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________________ [83] 'aMgavijjA 'mAM nirdiSTa bhAratIya grIka - kAlIna ane kSatrapakAlIna sikkA - ( 1 ) sadgata muni zrIpuNyavijaya vaDe saMpAdita prAkRta graMtha 'aMgavijjA' (prAkRta grantha pariSada, kramAMka 1, 1957) mAM IsavI cothI zatAbdInI (tathA tenI pUrvavartI betraNa zatAbdIonI), jIvanano bhAgye ja koI pradeza bAkI rahe tevI aDhaLaka zabdasAmagrIno saMcaya che. ane saMpAdake moTA kadanA 87 jeTalAM pRSThomAM savistara vargIkRta zabdasUci ApIne abhyAsIone ghaNI sagavaDa karI ApI che. ha. bhAyANI 'aMgavijjA' mAM eka sthAne dhanane lagatI vigato ApatAM suvarNamASaka, rajatabhASaka, dInAramASaka, NANa (?) mAsaka, kArSApaNa, kSatrapaka, purANa ane sateraka eTalA sikkAono nirdeza che (pR. 66, padmAMka 185-816). bIjA eka sthAne A uparAMta ardhamASa, kAkaNI ane 'aTThA'no nirdeza che. anyatra paNa be sthAne sikkAono ullekha che (pR. 72, 189). A sikkAonuM graMthanI bhUmikAmAM sadgata vAsudevazaraNa agravAle je savistara vivaraNa ApyuM che te itihAsarasikonA dhyAna para Ave te mATe nIce uddhRta kartuM che. 'mauryakAlathI guptakAla 'mAM ('gujarAtano rAjakIya ane sAMskRtika itihAsa', graMtha 2, 1972) raseza jamInadAre AmAMthI kAhApaNano (pR. 177) tathA bhogIlAla sAMDesarAe kAhAvaNa, khattapaka ane saterakano (pR. 227) ullekha karyo che. 'aMgavijjA' nA pAMcamA pariziSTanA bAramA vibhAgamAM pR. 66 tathA 72 upara nirdiSTa sikkAonI sUci ApI che. jamInadAre 'prAk- guptakAlIna bhAratIya sikkAo mAM (1998), pRSTha 134 upara 'aMgavijjA' mAMthI kAhApaNa ane khattapakano nirdeza karyo che. temaNe jaNAvyuM che tema 'vidyApITha' dvaimAsikamAM keralAMka varasa pahelAM prakAzita lekhamALA emanA e pustaka rUpe have sulabha bane che. eMmA lekhake sikkAvijJAna vize tathA bhAratIya sikkAzAstra vize sAmAnya mAhitI Apane pachI cinhita saMjJA vALA sikkAo, nagara, gaNa ane janapadanA sikkA tathA videzI zAsakonA sikkA vize vyavasthita mAhitI ApI che. AthI sikkAzAstrane lagatA sAhityanI gujarAtImAM abhAva jevI dazAmAM eka pramANata pustaka lekhe evaM mUlya ughADuM che.
