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THE WORLD OF JAINISM
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a result the centre of Jainism shifted from Bihar to Gujarat and the second Jaina Council was held at Valabhi, in Gujarat, in 454 A.D.
Jainas form the richest community in India today. They are prosperous as marchants and traders and their temples display their affluence, Jaina monks have helped to develop languages like Ardhamagadhi which was the language spoken by Mahavira. The monks in the South influenced the develop ment of Kannada literature. Jainism served as a source of inspiration to the development of jaina art and architecture in India. Mount Abu, Palitana, and Shravana Belgola are the best examples of Jaina art and culture.
1. Rhys Davids, T. W., Buddhist India (Delhi, 1970), p. 111. 2. Barua B., A History of Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy (Calcutta,
1921), p. 192. 3. Basham A. L., The Ajivikas (London, 1951) p. 11. 4. Barua, B., op. cit., p. 372. 5. Basham, op. cit., p. 30. 6. Ibid., p. 59. 7. Morris R. Ed., Anguttara Nikaya (London, 1885-1900) Vol. I, pp. 286
287, 331. 8. Stevenson, Mrs. Sinclair, The Heart of Jainisim, (New Delhi, 1970),
p . 50. 9. Jacobi, H. Tr., Sacred Books of the East (SBE) Vol. XXII, Pt. I
(Delhi, 1968), Kalpa Sutra. pp. 281-285. 10. Ibid., pp. 276-179. 11. Ibid., pp. 271-275. 12. 'Stevenson, op. cit., p. 49. 13. Kalpa Sutra, S.B.E. XXII, pt. I, pp. 231-238. 14. 'Ibid., p. 247 15. Ibid., p. 255; Akaranga Sutra, SBE, XXII, pt. I, p. 192. 16. Kalpa Sutra, S.B.E., XXII, Pt. I, pp. 260-261. 17. Ibid., p. 264. 18. Ibid., p. 266. 19. Stevenson, op. cit., pp. 12-13. 20. Ibid., p. 17.
