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attaining to the loftiest spiritual heights, hence they should be equally condemned as unwholesome for the healthiest development of the self. But from the vyavahāra point of view if the empirical finds it difficult to rise to spiritual heights, it should develop auspicious psychical states, but with the clear knowledge, that psychical states will in no way enable the self to realise the pure states of self. The inauspicious psychical states should by all means be disapproabated.
In the end we may say that to make Anekāntic reality intelligible from the metaphysical perspective, dravyārthika and paryāyārthika nayas are necessary and to make an axiological assessment of Anekāntic reality from the spiritual perspective, niscaya and vyavahāra nayas can not be dispensed with.
References: 1. Aplamimamsă, 15, 34,56 : (Muni- Anantakirti Granthamālā, Bombay) 2. Studies in Jaina Philosophy, p. 18.: (By Nathmal Talia, Pārsvanātha Vidyāśrma, Varanasi) 3. Pancastikāya, Comm. 10.: (Srimad Rajacandra Aśrama, Agas) 4. Pancāstikāya, comm. Amrtacandra, 10.; 5. Taltvārthasútra, V. 41. Under the title Sarvārthasiddhi : (Bhāratiya Jñana Pitha, Kasi) 6. Pravacanasāra, V. 16 (Edited by Dr. A.N. Upadhye, Srimad Rajacandra Aśrama Agas) 7. Aptamimamsā, 72. 8. Pravacanasāra, Introduction, A.N. Upadhye, p. L. XVI 9. Sărvarthaisiddhi, V.31. 10. Ibid. 11. Pravacanasāra, Comm. Amrtacandra, II.5 12. Kārttikeyānupreksā, 236: (Rajacandra Asrama, Agas) 13. Aptamīmamsā, 34. 14. Niyamasāra, Comm. Padmaprabhamaladharideva, 34 : (Sri Kundakunda, Kahana
Digambara Jaina tirtha Suraksa Trust, Jaipur) 15. Saptabhangitarangini, p. 78: (Rajacandra Asrama, Agas) 16. Pancadhyāyi, I. 15: (Mālikā Granthaprakasa Kāryālaya, Indore) 17. Pañcâstikāya, 8. 18. Yuktyānusāsana, 43 : (vīra Sevā Mandira, Daryaganj, Delhi) 19. Tattvārthasūtra, 1.6 under the title Sarvärthasiddhi. 20. Sarvärthasiddhi, I. 6 21. Syadvādamañjari, 27 : (Rajacandra Asrama, Agas) 22. Samayasara, 4. : (Edited by Balbhadra Jain, Jaina Vidya Samsthāna, Digambara Jaina
Atisaya Ksetra Sri Mahaviraji) 23. Ibid. 144. 24. Ibid. 141, 142 25. Ibid. 128, 129 26. Ibid. 130, 131
Former Professor of Philosophy M.L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur (Rajasthan)
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