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________________ [84] ( 2 ) 'isI prakaraNa (9, 2) meM ghana kA vivaraNa dete hue kucha sikkoM ke nAma Aye haiM, jaise svarNamAsaka, rajatamAsaka, dInAramAsaka, NANamAsaka, kAhApaNa, kSatrapaka, purANa aura sateraka / inameM se dInAra kuSANakAlIna prasiddha sone kA sikkA thA jo guptakAla meM bhI cAlU thA / NANa saMbhavataH kuSANa samrAToM kA calAyA huA moTA gola ghar3I AkRti kA tAMbe kA paisA thA jisake lAkhoM namUne Aja bhI pAye gaye haiM / kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki nanAdevI kI AkRti sikkoM para kuSANakAla meM banAI jAne lagI thI aura isIlie cAlU sikkoM ko nApaka kahA jAtA thA / purANa zabda mahattvapUrNa hai jo kuSANakAla meM cAMdI kI purAnI Ahata mudrAoM (aMgrejI paMcamArkDa) ke lie prayukta hone lagA thA, kyoMki naye DhAle gaye sikkoM kI apekSA ve usa samaya purAne samajhe jAne lage the yadyapi unakA calana beroka-Toka jArI thA / huviSka ke puNyazAlA lekha meM 1100 purANa sikkoM ke dAna kA ullekha AyA hai / khattapaka saMjJA cAMdI ke una sikkoM ke lie usa samaya loka meM pracalita thI jo ujjainI ke zakavaMzI mahAkSatrapoM dvArA cAlU kiye gaye the aura lagabhaga pahalI zatI se cauthI zatI taka jinakI bahuta lambI zrRMkhalA pAyI gaI hai| inheM hI Arambha meM rudradAmaka bhI kahA jAtA thA / sateraka yUnAnI sTeTara sikke kA bhAratIya nAma hai / sateraka kA ullekha madhyaeziyA ke lekhoM meM tathA vasubandhu ke abhidharmakoza meM bhI AyA haiM I pRSTha 72 para suvarNa - kAkiNI, mAsaka- kAkiNI, suvarNaguJjA aura dInAra kA ullekha huA hai / pR. 189 para suvarNa aura kArSApaNa ke nAma haiN| pR. 215-216 para kArSApaNa aura NANaka, mAsaka, addhamAsaka, kAkaNI aura aTThabhAga kA ullekha hai| suvarNa ke sAtha suvarNa- mASaka aura suvarNa - kAkiNI kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se liyA gayA hai (pR. 216) / adhyAya 56 meM isake atirikta kucha pracalita mudrAoM ke nAma bhI haiM, jo usa yuga kA vAstavika dravya ghana thA, jaise kAhAvaNa (kArSApaNa) aura NANaka / kAhAvaNa yA kArSApaNa kaI prakAra ke batAye gaye haiN| jo purAne samaya se cale Ate hue maurya yA zuMga kAla ke cAMdI ke kArSApaNa the unheM isa yuga meM purANa kahane lage the, jaisA ki aMgavijjA ke mahattvapUrNa ullekha se (AdimUlesu purANe bUyA) aura kuSANakAlIna puNyazAlA stambha lekha se jJAta hotA hai (jisameM 1100 purANa mudrAoM kA ullekha hai) / pR. 66 para bhI purANa nAmaka kArSApaNa kA ullekha hai / purAnI
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________________ [85] kArSApaNa mudrAoM ke atirikta naye kArSApaNa bhI DhAle jAne lage the / ve kaI prakAra ke the, jaise uttama kAhAvaNa, majjhima kAhAvaNa, jahaNNa ( jadhanya) kAhAvaNa / aMgavijjA ke lekhaka ne ina tIna prakAra ke kArSApaNoM kA aura vivaraNa nahIM diyaa| kintu jJAta hotA hai ki ve kramazaH sone, cAMdI aura tAMbe ke sikke rahe hoMge, jo usa samaya kArSApaNa kahalAte the| sone ke kArSApaNa abhI taka prApta nahIM hue kintu pANini sUtra 4.3.153 ( jAtarUpebhyaH parimANe) para 'hATakaM kArSApaNaM' yaha udAharaNa kAzikA meM AyA hai| sUtra 5.2.120 ( rUpAdAhata prazaMsayoryapU) ke udAharaNoM meM rUpya dInAra, rUpya kedAra aura rUpya kArSApaNa ina tIna sikkoM ke nAma kAzikA meM Aye haiN| ye tInoM sone ke