA loka maMgala se hai| isI darzana ke anusAra ina donoM pAzcAtya vicAraNAoM meM apUrNa satya hai-- prakAra pApa ke rUpa meM jina tathyoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, ve sabhI eka kA AdhAra lokadRSTi hai tathA dUsarI kA AdhAra paramArtha-dRSTi yA loka amaMgalakArI tattva haiN|38 isa prakAra jahA~ taka zubha-azubha yA zuddha-dRSTi hai| eka vyAvahArika satya hai aura dUsarA pAramArthika sty| puNya-pApa ke vargIkaraNa kA prazna hai, hameM sAmAjika sandarbha meM use naitikatA vyavahAra se paramArtha kI ora prayANa hai, ata: usameM donoM kA dekhanA hogA, yadyapi bandhana kI dRSTi se vicAra karate samaya kartA ke hI mUlya hai| Azaya ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sktaa|
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 208 sAmAjika jIvana meM AcaraNa ke zubhatva kA AdhAra puNya-pApa donoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahakara donoM ke bandhakatva kA yaha satya hai ki karma ke zubhatva aura azubhatva kA nirNaya antara bhI spaSTa kara dete haiN| samayasAra meM ve kahate hai ki- azubha anya prANiyoM yA samAja ke prati kie gaye vyavahAra athavA dRSTikoNa karma pApa (kuzIla) aura zubha karma puNya (suzIla) kahe jAte haiM, ke sandarbha meM hotA hai, lekina anya prANiyoM ke prati hamArA kauna-sA phira bhI puNya karma evaM pApa karma donoM hI saMsAra (bandhana) kA kAraNa vyavahAra yA dRSTikoNa zubha hogA aura kauna-sA azubha hogA isakA hai jisa prakAra svarNa kI ber3I bhI lauha-ber3I ke samAna hI vyakti ko nirNaya kisa AdhAra para kiyA jAye? bhAratIya cintana ne isa sandarbha meM bandhana meM rakhatI hai, usI prakAra jIvakRta sabhI zubhAzubha karma bhI jo kasauTI pradAna kI hai, vaha yahI hai ki jaisA vyavahAra hama apane lie bandhana ke kAraNa haiN|44 phira bhI AcArya puNya ko svarNa-ber3I pratikUla samajhate haiM vaisA AcaraNa dUsare ke prati nahIM karanA aura jaisA kahakara usakI pApa se kiMcita zreSThatA siddha kara dete haiN| AcArya vyavahAra hameM anukUla hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA yahI amRtacandra kA kahanA hai ki pAramArthika dRSTi se puNya aura pApa domeM zubhAcaraNa hai| isake viparIta jo vyavahAra hameM apane lie pratikUla meM bheda nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kyoMki antatogatvA donoM hI bandhana lagatA hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsare ke prati karanA aura jaisA vyavahAra hameM haiN|45 yahI bAta paM. jayacandrajI bhI kahate haiMapane lie anukUla lagatA hai vaisA vyavahAra dUsaroM ke prati nahIM karanA puNya pApa doU karama, banyarUpa duI maani| azubhAcaraNa hai| bhAratIya RSiyoM kA yahI saMdeza hai| saMkSepa meM sabhI zuddha AtmA jina layo, nabhu carana hita jaani||46 prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hI vyavahAra ke zubhatva kA pramANa hai| jainAcAryoM ne puNya ko nirvANa kI dRSTi se heya mAnate hue bhI prANiyoM ke prati Atmavat dRSTi hai, vahI naitika karmoM kA sraSTA hai| lie antatogatvA puNya ko tyAganA hI hotA hai, phira bhI vaha nirvANa dazavaikAlikasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki samasta prANiyoM ko jo apane meM ThIka usI prakAra sahAyaka hai jaise sAbuna vastra ke maila ko sApha karane samAna samajhatA hai aura jisakA sabhI ke prati samabhAva hai, vaha pApa-karma meM sahAyaka hai phira bhI use alaga karanA hotA hai, vaise hI nirvANa yA kA bandha nahIM krtaa|39 sUtrakRtAMga ke anusAra bhI dharma-adharma (zubhAzubhatva) zuddhAtma-dazA meM puNya kA honA bhI anAvazyaka hai, use bhI chor3anA ke nirNaya meM apane samAna dUsare ko samajhanA caahie|40 hotA hai| jisa prakAra sAbuna mala ko dUra karatA hai aura maila chUTane para svayaM alaga ho jAtA hai, vaise hI puNya bhI pAparUpa mala ko alaga zubha aura azubha se zuddha kI ora karane meM sahAyaka hotA hai| ata: vyakti jaba azubha (pApa) karma se Upara jaina dRSTikoNa- jaina vicAraNA meM zubha-azubha athavA maMgala- uTha jAtA hai, taba usakA zubha karma bhI zuddha bana jAtA hai| dveSa para pUrNa amaMgala kI vAstavikatA svIkAra kI gayI hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke vijaya pA jAne para rAga bhI nahIM rahatA hai, ata: rAga-dveSa ke abhAva meM anusAra tattva nau haiM jiname puNya aura pApa svatantra tattva haiN| 1 tattvArthasUtrakAra usase jo karma nissRta hote haiM, ve zuddha (IryApathika) hote haiN| jainAcAradarzana umAsvAti ne jIva, ajIva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, bandha aura mokSa ye meM rAga-dveSa se rahita hokara kiyA gayA zuddha kArya hI mokSa yA nirvANa sAta tattva ginAye haiM, inameM puNya aura pApa ko nahIM ginAyA hai|42 kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai aura AsaktipUrvaka kiyA gayA zubha kArya bhI lekina yaha vivAda mahattvapUrNa nahIM kyoMki jo paramparA unheM svataMtra tattva bandhana kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| yahA~ para gItA kA anAsakta karma-yoga nahIM mAnatI hai vaha bhI unako Asrava tattva ke antargata mAna letI hai| jaina darzana ke atyanta samIpa A jAtA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra yadyapi puNya aura pApa mAtra Asrava nahIM hai, varan unakA bandha bhI hotA AtmA kA lakSya azubha karma se zubha karma kI ora aura zubhakarma se hai aura vipAka bhI hotA hai| ata: Asrava ke zubhAsrava aura azubhAsrava zuddhakarma (vItarAga dazA) kI prApti hai| Atma kA zuddhopayoga hI jaina ye do vibhAga karane se kAma nahIM banatA, balki bandha aura vipAka meM bhI dharma kA antima sAdhya hai| do-do bheda karane hoNge| isa kaThinAI se bacane ke lie hI pApa evaM puNya ko svataMtra tattvoM ke rUpa meM gina liyA gayA hai| zuddha karma (akarma) phira bhI jaina vicAraNA nirvANa-mArga ke sAdhaka ke lie zuddha karma vaha jIvana-vyavahAra hai, jisameM kriyAe~ rAga-dveSa se donoM ko heya aura tyAjya mAnatI haiM, kyoMki donoM hI bandhana ke rahita mAtra kartavyabuddhi se sampAdita hotI haiM tathA jo AtmA ko bandhana kAraNa haiN| vastuta: naitika jIvana kI pUrNatA zubhAzubha yA puNya-pApa meM nahIM ddaaltiiN| abandhaka karma hI zuddhakarma haiN| jaina AcAradarzana isa se Upara uTha jAne meM hai| zubha (puNya) aura azubha (pApa) kA bheda jaba prazna para gaharAI se vicAra karatA haiM ki AcaraNa (kriyA) evaM bandhana meM taka banA rahatA hai, naitika pUrNatA nahIM aatii| azubha para pUrNa vijaya kyA sambandha hai? kyA 'karmaNA badhyate jantuH' kI ukti sarvAzata: satya ke sAtha hI vyakti zubha (puNya) se bhI Upara uThakara zuddha dazA meM hai? eka to karma yA kriyA ke sabhI rUpa bandhana kI dRSTi se samAna nahIM sthita ho jAtA hai| RSibhASita sUtra meM RSi kahatA hai ki pUrvakRta haiM phira yaha bhI sambhava hai ki AcaraNa evaM kriyA ke hote hue bhI koI puNya aura pApa saMsAra saMtati kA mUla hai43| AcArya kundakunda bandhana nahIM ho| lekina yaha nirNaya kara pAnA ki bandhaka karma kyA hai
