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66 : śramaņa, Vol 63, No. 4, Oct.-Dec. 2012 description of reality. Without being clear about the definition of utpāda, vyaya etc. the definition of reality is incomplete. Definition of Utpāda Umāsvāti did not define the definition of utpāda, vyaya etc. so let me quote the definition of utpāda.
svajātyaparityāgena bhāvāntarāvāptirutpāda. Ācārya Akalanka (8th cent. A.D.), the commentator of TattvārthaRājavārtika who explains utpāda as the modification of a substance without giving up its own nature.
With a slight difference Ācārya Pūjyapāda Devanandī (9th cent. A.D.) defines utpāda or origination as : cetanasyācetanasya vā dravyasya svām jātimajahat ubhaya nimittavaśād/bhāvāntarāvāptirutpādanamutpādah mặtpindasya ghata
paryāyavat//
The attainment of other modes by souls or other substances by means of external and internal causes, without giving up their essential characteristics is reality. For instance, the production of a pitcher from clay.
The Definition of Vyaya As per Akalanka, vyaya is the disappearance of its form. Ācārya Pūjyapāda defines vyaya as : Tathā pūrvabhāvābhigamana vyayaḥ yathā ghatotpattau pinaďakşteh.? "The loss of the former mode is destruction. For instance the loss of the lump shape of clay in the production of the pitcher."
The Definition of Dhrauvya Ācārya Pūjyapāda defines dhrauvya, as there is neither annihilation nor origination of the inherent nature, it is permanent of quality. That is, it is permanent. For instance, clay continues to exist in the lump, the pitcher and in its broken parts. So, reality retains its