sikke jJAta hote haiM / aMgavijjA ke lekhaka ne moTe taura para sikkoM ke pahale do vibhAga kie kAhAvaNa aura NANaka / inameM se NANaka to kevala tAMbe ke sikke the| aura unakI pahacAna kuSANakAlIna una moTe paisoM se kI jA sakatI hai jo lAkhoMkI saMkhyA meM vematakSama, kaniSka, huviSka, vAsudeva Adi samrAToM ne DhalavAye the / NANaka kA ullekha mRcchakaTika meM bhI AyA hai, jahAM TIkAkAra ne usakA paryAya zivAGka TaMka likhA hai / yaha nAma bhI sUcita karatA hai ki NANaka kuSANakAlIna moTe paise hI the, kyoMki unameM se adhikAMza para nandIvRSa ke sahAre khaDe hue nandikezvara ziva kI mUrti pAI jAtI hai / NANaka ke antargata tAMbe ke aura bhI choTe sikke usa yuga meM cAlU the jinheM aMgavijjA meM mAsaka, ardhamAsaka, kAkaNi aura aTThA kahA gayA hai| ye cAroM sikke purAne samaya ke tAMbe ke kArSApaNa se saMbaMdhita the jisakI taula solaha mAse yA assI rattI ke barAbara hotI thI / usI taula mApa ke anusAra mAsaka sikkA pAMca rattI kA, ardhamAsaka DhAI rattI kA, kAkaNa savA rattI kI aura aTThA yA ardhakAkaNi usase bhI AdhI taula kI hotI thI / inhIM cAroM meM ardhakAkaNi paccavara ( pratyavara) yA sabase choTA sikkA thA / kArpApaNa sikkoM ko uttama, madhyama aura jaghanya ina tIna bhedoM meM bAMTA gayA hai / isakI saMgati yaha jJAta hotI ki usa yuga meM sone, cAMdI aura tAMbe ke tIna prakAra ke naye kArSApaNa sikke cAlU hue the| inameM se hATaka kArSApaNa kA ullekha kAzikA ke AdhAra para kaha cuke haiN| ve sikke vAstavika the yA kevala gaNita arthAt hisAba kitAba ke liye prayojanIya the isakA nizcaya karanA saMdigdha hai, kyoMki suvarNa kArSApaNa abhI taka prApta nahIM hue| cAMdI ke kArSApaNa bhI do prakAra ke the / eka naye aura dUsare maurya zrRMga kAla ke battIsa rattI vAle purANa kArSApaNa / cAMdI ke kArSApaNa kauna se the isakA nizcaya karanA bhI kaThina hai| saMbhavataH yUnAnI
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________________ [86] yA zaka-yavana rAjAoM ke DhalavAye hue cAMdI ke sikke naye kArSApaNa kahe jAte the| sikkoM ke viSaya meM aMgavijjA kI sAmagrI apanA vizeSa mahattva rakhatI hai| pahale kI sUcI meM (pR. 66) khatapaka aura satteraka ina do viziSTa mudrAoM ke nAma A bhI cuke haiM / mAsaka sikke bhI cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM - suvarNa mAsaka, rajata mAsaka, dInAra mAsaka aura cauthA kevala mAsaka jo tAMbe kA thA aura jisakA saMbaMdha NANaka nAmaka naye tAMbe ke sikke se thA / dInAra mAsaka kI pahacAna bhI kucha nizcaya se kI jA sakatI hai, arthAt kuSANa yuga meM jo dInAra nAmaka sone kA sikkA cAlU kiyA thA aura jo gupta yuga taka cAlU rahA, usI ke tolamAna ye saMbaMdhita choTe sone kA sikkA dInAra mASaka kahA jAtA rahA hogaa| aise sikke usa yuga meM cAlU the yaha aMgavijjA ke pramANa se sUcita hotA hai| vAstavika sikkoM ke jo namUne mile haiM unameM sone ke pUrI taula ke sikkoM ke aSTamAMza bhAga taka ke choTe sikke kuSANa rAjAoM kI mudrAoM meM pAye gaye haiM (paMjAba saMgrahAlAya sUcI saMkhyA 34, 67, 123, 135, 212, 237), kintu saMbhAvanA yaha hai ki SoDazAMza mola ke sikke bhI banate the| rajatamASaka ke tAtparya cAMdI ke raupyamAsaka ye hI thA / suvarNamAsaka yaha mudrA jJAta hotI hai jo assI rattI ke suvarNa kArSApaNa ke anumAna se pAMca rattI taula kI banAI jAtI