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APAHNUTI ALANKARA A CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Dhananjaya Bhanja
I. Introduction :
In the text tradition of Sanskrit Poetics, the alankara's enjoy a secondary status. Still the importance of the alankara's cannot be undermined on the face of the fact that, each and every rhetoricians beginning from Bharata (1st C. B.C.) till the date. have discussed those, either in a full chapter or even have composed independent books on alankara's. In course of time the number of alankara's has increased from four () of Bharata to two hundred nine (209) of Kesava Miśra (16th C. A.D.). The logical necessity of the divisions and sub-divisions are of great importance.
In the present paper it is proposed to study the historical development of the alaǹkāra, apahnuti. its definitions. its varieties and the reason(s) why it should be distinct alankara. For a systematic presentation, the present paper is arranged on the following heads :
i. Historical development of the concept of apahnuti alankara ii. Its definition and illustrations
iii. Distinct features of apahnuti alaṁkāra iv. It's varieties
v. Apahnuti vis-a-vis other related alankaras
vi. Observations in the form of Conclusion
Let us now proceed to discuss these points one by one.
II. Historical Development of the Concept of Apahnuti:
As mentioned earlier, Bharata had maintained only four (4) alankaras, namely upama. yamaka, rupaka and dipaka. Its only in the text of Bhamaha, (6th c. A.D.) we get the definition of this alankara. In Dandin's (6th c. A.D.) Kavyadarśa, also we have the definition of apahnuti. Later text writers like Udbhața, Vamana, Rudrata, Bhoja, Kuntaka, Mammata, Ruyyana, Vägbhaṭṭa (I), Hemacaodra, Sobhakaramitra, Jaydeva, Vidyanatha, Sangharakṣita, Vidyadhara, Viswanatha, Amṛtānandayati, Vagbhaṭṭa (II), Appaya Diksita, Kesavamiśra, Panditarāja Jagannatha, Ciranjiva, Narendraprabhasūri, Bbavadeva sūrī, Narasingha Kavi, Veņidatta, Devasankar Purohita, Visweswara and Śrī Kṛṣṇabrahmatantra Parakala Śwāmi have given the definition of apahnuti with illustra
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