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 209 aura abandhaka karma kyA hai, atyanta kaThina hai| gItA kahatI hai ki karma karane kA prayAsa karate haiM ki 'karma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA evaM (bandhaka karma) kyA hai aura akarma (abandhaka karma) kyA hai, isake akarma kA artha zarIrAdi kI ceSTA kA abhAva' aisA nahIM mAnanA caahie| viSaya meM vidvAn bhI mohita ho jAte haiN|47 karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ke ve atyanta sImita zabdoM meM kahate haiM ki pramAda karma hai, apramAda akarma jJAna kA viSaya atyanta gahana hai| yaha karma-samIkSA kA viSaya atyanta hai|51 aisA kahakara mahAvIra yaha spaSTa kara dete haiM ki akarma niSkrayatA gahana aura duSkara kyoM hai, isa prazna kA uttara hameM jainAgama sUtrakRtAMga meM nahIM, vaha to satat jAgarUkatA hai| apramatta avasthA yA Atma-jAgRti bhI milatA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki karma, kriyA yA AcaraNa samAna kI dazA meM kriyAzIlatA bhI akarma ho jAtI hai, jabaki pramatta dazA yA hone para bhI bandhana kI dRSTi se ve bhinna-bhinna prakRti ke ho sakate haiN| Atma-jAgRti ke abhAva meM niSkriyatA bhI karma (bandhana) bana jAtI hai| mAtra AcaraNa, karma yA puruSArtha ko dekhakara yaha nirNaya denA sambhava nahIM vastuta: kisI kriyA kA bandhakatva mAtra kriyA ke ghaTita hone meM nahIM, ki vaha naitika dRSTi se kisa prakAra kA hai| jJAnI aura ajJAnI donoM hI varan usake pIche rahe hue kaSAya-bhAvoM evaM rAga-dveSa kI sthiti para samAna vIratA ko dikhAte hue (arthAt samAnarUpa se karma karate hue) bhI nirbhara hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra, rAga-dveSa evaM kaSAya (jo ki AtmA adhUre jJAnI aura sarvathA ajJAnI kA, cAhe jitanA parAkrama (puruSArtha) kI pramatta dazA haiM) hI kisI kriyA ko karma banA dete haiM, jabaki kaSAya ho, para vaha azuddha hai aura karma-bandha kA kAraNa hai, parantu jJAna evaM evaM Asakti se rahita hokara kiyA huA karma akarma bana jAtA hai| bodha sahita manuSya kA parAkrama zuddha hai aura usakA kucha phala nahIM mahAvIra ne spaSTa rUpa se kahA hai ki- jo Asrava yA bandhana kAraka bhoganA pdd'taa| yogya rIti se kiyA huA tapa bhI yadi kIrti kI icchA kriyAe~ haiM, ve hI anAsakti evaM viveka se samanvita hokara mukti kA se kiyA gayA ho to zuddha nahIM hotaa|48 bandhana kI dRSTi se karma kA sAdhana bana jAtI hai|52 isa prakAra jaina vicAraNA meM karma aura akarma vicAra usake bAhya-svarUpa ke AdhAra para hI nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, apane bAhya-svarUpa kI apekSA kartA ke viveka aura manovRtti para nirbhara usameM kartA kA prayojana, kartA kA viveka evaM dezakAlagata paristhitiyA~ hote haiN| bhI mahattvapUrNa haiM aura karmoM kA aisA sarvAMgapUrNa vicAra karane meM vidvat varga bhI kaThinAI meM par3a jAtA hai| karma meM kartA ke prayojana ko, jo ki IryApathika karma aura sAmparAyika karma53 eka Antarika tathya hai, jAna pAnA sahaja nahIM hotaa| jaina darzana meM bandhana kI dRSTi se kriyAoM ko do bhAgoM meM lekina, kartA ke lie jo ki apanI manodazA kA jJAtA bhI bA~TA gayA hai--(1) IryApathika kriyAe~ (akarma) aura (2) sAmprarAyika hai, yaha Avazyaka hai ki karma aura akarma kA yathArtha svarUpa samajhe, kriyAe~ (krm)| IryApathika kriyAe~ niSkAma vItarAgadRSTisampanna vyakti kyoMki usake abhAva meM mukti sambhava nahIM hai| kRSNa arjuna se kahate haiM kI kriyAe~ haiM, jo bandhanakAraka nahIM hai aura sAmparAyika kriyAe~ ki- maiM tujhe karma ke usa rahasya ko batAU~gA jise jAnakara tU mukta Asakta vyakti kI kriyAe~ haiM, jo bandhanakAraka haiN| saMkSepa meM ve ho jaayegaa|49 naitika vikAsa ke lie bandhaka aura abandhaka karma ke samasta kriyAe~ jo Asrava evaM bandha kI kAraNa haiM, karma haiM aura ve yathArtha svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| bandhana kI dRSTi se karma ke samasta kriyAe~ jo saMvara evaM nirjarA kI hetu haiM, akarma haiN| jaina dRSTi yathArtha svarUpa ke sambandha meM jaina, bauddha tathA gItA ke AcAradarzanoM kA meM akarma yA IryApathika karma kA artha hai--rAga-dveSa evaM moha rahita dRSTikoNa nimnAnusAra hai hokara mAtra karttavya athavA zarIra-nirvAha ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA krm| karma kA artha hai--rAga-dveSa aura moha se yukta karma, vaha bandhana jaina darzana meM karma-akarma vicAra meM DAlatA hai, isalie vaha karma hai| jo kriyA vyApAra rAga-dveSa aura karma ke yathArtha svarUpa ko samajhane ke lie usa para do moha se rahita hokara kartavya yA zarIranirvAha ke lie kiyA jAtA hai, dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai| (1) usakI bandhanAtmaka zakti vaha bandhana kA kAraNa nahIM hai, ata: akarma hai| jinheM jaina darzana meM ke AdhAra para aura (2) usakI zubhAzubhatA ke AdhAra pr| bandhanAtmaka IryApathika kriyAe~ yA akarma kahA gayA hai, unheM bauddha paramparA zakti ke AdhAra para vicAra karane para hama pAte haiM ki kucha karma bandhana anupacita, avyakta yA akRSNa-azukla karma kahatI hai aura jinheM meM DAlate haiM, aura kucha karma bandhana meM nahIM DAlate haiN| bandhaka karmoM ko jaina-paramparA sAmparAyika kriyAe~ yA karma kahatI hai, unheM bauddha karma aura abandhaka karmoM ko akarma kahA jAtA hai| jaina darzana meM karma paramparA upacita karma yA kRSNa-zukla karma kahatI haiN| isa sambandha meM aura akarma ke yathArtha svarUpa kA vivecana hameM sarvaprathama AcArAMga evaM vistAra se vicAra karanA Avazyaka hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM milatA hai| sUtrakRtAMga meM kahA gayA hai ki karma aura akarma ko vIrya (puruSArtha) kahate haiN|5deg isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki kucha bandhana ke kAraNoM meM mithyAtva aura kaSAya kI pramukhatA kA prazna54 vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM sakriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai, jabaki jaina karmasiddhAnta ke udbhava va vikAsa kI carcA karate hue dUsare vicArakoM kI dRSTi meM niSkriyatA hI puruSArtha yA naitikatA hai| isa hamaneM bandhana ke pA~ca sAmAnya kAraNoM kA ullekha kiyA thaa| vaise sambandha meM mahAvIra apane dRSTikoNa ko prastuta karate hue yaha spaSTa jaina granthoM meM bhinna-bhinna karmoM ke bandhana ke bhinna-bhinna kAraNoM kI
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________________ 210 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 vistRta carcA bhI upalabdha hotI hai| kintu sAmAnya rUpa se bandhana ke sAmAnyatayA lobha (rAga), dveSa evaM moha ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA 5 kAraNa mAne gae haiM-1. mithyAtva 2. avirati 3. pramAda 4. hai| boddha paramparA meM bhI inako paraspara sApekSa hI mAnA gayA hai| moha ko kaSAya aura 5. yog| bauddha paramparA meM avidyA bhI kahA gayA hai| bauddha vicAraNA yaha mAnatI .. ina pA~ca kAraNoM meM yoga ko arthAt mAnasika, vAcika va hai ki avidyA (moha) ke kAraNa tRSNA (rAga) hotI hai aura tRSNA ke zArIrika kriyAoM ko bandhana kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai, kintu hameM smaraNa kAraNa moha hotA hai| AcArya narendradeva likhate haiM- lobha evaM dveSa kA rakhanA cAhie ki yadi pUrva ke cAra kA abhAva ho, to mAtra yoga se hetu moha hai, kintu paryAya se lobha va moha bhI dveSa ke hetu haiN| bauddha karmavargaNAoM kA Asrava hokara, jo bandha hogA, vaha IryApathika bandha darzana meM bhI jaina darzana ke samAna hI avidyA aura tRSNA ko anyonyAzrita kahalAtA hai| usake sandarbha meM kahA gayA hai usakA prathama samaya meM