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60
STUDIES IN JAIN LITERATURE
subjectmatter.
(x) Kahāvali of Bhadreśvara (11th century A. D.) : Bhadreśvara's version of the Rāmāyana is based on the Paümacariya. For the motif of the picture of Rāvana drawn by Sītā which is not found in the Paümacariya, Bhadreśvara seems to be indebted to Haribhadrasūri.
Hemacandra adopts this highly important feature in the Rāma legend which he gives in the Trişastišalākāpuruşacarita.
(xi) Trişastiśalākāpuruşacarita of Hemacandra
(xii) Yogaśāstrasvopajñavrtti (12th century A. D.) : In spite of the fact that the two versions are by one and the same author, they betray some remarkable deviation which we have already noted. The Ys version is in general agreement with the Paümacariya; it shows acquaintance also with the Padmapurāna, and the version of Sanghadāsa.
(a) In his TSPC version (based on the Paümacariya and the Padmapurana) Hemacandra follows Vālmīki in relating the episode of the fight between Vālin and Rāvana and the latter's humiliation. .
(b) Daśaratha, after his marriage with Kaikeyi, does not return to Ayodhyā but goes to Rājagrha, conquers the king of Magadha, stays there, gets his family there, and lives there for a long time, out of fear of Rāvana. It is there that Rāma and Laksmana are born. And when he feels himself invincible on account of his powerful sons, he goes to Ayodhyā with his whole family; and it is at Ayodhyā that Bharata and Satrughna are born.
(c) Aparājitā dreams four dreams and Sumitrā seven which indicate the birth of two mighty sons.
(d) Khara was the husband of Candranakhā, and Dūsana and Triśiras were his younger brothers.
(e) Hemacandra speaks of four Mahādevīs of Rāma but does not refer to the larger number of 8,000 wives
(f) According to Hemacandra, Rāma goes in search of his wife whom he has repudiated. Not finding her, he believes her to be devoured by some wild beast. He goes home and performs her sraddha.
(xiii) Śatruñjayamāhātmya of Dhaneśvarasüri (14th century A. D.) : Dhaneśvara adds the episode of king Anaranya and the image of Pārsvanātha with a view to glorifying the power and grace of Pārsvanātha's image and the
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