thii| isake bAda kArSApaNa aura NANaka ina donoM ke vibhAga kI saMkhyA kA kathana eka se lekara hajAra taka kina lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para kiyA jAnA cAhIe yaha bhI batAyA gayA hai / yadi praznakartA yaha jAnanA cAhe ki gar3A huA dhana kisameM baMdhA huA milegA to bhinna bhinna logoM ke lakSaNoM se uttara denA cAhIye / thailI meM (thavikA) camaDe kI thailI meM (cammakosa), kapar3e kI poTalI meM (poTTalikAgata) athavA aTTiyagata (aMTI kI taraha vastra meM lapeTakara), suttabaddha, cakkabaddha, hetibaddhapichale tIna zabda vibhinna bandhanoM ke prakAra the jinakA bheda abhI spaSTa nahIM hai| kitanA suvarNa milane kI saMbhAvanA hai isake uttara meM pAMca prakAra kI sone kI taula kahI gaI hai, arthAt eka suvarNabhara, aSTa bhAga suvarNa, suvarNamAsaka (suvarNa kA solahavAM bhAga), suvarNa kAkiNi (suvarNa kA battIsavAM bhAga) aura pala (cAra karSa ke braabr)|' uparanA vivaraNamA je sateraka nAmano siko che te yUnAnI sTeTara (stater) hovArnu agravAle tema ja sAMDesarAe kAM che / paraMtu bIjI eka zakyatA paNa vicAro
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________________ [87 } zakAya / keTalAka bhAratIya-grIka sikkAo para agrabhAge grIka lipimAM ane pRSThabhAge kharoSThI lipimA je lakhANa che temAM rAjAnA eka biruda tarIke Soteras / tarasa ( = trAtArasya) ApeluM che. A Soter parathI saMskRta rUpa 'sateraka' thayuM hoya, jema rudradAmAno sikko te 'rudradAmaka' tema saterano sikko te 'sateraka' : 'pArUthaka dramma', 'spardhaka' e sikkAnAmomAM paNa 'ka' pratyaya rahelo cha. Soter ane 'sateraka'nuM uccArasAmya adhika che. jema Apolodotas - prAkRta 'apaladata' karAyuM, temAM grIka ne mATe 'a' maLe che, te ja pramANa Soter nA 0ne sthAne 'sateraka' mA 'a' che. saMskRtamAM zauTira 'abhimAnI', zauTIrya 'abhimAna, pauruSa' e zabdo mahAbhArata-kAlIna che / e uparAMta zauNDIra tathA rUpAMtare zauNDira ane zauDIra tathA nAma zauNDIrya ke zauNDarya e pramANe maLe cha / 'vIra' ane 'vIratA' evA artha paNa noMdhAyA che. prAkRtamAM soDIra, soMDIra 'zUra', 'zUratA' evA zabdo che. mArI evI aTakaLa che ke mULa zabda saM. zauTIra, prA. soDIra hoya, ane e A grIka - Soter 'trAtA' uparathI saMskRta-prAkRtamA levAyo hoya / zauNDIra, soMDIra e rUpAMtaro pachIthI kadAca zauNDa 'vyasanI, nipuNa' sAthe joDI devAyAthI thayA hoya / priyatamA vaDe priyatamanu svAgata IsavI bIjI sadImAM thayelA pratiSThAnanA rAjA hAla sAtavAhanano, vividha kavioe racelAM prAkRtabhASAnAM muktakono je saMgraha, 'gAthAsaptazatI' ke "gAthAkoza'ne nAme jANIto che, tenI 140mI gAthA nIce pramANe cha : racchA-paiNNa-NaaNuppalA tumaM sA paDicchae etaM / dAra-Nihiehi dohiM vi maMgala-kalasehiM va thaNehiM // artha : tArA AvavAnA mArga para dRSTinAM nIlakamaLa bichAvIne ane dvArapradeza para stanakalaza rAkhIne te tAruM svAgata karavA UbhI che. ahIM, AvI rahelA nAyakanA svAgata mATe puSpo ane maMgaLa kalazane sthAne pratIkSA karatI nAyikAnA nayanakuvalayathI thato dRSTipAta ane tenA kalaza samA stana hovAnI kalpanA che. bIjA eka muktakano anuvAda huM nIce ApuM chu : taruNInA stanakalaza upara jhUlatI, rAtAMlIlAM kiraNAMkure spuratI mANekanIlamanI mALA : prItamanA hRdaya-praveza-utsava mATenA maMgaLa pUrNakalaza upara toraNe jhUlatI vaMdanamAlikA.