bandha mAnA gayA hai aura kahA gayA hai ki inameM se kisI kI bhI pUrva koTi hotA hai aura dUsare samaya meM nirjarA ho jAtI hai| IryApathika bandha ThIka nirdhArita karanA sambhava nahIM hai| sAMkhya evaM yoga darzana meM kleza yA vaisA hI hai, jaise calate samaya zubhra ArdratA se rahita kapar3e para gire hue bandhana ke 5 kAraNa haiM--avidyA, asmitA (ahaMkAra), rAga, dveSa, bAlU ke kaNa, jo gati kI prakriyA meM hI Ate haiM aura phira alaga bhI abhinivesh| inameM bhI avidyA pramukha hai| zeSa cAroM usI para AdhArita ho jAte haiN| vastuta: yaha bandha vAstavika bandha nahIM hai| ata: hama samajhate haiN| nyAya darzana bhI jaina aura bauddhoM ke samAna hI rAga-dveSa evaM moha ko haiM ki ina 5 kAraNoM meM yoga mahattvapUrNa kAraNa nahIM hai| yadyapi avirati, bandhana kA kAraNa mAnatA hai| isa prakAra lagabhaga sabhI darzana prakArAntara pramAda evaM kaSAya ko alaga-alaga kAraNa kahA gayA hai, kintu inameM se rAga-dveSa evaM moha (mithyAtva) ko bandhana kA kAraNa mAnate haiN| bhI bahuta antara nahIM hai| jaba hama pramAda ko vyApaka artha meM lete haiM taba kaSAyoM kA antarbhAva pramAda meM ho jAtA hai| dUsare kaSAyoM kI upasthiti bandhana ke cAra prakAroM se bandhanoM ke kAraNa kA sambandha55 meM hI pramAda sambhava hotA hai| unakI anupasthiti meM pramAda sAmAnyatayA jaina karma siddhAnta meM bandhana ke cAra prArUpa kahe gae hai:- 1. to rahatA hI nahIM hai aura yadi rahe bhI to ati nirbala hotA hai| isI prakRti bandha, 2. pradeza bandha, 3. sthiti bandha, evaM 4. anubhAga bndh| prakAra avirati ke mUla meM bhI kaSAya hI hote haiN| yadi hama kaSAya ko 1. prakRtibandha-bandhana ke svabhAva kA nirdhAraNa prakRti bandha karatA vyApaka artha meM leM to avirati aura pramAda donoM usI meM antarbhAvita hai| yaha, yaha nizcaya karatA hai ki karmavargaNA ke pudgala AtmA kI jJAna, ho jAte haiN| ata: bandhana ke do hI pramukha kAraNa zeSa rahate haiM- darzana Adi kisa zakti ko AvRta kreNge| mithyAtva aura kssaay| 2. pradeza bandha- yaha karmaparamANuoM kI AtmA ke sAtha saMyojita mithyAtva evaM kaSAya meM kauna pramukha kAraNa hai, yaha vartamAna hone vAlI mAtrA kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| ata: yaha mAtrAtmaka hotA hai| yuga meM eka bahucarcita viSaya hai| isa sandarbha meM pakSa va pratipakSa meM 3. sthitibandha-karmaparamANu kitane samaya taka AtmA se saMyojita paryApta lekha likhe gaye haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgarajI evaM unake samarthaka raheMge aura kaba nirjarita hoMge, isa kAla-maryAdA kA nizcaya sthiti-bandha vidvat varga kA kahanA hai ki mithyAtva akiMcitakara hai aura kaSAya hI karatA hai| ata: yaha bandhana kI samaya-maryAdA kA sUcaka hai| bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai, kyoMki kaSAya kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hI 4. anubhAgabandha- karmoM ke bandhana aura vipAka kI tIvratA evaM mithyAtva hotA hai| kAnajIsvAmI samarthaka dUsare varga kA kahanA hai ki mandatA kA nizcaya karanA, yaha anubhAga bandha kA kArya hai| dUsare zabdoM mithyAtva hI bandhana kA pramukha kAraNa hai| vastuta: yaha vivAda apane- meM yaha bandhana kI tIvratA yA gahanatA kA sUcaka hai| apane ekAMgI dRSTikoNoM ke kAraNa hai| kaSAya aura mithyAtva ye donoM uparokta cAra prakAra ke bandhanoM meM prakRti bandha evaM pradeza bandha hI anyonyAzrita haiN| kaSAya ke abhAva meM mithyAtva kI sattA nahIM rahatI kA sambandha mukhyatayA yoga arthAt kAyika, vAcika evaM mAnasika aura na mithyAtva ke abhAva meM kaSAya hI rahate haiN| mithyAtva tabhI samApta kriyAoM se hai, jabaki bandhana kI tIvratA (anubhAga) evaM samayAvadhi hotA hai, jaba anantAnubandhI kaSAyeM samApta hotI haiM aura kaSAyeM bhI tabhI (sthiti) kA nizcaya karma ke pIche rahI huI kaSAya-vRtti aura mithyAtva samApta hotI haiM, jaba mithyAtva kA prahANa hotA hai| ve tApa aura prakAza para AdhArita hotA hai| saMkSepa meM yoga kA sambandha pradeza evaM prakRti bandha ke samAna sahajIvI haiN| inameM eka ke abhAva meM dUsare kI sattA kSINa hone se hai, jabaki kaSAya kA sambandha sthiti evaM anubhAga bandha se hai| lagatI hai| vaise mithyAtva, ajJAna evaM moha kA paryAyavAcI hai| AvegoM arthAt kaSAyoM kI upasthiti meM hI moha yA mithyAtva sambhava hotA hai| ATha prakAra ke karma aura unake bandhana ke kAraNa56 vAstavikatA yaha hai ki moha (mithyAtva) se kaSAya utpanna hote haiM aura jisa rUpa meM karmaparamANu AtmA kI vibhinna zaktiyoM ke kaSAyoM ke kAraNa hI moha (mithyAtva) hotA hai| ataH kaSAya aura prakaTana kA avarodha karate haiM aura AtmA kA zarIra se sambandha mithAtva anyonyAzrita haiM aura bIja evaM vRkSa kI bhA~ti inameM se kisI sthApita karate haiM-- unake anusAra unake vibhAga kiye jAte haiN| kI pUrva koTi nirdhArita nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| ___ jainadarzana ke anusAra karma ATha prakAra ke haiM --1. jJAnAvaraNIya 2. yadi hama isI prazna para bauddha dRSTi se vicAra kareM to usameM darzanAvaraNIya 3. vedanIya 4. mohanIya 5. AyuSya 6. nAma 7. gotra
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________________ jAlanAA jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 211 aura 8. antraay| prakAra jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA kI darzana-zakti meM bAdhaka hotI haiM, ve darzanAvaraNIya karma kahalAtI haiN| jJAna se pahale hone vAlA vastu-tattva 1. jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA nirvizeSa (nirvikalpa) bodha, jisameM sattA ke atirikta kisI jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke prakAza ko DhaMka dete haiM, usI vizeSa guNa dharma kI prApti nahIM hotI, darzana kahalAtA hai| darzanAvaraNIya prakAra jo karmavargaNAe~ AtmA kI jJAnazakti ko DhaMka detI haiM aura jJAna karma AtmA ke darzana-guNa ko AvRta karatA hai| kI prApti meM bAdhaka banatI haiM, ve jJAnAvaraNIya karma kahI jAtI haiN| darzanAvaraNIya karma ke banya ke kAraNa-jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke samAna jJAnAvaraNIya karma ke bandhana ke kAraNa-jina kAraNoM se jJAnAvaraNIya hI cha: prakAra ke azubha AcaraNa ke dvArA darzanAvaraNIya karma kA bandha karma ke paramANu AtmA se saMyojita hokara jJAna-zakti ko kuMThita karate hotA hai- (1) samyak dRSTi kI nindA (chidrAnveSaNa) karanA athavA haiM, ve cha: haiM usake prati akRtajJa honA, (2) mithyAtva yA asat mAnyatAoM kA 1. pradoSa- jJAnI kA avarNavAda (nindA) karanA evaM usake avaguNa pratipAdana karanA, (3) zuddha dRSTikoNa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka bananA, nikaalnaa| (4) samyagdRSTi kA samucita vinaya evaM sammAna nahIM karanA, (5) 2. nihnava-jJAnI kA upakAra svIkAra na karanA athavA kisI viSaya samyagdRSTi para dveSa karanA (6) samyagdRSTi ke sAtha mithyAgraha sahita ko jAnate hue bhI usakA apalApa krnaa| vivAda krnaa| 3. antarAya- jJAna kI prApti meM bAdhaka bananA, jJAnI evaM jJAna ke darzanAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka-uparyukta azubha AcaraNa ke kAraNa sAdhana pustakAdi ko naSTa krnaa| AtmA kA darzana guNa nau prakAra se kuMThita ho jAtA hai4. mAtsarya- vidvAnoM ke prati dveSa-buddhi rakhanA, jJAna ke sAdhana (1) cakSudarzanAvaraNa- netrazakti