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on that science. In this spiritual scripture.'' abstinence has been accepted as the essence of conduct. Abstinence means giving up all sorts of violent activities. This is the principal aim of the asceticâs conduct.
In the Upanisads there are discussions, about the existence of soul, but the doctrine of six classes of living beings is an absolutely original contribution of the Jainas. There is mention of mobile beings and also plant life in nonJain literature, but the exposition of other lypes of living beings such as, immobiles like the earth-bodied, etc. and the scientific classification of beings based on the number of senses is exclusively a contribution of the Jainas. In the Sutrakrtanga" and other subsequent scriptures, 12 the doctrine of six classes of living beings has found universal acceptance.
The attribution of pleasure and pain to the immobile beings such as, earth-bodied creatures is also an absolutely novel contribution. The comparison of the plant body with human organism in this context attracts the altention of the modern scholars. The doctrine of the weapons of injury to the living beings opens up a new vista of research in this field. Attention is spontaneously drawn to the description of such weapons and the logical argumentation to prove the category of sentient beings. Thus the present chapter is uniquely important from a number of standpoints
1. Acaranga Niryukti. Gātha 31. 2. Ibid. Gatha 33.
Dasavcaliyam. 6/8 4. Acaranga Niryukti, Gálha 35:
jivo chakkayaparūvaņa ya lesim vahe ya bamdholli.
viraic ahigaro, satthaparinnae nayavvo.. 5. Angasuttani 1. Samavāo 17/2:
sallarasavihe samjame pannalle, lam jaha--pudhavikayasmjame aukāyasamjame Icukayasam jame văukayasamjame vaņssaikayasamjame beim diyasamja me tiemdiyasamjamc caurimdiyasamjame pamcimdiyasamjame ajıvakāyasamjame pchasamjame upchásamjame avahallu-samjame pamajjanásamjame manasamjame
vaisamjame kāyasmjamc. 6. Ayaro, 1.5. 7. Scc the note of Ayaro, 1.5. 8. Ayāro, 1.6. 9. Angasutlani 1, Samavão, 9/3 nava bambhaccrå panntiá, lam jaha---samgahani
gaha-satthapariņna logavijao, siosanijjam sammaltam.
ávamti dhutam vimohāyaṇam, uvahănasuyam mahaparinna.. 10. Ayaro, 1.7 11. Angasultāṇi 1, Suyagado, 1/9/8,9 12. Dasaveyaliyam, IV.
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