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________________ [88] A vicAranuM vistaraNa 'amaruzataka'nA 25mA muktakamAM jovA maLe che. ke. ha. dhruve potAnA anuvAdamAM uparyukta prAkRta gAthAno tulanA mATe nirdeza karelo che. (te ja pramANe jogaLekare potAnA 'gAthAsaptazanI'nA anuvAdamAM 'amaruzataka'nuM muktaka tulanA mATe ApyuM che.) amarunu e muktaka tathA ke.ha.dhruvano anuvAda huM nIce ApuM rcha : dIrdhA vaMdanamAlikA viracitA dRSTyaiva neMdIvaraiH puSpANAM prakaraH smitena racito no kuMda-jAtyAdibhiH / datto svedamucApayodhara-bhareNAryo na kuMbhAMbhasA svairevAyavayaiH priyasya vizatasa tanvyA kRtaM maMgalam // ('dRSTyaiva'ne badale pAThAMtara 'netrair vineM0') 'dvAre vaMdanamALa dIrgha suhave nene, na nIlotpale pUre markalaDe ja coka juvatI, nA jAIjuI phUle ne argha arape payodharajaLe, nA kuMbhakerA paye vhAlAnAM pagalAM vadhAvI vidha e aMge ja tanvI liye.' A muktakanA bhAva, saMcArI, rasa vagere vivaraNa karatAM dhruve kahyu che : 'ahIM pahelA caraNamAM autsukya, bIjA caraNamAM hAsa ane trIjA caraNamAM sveda Adi bhAva pratIta thAya che, te badhA harSa nAme saMcArI bhAvanA sahakArI banI pravAsAnaMtara saMbhogazRMgAranuM poSaNa kare che. 'sarasvatI kaMTabharaNa' pramANe samAhita alaMkAra che, te nAyakanA paritoSa rUpI dhvani, aMga che. A vilAsa nAme svabhAvaja alaMkArano dRSTAMta che. AtmopakSepa narma che. vyatireka alaMkArano dhvani che'. (pR. 25-26) / bhojakRta 'zRMgAraprakAra mAM saMbhogazRMgAranA nirUpaNamAM. ratiprakarSanA nimitta lekhe je priyAgamana-vArtA, priyasakhIvAkya vagere darzAvyAM che, temAM eka prakAra maMgalasaMvidhAnano che. priyanA svAgata mATe dadhi, durvAMkura vagaire jogavavAM te maMgalasaMvidhAna. tenuM je dRSTAMta ApyuM che, te apabhraMza bhASAmAM hoIne teno pATha ghaNo bhraSTa cha (pR. 1221). tenuM punarghaTana karatAM je keTaluM samajAya che teno artha A pramANe che : priyane Avato jotAM ja harSAvezathI tUTI paDela valaya te zveta java, hAsya sphuryu te dahIM, romAMca thayo te dUrvAMkura, prasveda te rocanA(?), vaMdana te
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________________ [ 89] maMgaLapAtra, virahotkaMThA adRzya thaI te utArIne pheMkelaM lUNa, sakhIonI (AnaMda)azrudhArA te jaLano abhiSeka, virahAnala bujhAyo te AratI-A rote priyatamanA Agamane mugdhAe maMgaLavidhi saMpanna karyo / (vI. ema. kulakarNI saMpAdita Prakrit Verses in Sanskrit Works on Poctics. bhAga 1, pariziSTa 1, pR. 34) 1 Ano ja jANe ke paDayo somaprabhe 'kumArapAlapratibodha'mAM pADyo che. kozA gaNikAe