kA avaruddha ho jaanaa| pustaka Adi meM aruci rkhnaa| (2) acakSudarzanAvaraNa-netra ke atirikta zeSa indriyoM kI sAmAnya 5. asAdanA- jJAna evaM jJAnI puruSoM ke kathanoM ko svIkAra nahIM anubhavazakti kA avaruddha ho jaanaa| karanA, unakA samucita vinaya nahIM krnaa| (3) avadhidarzanAvaraNa-sImita atIndriya darzana kI upalabdhi meM 6. upaghAta- vidvAnoM ke sAtha mithyAgraha yukta visaMvAda karanA athavA bAdhA upasthita honaa| svArthavaza satya ko asatya siddha karane kA prayatna krnaa| (4) kevala darzanAvaraNa-paripUrNa darzana kI upalabdhi kA nahIM honaa| uparyukta cha: prakAra kA anaitika AcaraNa vyakti kI jJAnazakti (5) nidrA- sAmAnya nidraa| ke kuMThita hone kA kAraNa hai| (6) nidrAnidrA- gaharI nidraa| jJAnAvaraNIya karma kA vipAka-vipAka kI dRSTi se jJAnAvaraNIya (7) pracalA-baiThe-baiThe A jAne vAlI nidraa| karma ke kAraNa pA~ca rUpoM meM AtmA kI jJAna-zakti kA AvaraNa (8) pracalA-pracalA-calate-phirate bhI A jAne vAlI nidraa| hotA hai (9) styAnagRddhi-jisa nidrA meM prANI bar3e-bar3e bala-sAdhya kArya kara (1) matijJAnAvaraNa- aindrika evaM mAnasika jJAna-kSamatA kA abhAva, DAlatA hai| (2) zrutajJAnAvaraNa- bauddhika athavA AgamajJAna kI anupalabdhi, antima do avasthAe~ Adhunika manovijJAna ke dvividha (3) avadhi jJAnAvaraNa- atIndriya jJAna-kSamatA kA abhAva vyaktitva ke samAna mAnI jA sakatI haiN| uparyukta pA~ca prakAra kI (4) manaHparyAya jJAnAvaraNa-dUsare kI mAnasika avasthAoM kA jJAna nidrAoM ke kAraNa vyakti kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA meM avarodha prApta karane lene kI zakti kA abhAva utpanna ho jAtA hai| (5) kevalajJAnAvaraNa-pUrNajJAna prApta karane kI kSamatA kA abhaav| kahIM-kahIM vipAka kI dRSTi se isake 10 bheda bhI batAye gaye 3. vedanIya karma haiM-1. sunane kI zakti kA abhAva, 2. sunane se prApta hone vAle jJAna jisake kAraNa sAMsArika sukha-duHkha kI saMvedanA hotI hai, ko anupalabdhi, 3. dRSTi zakti kA abhAva, 4. dRzyajJAna kI anupalabdhi, use vedanIya karma kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM- 1. sAtAvedanIya 4. gaMdhagrahaNa karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 6. gandha sambandhI jJAna kI aura 2. asaataavedniiy| sukha rUpa saMvedanA kA kAraNa sAtAvedanIya anupalabdhi, 7. svAda grahaNa karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 8. svAda aura duHkha rUpa saMvedanA kA kAraNa asAtAvedanIya karma kahalAtA hai| sambandhI jJAna kI anupalabdhi, 9. sparza-kSamatA kA abhAva aura 10. sAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa- dasa prakAra kA zubhAcaraNa karane sparza sambandhI jJAna kI anuplbdhi| vAlA vyakti sukhada-saMvadenA rUpa sAtAvedanIya karma kA bandha karatA hai- (1) pRthvI, pAnI Adi ke jIvoM para anukampA krnaa| (2) 2. darzanAvaraNIya karma vanaspati, vRkSa, latAdi para anukampA krnaa| (3) dvIndriya Adi jisa prakAra dvArapAla rAjA ke darzana meM bAdhaka hotA hai, usI prANiyoM para dayA krnaa| (4) paMcendriya pazuoM evaM manuSyoM para
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 212 anukampA krnaa| (5) kisI ko bhI kisI prakAra se duHkha na denaa| mohanIya karma ke bandha ke kAraNa- sAmAnyatayA mohanIya karma kA (6) kisI bhI prANI ko cintA evaM bhaya utpanna ho aisA kArya na bandha cha: kAraNoM se hotA hai- (1) krodha, (2) ahaMkAra, (3) kapaTa, krnaa| (7) kisI bhI prANI ko zokAkula nahIM bnnaa| (8) kisI (4) lobha, (5) azubhAcaraNa aura (6) vivekAbhAva (vimuuddh'taa)| prathama bhI prANI ko rudana nahIM kraanaa| (9) kisI bhI prANI ko nahIM mAranA pA~ca se cAritramoha kA aura antima se darzanamoha kA bandha hotA hai| aura (10) kisI bhI prANI ko pratAr3ita nahIM krnaa| karmagranthoM meM karmagrantha meM darzanamoha aura cAritramoha ke bandhana ke kAraNa alagasAtAvedanIya karma ke bandhana kA kAraNa gurubhakti, kSamA, karuNA, alaga batAye gaye haiN| darzanamoha ke kAraNa haiM-unmArga dezanA, sanmArga vratapAlana, yoga-sAdhanA, kaSAyavijaya, dAna aura dRr3hazraddhA mAnA kA apalApa, dhArmika sampatti kA apaharaNa aura tIrthaMkara, muni, caitya gayA hai| tattvArthasUtrakAra kA bhI yahI dRSTikoNa hai| (jina-pratimAe~) aura dharma-saMgha ke pratikUla aacrnn| cAritramoha karma sAtAvedanIya karma kA vipAka- uparyukta zubhAcaraNa ke phalasvarUpa ke bandhana ke kAraNoM meM kaSAya, hAsya Adi tathA viSayoM ke adhIna prANI nimna prakAra kI sukhada saMvedanA prApta karatA hai- (1) manohara, honA pramukha hai| tattvArtha-sUtra meM sarvajJa, zruta, saMgha, dharma aura deva ke karNapriya, sukhada svara zravaNa karane ko milate haiM, (2) susvAdu bhojana- avarNavAda (nindA) ko darzanamoha kA tathA kaSAyajanita Atma-pariNAma pAnAdi upalabdha hotI hai, (3) vAMchita sukhoM kI prApti hotI hai, (4) ko cAritramoha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| samavAyAMgasUtra meM tIvratama zubha vacana, prazaMsAdi sunane kA avasara prApta hotA hai, (5) zArIrika mohakarma ke bandhana ke tIsa kAraNa batAye gaye haiM- (1) jo kisI trasa sukha milatA hai| prANI ko pAnI meM DubAkara mAratA hai| (2) jo kisI trasa prANI ko tIvra asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa- jina azubha AcaraNoM ke kAraNa azubha adhyavasAya se mastaka ko gIlA camar3A bAMdhakara mAratA hai| (3) prANI ko duHkhada saMvedanA prApta hotI hai ve 12 prakAra ke haiM- (1) jo kisI trasa prANI ko mu~ha bA~dha kara mAratA hai| (4) jo kisI trasa kisI bhI prANI ko duHkha denA, (2) cintita banAnA, (3) zokAkula prANI ko agni ke dhue~ se mAratA hai| (5) jo kisI trasa prANI ke banAnA, (4) rulAnA, (5) mAranA aura (6) pratAr3ita karanA, ina cha: mastaka kA chedana karake mAratA hai| (6) jo kisI trasa prANI ko chala kriyAoM kI mandatA aura tIvratA ke AdhAra para inake bAraha prakAra ho se mArakara ha~satA hai| (7) jo mAyAcAra karake tathA asatya bAlekara jAte haiN| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra- (1) duHkha (2) zoka (3) tApa apanA anAcAra chipAtA hai| (8) jo apane durAcAra ko chipAkara dUsare 94) Akrandana (5) vadha aura (6) paridevana ye cha: asAtAvedanIya para kalaMka lagatA hai| (9) jo kalaha bar3hAne ke lie jAnatA huA mizra karma ke bandha ke kAraNa haiM, jo 'sva' aura 'para' kI apekSA se 12 bhASA bolatA hai| (10) jo pati-patnI meM matabheda paidA karatA hai tathA prakAra ke ho jAte haiN| sva evaM para kI apekSA para AdhArita tattvArthasUtra unheM mArmika vacanoM se lajjita kara detA hai| (11) jo strI meM Asakta kA yaha dRSTikoNa adhika saMgata hai| karmagrantha meM sAtAvedanIya ke bandha vyakti apane-Apako kuMvArA kahatA hai| (12) jo atyanta kAmuka ke kAraNoM ke viparIta guru kA avinaya, akSamA, krUratA, avirati, vyakti apane Apa ko brahmacArI kahatA hai| (13) jo cApalUsI karake yogAbhyAsa nahIM karanA, kaSAyayukta honA, tathA dAna evaM zraddhA kA apane svAmI ko ThagatA hai| (14) jo jinakI kRpA se samRddha banA hai, abhAva asAtAvedanIya karma ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| ina kriyAoM ke IrSyA se unake hI kAryoM meM vighna DAlatA hai| (15) jo pramukha puruSa kI vipAka ke rUpa meM ATha prakAra kI duHkhada saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI haiM- hatyA karatA hai| (16) jo saMyamI ko pathabhraSTa