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STUDIES IN JAINA ART
can be seen on stone sculptures also, at Deogodh (fig. 43), Ābu, Kumbhāriā and other places. Whether the motif existed at Mathurā, Kankāli Țilá, or not is not known, but the symbol preceding the mangala-kalasa in the lower panel of the Ayagapatta of Sihavanika (Coemaraswamy, HIIA, fig.70) comes very near this conception. (However, it is equally probable that it represented the bhadrâsana).
____Sthapana is, therefore, a pretty old practice, referred to by Jinabhadra gani Kşamāśramaņa as quoted above, and by the Anuyogadvāracūrņi, which mentions the accessories for a sādhu in the practice of dharma; they are : thavana (sthapana ), muhapatti ( mukhapattikā), danda-paunchanam ( dandaprońchanaka ) and javamālia (japamālikā ). The sthāpanā is for the practice of the virtue of vinaya or showing respect to and obedience to the elders.
The mukhapattikā, a piece of cloth held in front of the mouth by a Jaina monk while speaking, is a symbol of samyama or control of speech and also is understood as prescribed for preventing insects from entering the mouth and being killed.1 The Mukhapattika, or a month-piece, is a very ancient Jaina practice used by Gautama, the ganadhara of Mahavira.. The Brhat-kalpabhāşya prescribes its size, which is equal to sixteen angulas and is then folded so as to appear as a small square piece to be held in front of the mouth.
1 Discussed in Paricavastnprakarana, Yatidinacarya ; Oghaniryuktivrtti, etc., where the following gatha is usually quoted :
संपाइमरयरेणुपमज्जणछा वयंति मुहपत्तिं ।
नासं मुह च बंधइ, तीए क्सहिं पमज्जंतो ।। 2 Vivāgasuyam, I adhyayana. ३ चउरंगुलं विहत्थी एयं मुहणंतगस्स उ पमाणं । बितीय पि य पमाणं मुहप्पमाणेण कायव्वं ।।
-Brhatkalpa-bhāsya, Vol. 4, v. 3982. Cf. Pindaniryukti ( DLPF. no. 44, Bombay, A.D. I918) with comm. of Malayagiri, p. 13:
पायस्स पडोयारो दुनिसिज्ज तिपट्ट पोत्ति रयहरणं ।
एए उ न वीसामे जयणा संकामणा धुवणं ॥ २८॥ Comm :- प्रत्यवतार्यते पात्रमस्मिन्निति प्रत्यवतारः-उपकरणं पात्रस्य प्रत्यवतारः-पात्रवर्ज: पात्रनिर्योगः षधिः , तथा रजोहरणस्य सक्ते द्वे निषधे, तद्यथा-- बाह्या अभ्यन्तरा च, इह सम्प्रति दशिकामिः सह या दण्डिका क्रियते सा सूत्रनीत्या केवलैव भवति न सदशिका, तस्या निषद्यात्रय, तत्र या दण्डिकाया उपरि एकहस्तप्रमाणायामा तिर्यग्वेष्टकत्रयपृथुत्वा कम्बलीखण्डरूपा सा आद्या निषद्या, तिर्यग् बहुभिर्वेष्टकैरावेष्टयन्ती किञ्चिदधिकहस्तप्रमाणायामा हस्तप्रमाणमात्रपृथुत्वा वस्त्रमयी निषद्या सा अभ्यन्तरा निषद्योच्यते, तृतीया तु तस्या एवाभ्यन्तरनिषद्यायास्तिर्यग्वेष्टकान् कुर्वती चतुरमुलाधिकैकहस्तमाना चतुरस्रा कम्बलमयी भवति, सा चोपवेशनोपकारित्वादधुना पादप्रोच्छन कमिति रूढा, सा बाद्या निषधेत्य
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