sthUlabhadrane potAne tyAM Avato joI kaI rote tenuM potAnAM aMgo vagairethI premabhAve svAgata karyu te varNavatAM kavi kahe che : kaliu dappaNu vayaNa- paumeNa rolaMba-kula-saMvaliya, kusuma-buTTi diTThihiM payAsiya / / palhattha-uvarilla thaNa, kaNaya-kalasa-maMgalla-darisiya / / caMdaNu desiu hasiya-misi, iya kosahi asamANu / ghara pavisaMtaha tAsu kiu, niya-aMgihiM saMmANu / / (1995nuM punarmudraNa, pR. 506, padyAMka 14) 'vadanarUpI darpaNa dharyu, dRSTipAto vaDe bhramara-maMDita kusumavRSTi karI, uttarIya khasI jatAM pragaTa banela stano vaDe mAMgalika kanakakalaza darzAvyA, hAsyavaDe caMdana .. ema gharamA praveza karatA sthUlabhadranu kozAe potAnAM aMgo vaDe anupama saMmAna kayuM.' chevaTe vizvanAthanA 'sAhityadarpaNa'mAMthI : atyunnata-stana-yugA taralAyatAkSI, dvAri sthitA tadupayAna-mahotsavAya / sA pUrNa-kuMbha-nava-noraja-toraNa srak-saMbhAra-maMgalamayatna-kRtaM vidhatte // 'jenuM stanayugala ati unnata che, ane netro caMcaLa tathA dIrgha che evI te taruNI priyatamanA Agamanano utsava manAvavA dvArapradezamAM UbhI che. tethI pUrNakuMbha, nIlakamaLa ane toraNamALAnI maMgaLasAmagrI kazA ja yatna vagara upasthita thaI gaI che.' Ama, mULe bIja rUpe jovA maLatuM eka kAvyAtmaka bhAvanuM varNana uttarottara paraMparAmAM kavio dvArA kevu vistaraNa pAmatuM jAya che tenuM A eka sarasa udAharaNa che.
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________________ [90] 'jugAijiNidacariyaM' nA eka padyano AdhAra vardhamAnasUrie temanI 'jugAIjiNiMdacariya', vagere kRtiomAM pUrva paraMparAono ThIkaThIka lAbha lIdho cha / 'jugAijiNidacariya' (racanAkAla I.sa. 1104)mA RSabhanAthanA dhanasArthavAha tarIkenA pahelA bhavanA varNanamAM dhana eka savAre je maMgaLapAThaka vaDe uccArAtuM maMgaLa padya sAMbhaLe che te nIce pramANe che (mudrita pATha azuddha hoIne zuddha karI Apyo che) : kumuya-vaNamasohaM pauma-saMDaM susohaM amaya-vigaya-soyaM ghUya-cakkANa cakkaM / pasiDhila-kara-jAlo jAi atthaM mayaMko udayagiri-sirattho bhAi bhANU pasattho // (pR. 4, padyAMka 43) saMskRta chAyA : kumuda-vanamazobhaM padmaSaMDaM suzobhaM amada-vigata-zokaM ghUka-cakrANAM cakram // prazithila-kara-jAlo yAti astaM mRgAMka udayagiri-zira-stho bhAti bhAnuH prazastaH // A nIce ApelA mAghakRta 'zizupAlavadha'nA jANItA padya (11, 64)no ja prAkRta anuvAda cha : kumuda-vanamapani zrImadaMbhoja-khaMDaM tyajati mudamulUkaH prItimAMzcakravAkaH / udayamahimarazmiryAti zItAMzurastaM hata-vidhi-lalitAnAM hI vicitro vipAkaH // vardhamAnasUrie AnuM codhuM caraNa choDI dIdhuM che /