karatA hai| (17) jo (1) karNa-kaTu, karkaza svara sunane ko prApta hote haiM (2) amanojJa evaM apane upakArI kI hatyA karatA hai| (18) jo prasiddha puruSa kI hatyA saundaryavihIna rUpa dekhane ko prApta hotA hai, (3) amanojJa gandhoM kI karatA hai| (19) jo mahAn puruSoM kI nindA karatA hai| (20) jo upalabdhi hotI hai, (4) svAdavihIna bhojanAdi milatA hai, (5) amanojJa, nyAyamArga kI nindA karatA hai| (21) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kaThora evaM duHkhada saMvedanA utpanna karane vAle sparza kI prApti hotI hai, kI nindA karatA hai| (22) jo AcArya, upAdhyAya evaM guru kA avinaya (6) amanojJa mAnasika anubhUtiyoM kA honA, (7) nindA apamAnajanaka karatA hai| (23) jo abahuzruta hote hue bhI apane-Apako bahuzruta vacana sunane ko milate haiM aura (8) zarIra meM vividha rogoM kI utpatti kahatA hai| (24) jo tapasvI na hote hue bhI apane-Apako tapasvI se zarIra kA duHkhada saMvedanAe~ prApta hotI haiN| kahatA hai| (25) jo asvastha AcArya Adi kI sevA nahIM krtaa| (26) jo AcArya Adi kuzAstra kA prarUpaNa karate haiN| (27) jo 4. mohanIya karma AcArya Adi apanI prazaMsA ke lie maMtrAdi kA prayoga karate haiN| (28) jaise madirA Adi nazIlI vastu ke sevana se viveka-zakti jo ihaloka aura paraloka meM bhogopabhoga pAne kI abhilASA karatA hai| kuMThita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra jina karma-paramANuoM se AtmA kI (29) jo devatAoM kI nindA karatA hai yA karavAtA hai| (30) jo viveka-zakti kuMThita hotI hai aura anaitika AcaraNa meM pravRtti hotI hai, asarvajJa hote hue bhI apane Apako sarvajJa kahatA hai| unheM mohanIya (vimohita karane vAle) karma kahate haiN| isake do bheda haiM- (a) darzana-moha- jaina-darzana meM 'darzana' zabda tIna arthoM meM prayukta darzanamoha aura caaritrmoh| huA hai- (1) pratyakSIkaraNa, (2) dRSTikoNa aura (3) shrddhaa| prathama
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 213 artha kA sambandha darzanAvaraNIya karma se hai, jabaki dUsare aura tIsare AyuSya-karma ke bandha ke cAra-cAra kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| artha kA sambandha mohanIya karma se hai| darzana-moha ke kAraNa prANI meM (a) nArakIya jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa- (1) mahArambha samyaka dRSTikoNa kA abhAva hotA hai aura vaha mithyA dhAraNAoM evaM (bhayAnaka hiMsaka karma), (2) mahAparigraha (atyadhika saMcaya vRtti),(3) vicAroM kA zikAra rahatA hai, usakI vivekabuddhi asaMtulita hotI hai| manuSya, pazu Adi kA vadha karanA, (4) mAMsAhAra aura zarAba Adi darzanamoha tIna prakAra kA hai--(1) mithyAtva moha- jisake kAraNa nazIle padArthoM kA sevn| prANI asatya ko satya tathA satya ko asatya samajhatA hai| zubha ko (ba) pAzavika jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa- (1) kapaTa karanA azubha aura azubha ko zubha mAnanA mithyAtva moha hai| (2) samyaka- (2) rahasyapUrNa kapaTa karanA (3) asatya bhASaNa (4) kama jyAdA tolamithyAtva moha- satya evaM asatya tathA zubha evaM azubha ke mApa krnaa| karma-grantha meM pratiSThA kama hone ke bhaya se pApa kA prakaTa na sambandha meM anizcayAtmaka aura (3) samyaktava moha-kSAyika samyaktava karanA bhI tiryaMca Ayu ke bandha kA kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kI upalabdhi meM bAdhaka samyaktava moha hai arthAt dRSTikoNa kI mAyA (kapaTa) ko hI pazuyoni kA kAraNa batAyA hai| AMzika vishuddhtaa| (sa) mAnava jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa- (1) saralatA, (2) (ba) cAritra-moha-cAritra-moha ke kAraNa prANI kA AcaraNa azubha vinayazIlatA, (3) karuNA aura (4) ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahita hotA hai| cAritra-mohajanita azubhAcaraNa 25 prakAra kA hai- (1) honaa| tattvArthasUtra meM- (1) alpa Arambha, (2) alpa parigraha, (3) prabalatama krodha, (2) prabalatama mAna, (3) prabalatama mAyA (kapaTa), svabhAva kI saralatA aura (4) svabhAva kI mRdutA ko manuSya Ayu ke (4) prabalatama lobha, (5) ati krodha, (6) ati mAna, (7) ati bandha kA kAraNa kahA gayA hai| mAyA (kapaTa), (8) ati lobha, (9) sAdhAraNa krodha, (10) sAdhAraNa (da) daivIya jIvana kI prApti ke cAra kAraNa- (1) sarAga (sakAma) mAna, (11) sAdhAraNa mAyA (kapaTa) (12) sAdhAraNa lobha, (13) saMyama kA pAlana, (2) saMyama kA AMzika pAlana, (3) sakAma-tapasyA alpa krodha, (14) alpa mAna, (15) alpa mAyA (kapaTa) aura (bAla-tapa) (4) svAbhAvika rUpa meM karmoM ke nirjarita hone se| tattvArthasUtra (16) alpa lobha- ye solaha kaSAya haiN| uparyukta kaSAyoM ko uttejita meM bhI yahI kAraNa mAne gaye haiN| karmagrantha ke anusAra avirata samyagdRSTi karane vAlI nau manovRttiyA~ (upakaSAya) haiM- (1) hAsya, (2) rati manuSya yA tiryaMca, dezavirata zrAvaka, sarAgI-sAdhu, bAla-tapasvI aura (sneha, rAga), (3) arati (dveSa) (4) zoka, (5) bhaya, (6) jugapsA icchA nahIM hote hue bhI paristhiti vaza bhUkha-pyAsa Adi ko sahana (ghRNA), (7) strIveda (puruSa-sahavAsa kI icchA), (8) puruSaveda (strI- karate hue akAma-nirjarA karane vAle vyakti devAyu kA bandha karate haiN| sahavAsa kI icchA), (9) napuMsakaveda (strI-puruSa donoM ke sahavAsa kI AkasmikamaraNa-prANI apane jIvanakAla meM pratyeka kSaNa Ayu karma icchA ) / ko bhoga rahA hai aura pratyeka kSaNa meM Ayu karma ke paramANu bhoga ke mohanIya karma vivekAbhAva hai aura usI vivekAbhAva ke kAraNa pazcAt pRthak hote rahate haiN| jisa samaya vartamAna Ayukarma ke pUrvabaddha azubha kI ora pravRtti kI ruci hAtI hai| anya paramparAoM meM jo sthAna samasta paramANu AtmA se pRthak ho jAte haiM usa samaya prANI ko avidyA kA hai, vahI sthAna jaina paramparA meM mohanIya karma kA hai| jisa vartamAna zarIra chor3anA par3atA hai| vartamAna zarIra chor3ane ke pUrva hI navIna prakAra anya paramparAoM meM bandhana kA mUla kAraNa avidyA hai, usI prakAra zarIra ke Ayukarma kA bandha ho jAtA hai| lekina yadi AyuSya kA bhoga jaina paramparA meM bandhana kA mUla kAraNa mohanIya krm| mohanIya karma kA isa prakAra niyata hai to AkasmikamaraNa kI vyAkhyA kyA? isake kSayopazama hI AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA AdhAra hai| pratyuttara meM jaina-vicArakoM ne Ayukarma kA bheda do prakAra kA mAnA (1) kramika, (2) aaksmik| kramika bhoga meM svAbhAvika rUpa se 5. AyuSya karma Ayu kA bhoga dhIre-dhIre hotA rahatA hai, jabaki Akasmika bhoga meM jisa prakAra ber3I svAdhInatA meM bAdhaka hai, usI prakAra jo kisI kAraNa ke upasthita ho jAne para Ayu eka sAtha hI bhoga lI karma paramANu AtmA ko vibhinna zarIroM meM niyata avadhi taka kaida rakhate jAtI hai| ise hI AkasmikamaraNa yA akAla mRtyu kahate haiN| sthAnAMgasUtra mI, unheM AyuSya karma kahate haiN| yaha karma nizcaya karatA hai ki AtmA ko meM isake sAta kAraNa batAye gaye haiM- (1) harSa-zoka kA atireka, kisa zarIra meM kitanI samayAvadhi taka rahanA hai| AyuSya karma cAra prakAra (2) viSa athavA zastra kA prayoga, (3) AhAra kI atyadhikatA athavA hai- (1) naraka Ayu, (2) tiryaMca Ayu (vAnaspatika evaM pazu sarvathA abhAva (4) vyAdhijanita tIvra vedanA, (5) AghAta (6) sarpadaMzAdi jIvana) (3) manuSya Ayu aura (4) deva aayu| aura (7) shvaasnirodh| AyuSya-karma ke bandha ke kAraNa- sabhI prakAra ke AyuSya-karma ke bandha kA kAraNa zIla aura vrata se rahita honA mAnA gayA hai| phira bhI 6.nAma karma kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa se kisa prakAra kA jIvana milatA hai, usakA jisa prakAra citrakAra vibhinna raMgoM se aneka prakAra ke citra nirdeza bhI jaina AgamoM meM upalabdha hai| sthAnAMgasUtra meM pratyeka prakAra ke banAtA hai, usI prakAra nAma-karma vibhinna karma paramANuoM se jagat ke
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________________ jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 214 prANiyoM ke zarIra kI racanA karatA hai| manovijJAna kI bhASA meM nAma-karma kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa ke kAraNa prANI kA apratiSThita kula meM janma ko vyaktitva kA nirdhAraka tattva kaha sakate haiN| jaina-darzana meM vyaktitva hotA hai aura kisa prakAra ke AcaraNa se prANI kA pratiSThita kula meM ke nirdhAraka tattvoM ko nAmakarma kI prakRti ke rUpa meM jAnA jAtA hai, janma hotA hai, isa para jainAcAra-darzana meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jinakI saMkhyA 103 mAnI gaI hai lekina vistArabhaya se unakA varNana ahaMkAravRtti hI isakA pramukha kAraNa mAnI gaI hai| sambhava nahIM hai| uparyukta sAre vargIkaraNa kA saMkSipta rUpa haiM- 1. ucca-gotra evaM nIca-gotra ke karma-bandha ke kAraNa-nimna ATha zubhanAmakarma (acchA vyaktitva) aura 2. azubhanAmakarma (burA vyktitv)| bAtoM kA ahaMkAra na karane vAlA vyakti bhaviSya meM pratiSThita kula meM prANI jagata meM, jo Azcaryajanaka vaicitrya dikhAI detA hai, usakA janma letA hai- 1. jAti, 2. kula, 3. bala (zarIrika zakti), 4. , AdhAra nAmakarma hai| rUpa (saundarya), 5. tapasyA (sAdhanA), 6. jJAna (zruta), 7. lAza (upalabdhiyA~) aura 8. svAmitva (adhikaar)| inake viparIta jo vyakti zabhanAma karma ke bandha ke kAraNa uparyukta ATha prakAra kA ahaMkAra karatA hai, vaha nIca kula meM janma letA jainAgamoM meM acche vyaktitva kI upalabdhi ke cAra kAraNa mAne hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra bhI ahaMkAra rahita guNagrAhI dRSTi vAlA, gaye haiM- 1. zarIra kI saralatA, 2. vANI kI saralatA, 3. mana yA adhyayana-adhyApana meM ruci rakhane vAlA tathA bhakta ucca-gotra ko prApta vicAroM kI saralatA, 4. ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya se rahita honA yA karatA hai| isake viparIta AcaraNa karane vAlA nIca-gotra ko prApta sAmaMjasyapUrNa jiivn| karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra para-nindA, AtmaprazaMsA, dUsaroM ke sadguNoM kA AcchAdana aura asadguNoM kA prakAzana ye nIca gotra ke zubhanAmakarma kA vipAka bandha ke hetu haiN| isake viparIta para-prazaMsA, Atma-nindA, sadguNoM kA uparyukta cAra prakAra ke zubhAcaraNa se prApta zubha vyaktitva kA prakAzana, asadguNoM kA gopana aura namravRtti evaM nirabhimAnatA ye vipAka 14 prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- (1) adhikArapUrNa prabhAvaka ucca-gotra ke bandha ke hetu haiN| vANI (iSTa-zabda) (2) sundara sugaThita zarIra (iSTa-rUpa) (3) zarIra se gotra-karma kA vipAka-vipAka (phala) dRSTi se vicAra karate hue yaha niHsRta hone vAle maloM meM bhI sugaMdhi (iSTa-gaMdha) (4) jaivIya-rasoM kI dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki jo vyakti ahaMkAra nahIM karatA, vaha pratiSThita samucitatA (iSTa-rasa) (5) tvacA kA sukomala honA (iSTa-sparza) (6) kula meM janma lekara nimnokta ATha kSamatAoM se yukta hotA hai- 1. acapala yogya gati (iSTa-gati) (7) aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para honA niSkalaMka mAtR-pakSa (jAti), 2. pratiSThita pitR-pakSa (kula), 3. sabala (iSTa-sthiti) (8) lAvaNya (9) yaza:kIrti kA prasAra (iSTa-yaza:kIrti) zarIra, 4. saundaryayukta zarIra, 5. ucca sAdhanA evaM tapa-zakti, 6. (10) yogya zArIrika zakti (iSTa-utthAna, karma, balavIrya, puruSArtha tIvra buddhi evaM vipulajJAna rAzi para adhikAra, 7. lAbha evaM vividha aura parAkrama) (11) logoM ko rucikara lage aisA svara (12) kAnta upalabdhiyA~ aura 8. adhikAra, svAmitva evaM aizvarya kI praapti| lekina svara (13) priya svara aura (14) manojJa svr| ahaMkArI vyaktitva uparyukta samagra kSamatAoM se athavA inameM se kinhIM. azubha nAma karma ke kAraNa- nimna cAra prakAra ke azubhAcaraNa se vizeSa kSamatAoM se vaMcita rahatA hai| vyakti (prANI) ko azubha vyaktitva kI upalabdhi hotI hai-(1) zarIra kI vakratA, (2) vacana kI vakratA (3) mana kI vakratA aura (4) 8. antarAya karma ahaMkAra evaM mAtsarya vRtti yA asAmaMjasya pUrNa jiivn| abhISTa kI upalabdhi meM bAdhA pahuMcAne vAle kAraNa ko azubhanAma karma kA vipAka- 1. aprabhAvaka vANI (aniSTa-zabda), antarAya karma kahate haiN| yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai2. asundara zarIra (aniSTa-sparza), 3. zArIrika maloM kA durgandhayukta 1. dAnAntarAya-dAna kI icchA hone para bhI dAna nahIM kiyA jA sake, honA (aniSTa-gaMdha), 4. jaivIyarasoM kI asamucitatA (aniSTarasa), 5. 2. lAbhAntarAya-koI prApti hone vAlI ho lekina kisI kAraNa se apriya sparza, 6. aniSTa gati, 7. aMgoM kA samucita sthAna para na honA usameM bAdhA A jAnA, (aniSTa sthiti), 8. saundarya kA abhAva, 9. apayaza, 10. puruSArtha 3. bhogAntarAya- bhoga meM bAdhA upasthita honA jaise vyakti sampanna ho, karane kI zakti kA abhAva, 11. hIna svara, 12. dIna svara, 13. bhojanagRha meM acchA susvAdu bhojana bhI banA ho lekina asvasthatA ke apriya svara aura 14. akAnta svr| kAraNa use mAtra khicar3I hI khAnI par3e, 4. upabhogAntarAya- upabhoga kI sAmagrI ke hone para bhI upabhoga 7. gotra karma karane meM asamarthatA, jisake kAraNa vyakti pratiSThita aura apratiSThita kuloM meM 5. vIryAntarAya- zakti ke hone para bhI puruSArtha meM usakA upayoga janma letA hai, vaha gotra karma hai| yaha do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- 1. nahIM kiyA jA sknaa| (tattvArthasUtra, 8.14) ucca gotra (pratiSThita kala) aura 2. nIca gotra (apratiSThita kul)| jaina nIti-darzana ke anusAra jo vyakti kisI bhI vyakti ke
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________________ jaina karmasiddhAnta : eka vizleSaNa 215 dAna, lAbha, bhoga, upabhoga-zakti ke upayoga meM bAdhaka banatA hai, vaha haiM- 1. sarvaghAtI aura 2. deshghaatii| sarvaghAtI karma prakRti kisI bhI apanI upalabadha sAmagrI evaM zaktiyoM kA samucita upayoga nahIM kara AtmaguNa ko pUrNatayA Avarita karatI hai aura dezaghAtI karma-prakRti pAtA hai| jaise koI vyakti kisI dAna dene vAle vyakti ko dAna prApta usake eka aMza ko Avarita karatI hai| karane vAlI saMsthA ke bAre meM galata sUcanA dekara yA anya prakAra se dAna AtmA ke svAbhAvika satyAnubhUti nAmaka guNa ko mithyAtva dene se roka detA hai athavA kisI bhojana karate hue vyakti ko bhojana (azuddha dRSTikoNa) sarvarUpeNa AcchAdita kara detA hai| anantajJAna para se uThA detA hai, to usakI upalabdhiyoM meM bhI bAdhA upasthita hotI (kevalajJAna) aura anantadarzana (kevaladarzana) nAmaka AtmA ke guNoM hai athavA bhoga-sAmagrI ke hone para bhI vaha usake bhoga se vaMcita rahatA kA AvaraNa bhI pUrNa rUpa se hotA hai| pA~coM prakAra kI nidrAe~ bhI AtmA hai| karmagrantha ke anusAra jina-pUjA Adi dharma-kAryoM meM vighna utpanna kI sahaja anubhUti kI kSamatA ko pUrNatayA Avarita karatI haiN| isI karane vAlA aura hiMsA meM tatpara vyakti bhI antarAya karma kA saMcaya prakAra cAroM kaSAyoM ke pahale tInoM prakAra, jo ki saMkhyA meM 12 hote karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra bhI vighna yA bAdhA DAlanA hI haiM, bhI pUrNatayA bAdhaka banate haiN| anantAnubandhI kaSAya samyaktva kA, antarAya-karma ke bandha kA kAraNa haiN| pratyAkhyAnI kaSAya dezavratI cAritra (grahastha dharma) kA aura apratyAkhyAnI kaSAya sarvavratI cAritra (munidharma) kA pUrNatayA bAdhaka banatA hai| ata: ye ghAtI aura aghAtI karma 20 prakAra kI karmaprakRtiyA~ sarvaghAtI kahI jAtI haiN| zeSa jJAnAvaraNIya karmoM ke isa vargIkaraNa meM jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, mohanIya karma kI 4, darzanAvaraNIya karma kI 3, mohanIya karma kI 13, aura antarAya- ina cAra karmoM ko 'ghAtI' aura nAma, gotra, AyuSya antarAya karma kI 5, kula 25 karmaprakRtiyA~ dezaghAtI kahI jAtI haiN| aura vedanIya- ina cAra karmoM ko 'aghAtI' mAnA jAtA hai| ghAtI karma sarvaghAta kA artha mAtra ina guNoM ke pUrNa prakaTana ko rokanA hai, na ki AtmA ke jJAna, darzana, sukha aura zakti nAmaka guNoM kA AvaraNa karate ina guNoM kA anstitv| kyoMki jJAnAdi guNoM ke pUrNa abhAva kI haiN| ye karma AtmA kI svabhAvadazA ko vikRta karate haiM, ata: jIvana- sthiti meM Atma-tattva aura jar3a-tattva meM antara hI nahIM rhegaa| karma to mukti meM bAdhaka hote haiN| ina ghAtI karmoM meM avidyA rUpa mohanIya karma AtmaguNoM ke prakaTana meM bAdhaka tattva haiM, ve AtmaguNoM ko vinaSTa nahIM hI AtmasvarUpa kI AvaraNa-kSamatA, tIvratA aura sthitikAla kI dRSTi kara skte| nandIsUtra meM to kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra bAdala sUrya ke se pramukha haiN| vastutaH mohakarma hI eka aisA karma-saMskAra hai, jisake prakAza ko cAhe kitanA hI Avarita kyoM na kara leM, phira bhI vaha na to kAraNa karma-bandha kA pravAha satat banA rahatA hai| mohanIya karma usa bIja usakI prakAza-kSamatA ko naSTa kara sakatA hai aura na usake prakAza ke ke samAna hai, jisameM aMkuraNa kI zakti hai| jisa prakAra ugane yogya prakaTana ko pUrNatayA roka sakatA hai| usI prakAra cAhe karma jJAnAdi bIja havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se apanI paramparA ko bar3hAtA rahatA AtmaguNoM ko kitanA hI AvRta kyoM na kara le, phira bhI unakA eka hai, usI prakAra mohanIya rUpI karma-bIja, jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura aMza hamezA hI anAvRta rahatA hai| antarAya rUpa havA, pAnI Adi ke sahayoga se karma-paramparA ko satat banAye rakhatA hai| mohanIya karma hI janma-maraNa, saMsAra yA bandhana kA karma bandhana se mukti mUla hai, zeSa ghAtI karma usake sahayogI mAtra haiN| ise karmoM kA senApati jaina karmasiddhAnta kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki pratyeka karma apanA kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra senApati ke parAjita hone para sArI senA vipAka yA phala dekara AtmA se alaga ho jAtA hai| isa vipAka kI hataprabha ho zIghra hI parAjita ho jAtI hai, usI prakAra moha karma para avasthA meM yadi AtmA rAga-dveSa athavA moha se abhibhUta hotA hai, to vijaya prApta kara lene para zeSa sAre karmoM ko AsAnI se parAjita kara vaha punaH naye karma kA saMcaya kara letA hai| isa prakAra yaha paramparA satat AtmazuddhatA kI upalabdhi kI jA sakatI hai| jaise hI moha naSTa ho jAtA rUpa se calatI rahatI hai| vyakti ke adhikAra kSetra meM yaha nahIM hai ki vaha hai, vaise hI jJAnAvaraNa ora darzanAvaraNa kA pardA haTa jAtA hai, antarAya karma ke vipAka ke pariNAma svarUpa hone vAlI anubhUti se iMkAra kara yA bAdhakatA samApta ho jAtI hai aura vyakti (AtmA) jIvana-mukta bana de| ata: yaha eka kaThina samasyA hai ki karma ke bandhana va vipAka kI jAtA hai| isa prakriyA se mukti kaise ho, yadi karma ke vipAka ke phalasvarUpa hamAre aghAtI karma ve haiM jo AtmA ke svabhAva dazA kI upalabdhi andara krodhAdi kaSAya bhAva athavA kAmAdi bhoga bhAva utpanna honA hI aura vikAsa meM bAdhaka nahIM hote| aghAtI karma bhune hue bIja ke samAna hai to phira svAbhAvika rUpa se prazna uThatA hai ki hama vimukti kI dizA haiM, jinameM navIna karmoM kI utpAdana-kSamatA nahIM hotii| ve karma-paramparA meM Age kaise bar3heM? isa hetu jaina AcAryoM ne do upAyoM kA pratipAdana kA pravAha banAye rakhane meM asamartha hote haiM aura samaya kI paripakvatA ke kiyA hai-- (1) saMvara aura (2) nirjraa| saMvara kA tAtparya hai ki vipAka sAtha hI apanA phala dekara sahaja hI alaga ho jAte haiN| kI sthiti meM pratikriyA se rahita rahakara navIna karmAsrava evaM bandha ko sarvaghAtI aura dezaghAtI karma-prakRtiyA~- AtmA ke sva-lakSaNoM kA nahIM hone denA aura nirjarA kA tAtparya hai pUrva karmoM ke vipAka kI AvaraNa karane vAle ghAtI karmoM kI 45 karma-prakRtiyA~ bhI do prakAra kI samabhAva pUrvaka anubhUti karate hue unheM nirjarita kara denA yA phira tapa
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________________ 216 jaina vidyA ke AyAma khaNDa-6 sAdhanA dvArA pUrvabaddha aniyata vipAkI karmoM ko samaya se pUrva unake 14. aguttaranikAya uddhRta upAdhyAya bharatasiMha, bauddhadarzana aura anya vipAka ko pradezodaya ke mAdhyama se nirjarita krnaa| ___ bhAratIya darzana, pR. 463 / / yaha satya hai ki pUrvabaddha karmoM ke vipAkodaya kI sthiti meM 15. dekheM-AcArya narendradeva, bauddha dharma darzana, pR. 250 krodhAdi Avega apanI abhivyakti ke hetu cetanA ke stara para Ate haiM, 16. devendrasUri, karmagrantha prathama, karmavipAka, gAthA 1 kintu yadi AtmA usa samaya apane ko rAga-dveSa se Upara uThAkara 17. paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, darzana va cintana, pR. 225 sAkSIbhAva meM sthira rakhe aura una udaya meM A rahe krodhAdi bhAvoM ke prati 18. AcArya nemicanda, gommaTasAra, karmakANDa-6 mAtra draSTA bhAva rakhe, to vaha bhAvI bandhana se bacakara pUrvabaddha karmoM kI 19. AcArya vidyAnandI, aSTasahasrI, pR. 51, uddhRta--Tatia Dr.. nirjarA kara detA hai aura isa prakAra vaha bandhana se vimukti kI ora Nathmal Tatia, Studies in Jaina Philosophy (P.Y. apanI yAtrA prArambha kara detA hai| vastuta: viveka va apramattatA aise tathya Rsearch Institute, Varanasi-5, p. 227 haiM jo hameM navIna bandhana se bacAkara vimukti kI ora abhimukha karate haiN| 20. karmagrantha - prathama, karma vipAka- bhUmikA paM. sukhalAla saMghavI, vyakti meM jitanI apramattatA yA Atma cetanatA hogI, usakA viveka pR. 24 utanA jAgRta rhegaa| vaha bandhana se vimukti kI dizA meM Age bddh'egaa| 21. sAgaramala jaina- jaina karma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana pR. jaina karma siddhAnta batAtA hai ki karmoM ke vipAka ke sambandha meM hama 17-18 vivazaM yA paratantra hote haiM, kintu usa vipAka kI dazA meM bhI hamameM 22. (a) mahAbhArata : zAntiparva (gItA presa, gorakhapura) pra. 129 itanI svatantratA avazya hotI hai ki hama navIna karma paramparA kA saMcaya (ba) lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka, gItArahasya, pR. 268 kareM yA na kareM, aisA nizcaya kara sakate haiN| vastutaH karma vipAka ke 23. AcArya narendra deva, bauddha dharma darzana, pR. 277 sandarbha meM hama paratantra hote haiM, kintu navIna karma bandha ke sandarbha meM hama 24. (a) dekheM--uttarAdhyayanasUtra--sampAdaka madhukaramuni 4/4/13, AMzika rUpa meM svatantra hai| isI AMzika svatantratA dvArA hama mukti 23/1/30 arthAt pUrNa svatantratA prApta kara sakate haiN| jo sAdhaka vipAkodaya ke (ba) bhagavatIsUtra 1/2/64 samaya sAkSI bhAva yA jJAtA-draSTA bhAva meM jIvana jInA jAnatA hai, vaha 25. dekheM-- (a) Nathmal Tatia, Tatia, Studies in Jaina nizcaya hI karma-vimukti ko prApta kara letA hai| Philosophy (P.V.R.I.), P. 254. (ba) sAgaramala jaina- jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sandarbha-sUcI pR. 24-27 1. DaoN. sAgaramala jaina- jainakarma siddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, 26. sAgaramala jaina- jaina karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. prAkRta bhAratI saMsthAna, jayapura, 1982, pR.4 35-36 zvetAzvataropaniSad (gItA presa, gorakhapura) 1/1-2 27. vahI, pR. 36-40 3. The Philosophical Quarterly, April 1932, P.72. 28. jJAtavya hai ki prastuta vivaraNa tattvArthasUtra 6 evaM 8, karma grantha Maxmullar-Three Leacturers on Vedanta prathama karmavipAka, pR. 54-61, samavAyAMga 30/1 tathA sthAnAMga Philosophy, P. 165. 1/4/4/373 para AdhArita hai| 5. paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA- AtmamImAMsA (jaina saMskRti saMzodhana 29. yogazAstra (hemacandra), 4/107. maNDala) 30. sthAnAMga, TIkA (abhayadeva), 1/11-12 6. ravindranAtha mizrA, jaina karma siddhAnta kA udbhava evaM vikAsa 31. jainadharma, munisuzIlakumAra, pR. 84 (pArzvanAtha zodhapITha, vArANasI-5, 1985), pR.8 32. samayasAranATaka, banArasIdAsa, utthAnikA 28 vahI, pR. 9-10 33. bhagavatIsUtra, 7/10/121 rAgo ya doso vi ya kammabIyaM, uttarAdhyayanasUtra 32/7 34. sthAnAMgasUtra sthAna, 9 9. (a) samavAyAMga 5/4 (ba) isibhAsiyAI 9/5 (sa) tattvArthasUtra 35. bhagavadgItA 18/17 8/1 36. dhammapada, 249 10. kundakunda, samayasAra 171 37. sUtrakRtAMga, dvitIya zrutaskandha, AdrakasaMvAda 2/6 11. (a) aTThavihaM kammagaMthi--isibhAsiyAI 31 38. sAgaramala jaina, jainakarmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, (ba) aTThavihaMkammarayamalaM--isibhAsiyAI 23 39. dazavaukalikasUtra, 4/9 12. uttarAdhyayanasUtra (saM. madhukaramuni), 33/2-3 40. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 2/2/4 13. vahI, 33/4-15 41. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, 28/14 7. pakSa
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________________ prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA 217 42. tattvArthasUtra, 1/4 51. vahI, 1/8/3 43. isibhAsiyAI (RSibhASita), 9/2 52. AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/2/1 44. samayasAra (kundakunda), 145-146 53. sAgaramala jaina-jena karmasiddhAnta kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, pR. 45. pravacanasAra TIkA (amRtacandra), 1/72 kI TIkA 52-55 46. samayasAra vacanikA, jayacanda chAbar3A, gAthA 145-146 kI 54. vahI, pR. 61-67 vacanikA pR.207 55. vahI, pR. 57 47. bhagavadgItA, 4/16 56. (a) vahI, pR. 67-79 48. sUtrakRtAMga, 1/8/22-24 (ba) prastuta vivaraNa tattvArthasUtra adhyAya 6 evaM 8, karmagrantha 49. bhagavadgItA 4/16 prathama, (karmavipAka) pR. 54-62, samavAyAMga 30/1 tathA 50. sUtrakRtAMgasUtra, 1/8/1-2 sthAnAMga 1/4/4/373 para AdhArita hai| prAcIna jainAgamoM meM cArvAka darzana kA prastutIkaraNa evaM samIkSA cArvAka yA lokAyata darzana kA bhAratIya dArzanika cintana siddhasenagaNi, malayagiri aura municandrasUri ne rAjA prasenajita ko meM bhautikavAdI darzana ke rUpa meM viziSTa sthAna hai| bhAratIya cintana hI mAnA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se adhika prAmANika lagatA hai| meM bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kI upasthiti ke pramANa ati prAcIna prasenajita ko zvetAmbikA (seyaviyA) nagarI kA rAjA batAyA gayA hai kAla se hI upalabdha hone lagate haiN| bhArata kI pratyeka dhArmika evaM jo itihAsa-siddha hai| unakA sArathi citta kezIkumAra ko zrAvastI se dArzanika cintana dhArA meM usakI samAlocanA kI gaI hai| jaina-dharma yahA~ kevala isIliye lekara AyA thA ki rAjA kI bhautikavAdI jIvana evaM darzana ke granthoM meM bhI isa bhautikavAdI jIvanadRSTi kA pratipAdana dRSTi ko parivartita kiyA jA ske| kathAvastu kI prAcInatA, prAmANikatA evaM samIkSA ati prAcIna kAla se hI milane lagatI hai| jaina dhArmika tathA tArkikatA kI dRSTi se hI hamane ise bhI prastuta vivecana meM evaM dArzanika sAhitya meM mahAvIra ke yuga se lekara Aja taka samAhita kiyA hai| lagabhaga 2500 varSa kI sudIrgha kAlAvadhi meM isa vicAradhAroM kI prastuta vivecanA meM mukhyarUpa se cArvAka darzana ke samAlocanA hotI rahI hai| isa samagra vistRta carcA ko prastuta nibandha tajjIvataccharIravAda evaM paraloka tathA puNya-pApa kI avadhAraNAoM ke meM sameTa pAnA sambhava nahIM hai, ataH hama prAkRta Agama sAhitya taka usake dvArA kiye gaye khaNDanoM ke prastutIkaraNa ke sAtha-sAtha unakI hI apanI isa carcA ko sImita rkheNge| ina AgamoM meM upalabdha samIkSAeM bhI prastuta kI gaI haiN| isameM bhI prAcInatama prAkRta Agama sAhitya meM mukhyatayA AcArAMga, RSibhASita (I.pU. cauthI zatI) meM bhautikavAdI jIvana dRSTi kA jo sUtrakRtAMga, uttarAdhyayana aura RSibhASita ko samAhita kiyA jA sakatA prastutIkaraNa hai, vaha uparyukta vivaraNa se kucha viziSTa prakAra kA hai| hai| ye sabhI grantha I.pU. pA~cavIM zatI se lekara I0pU0 tIsarI zatI ke usameM jo daNDokkala, rajjUkkala, stenokkala, desokkala, savvokkala bIca nirmita hue haiM, aisA mAnA jAtA hai| isake atirikta upAMga ke nAma se bhautivAdiyoM ke pA~ca prakAroM kA ullekha hai, vaha anyatra sAhitya ke eka grantha rAjapraznIya ko bhI hamane isa carcA meM samAhita kisI bhI bhAratIya sAhitya meM upalabdha nahIM hai| isI prakAra sUtrakRtAMga kiyA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki rAjapraznIya kA vaha bhAga jo cArvAka ke dvitIya zrutaskandha evaM rAjapraznIya meM cArvAka darzana kI sthApanA darzana kA prastutIkaraNa aura samIkSA karatA hai eka to cArvAka darzana kI aura khaNDana donoM ke lie jo tarka prastuta kiye gaye haiM ve bhI sthApanA evaM samIkSA-donoM hI dRSTi se ati samRddha hai, dUsare atiprAcIna mahattvapUrNa kahe jA sakate haiN| isake atirikta prAkRta AgamikabhI mAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki ThIka yahI carcA hameM bauddha tripiTaka sAhitya vyAkhyA sAhitya meM mukhyata vizeSAvazyakabhASya (chaThI zatI) ke meM buddha aura rAjA 'payAsIya' ke bIca hone kA ullekha milatA hai|2 jaina gaNadharavAda5 meM lagabhaga pA~ca sau gAthAoM meM bhautikavAdI cArvAka paramparA meM isa carcA ko pApitya paramparA ke mahAvIra ke samakAlIna darzana kI vibhinna avadhAraNAoM kI samIkSA mahAvIra aura gautama Adi AcArya kezIkumAra zramaNa aura rAjA 'payAsI', bauddha tripiTaka meM buddha 11 gaNadharoM ke madhya hue vAda-vivAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gaI hai, aura payAsI ke bIca sampanna huA batAyA gayA hai| yadyapi kucha jaina vaha bhI dArzanika dRSTi se atimahattvapUrNa kahI jA sakatI hai| anya AcAryoM ne payesI kA saMskRta rUpa pradezI mAna liyA hai kintu devavAcaka, Agamika saMskRta TIkAoM (10vIM-11vIM zatI) meM bhI cArvAka darzana