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PIOTR BALCEROWICZ
SOME REMARKS ON THE NAYA METHOD
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
In this hierarchical model every subsequent viewpoint introduces a new indexical co-ordinate: the only exception being the first naya, the comprehensive viewpoint (naigama), in the case of which the context-defining parameters remain indeterminate and the interpretation is open 1. the comprchensive (naigama): < >
the collective (sangraha) i= <C> the empirical (vyavahara): i- <ca>
the direct (ju-sutra): 1=<,4,1 >
the verbal (sabda): = <0,0,1,I> 6. the etymological (samabhirudha): =<,2,1,1,e> 7. the factual (evan-huta): 1=<C,0,1,1,,s>
Thus, the truth-value of the utterance a is not simply llall - 1 for truth or all 0 for falsity, but rather all - 1 oral -0, in so far as the utterance a is by necessity always understood according to the interpretation at a particular point of reference I. Accordingly, the domain D of possible interpretations of the utterancesa, B.ye is mapped onto the class A of actual denotata via the context delimiled by iel.
That is why one may consistently express both 'Devadatta is' and 'Devadatta is not,' or 'hedgehog is' and 'hedgehog is not in one breath without involving any contradiction. What one actually expresses is not a Ana, but rather, for instance,
n a' ('There are hedgehogs in the world, but there is no hedgehog here and now"), or asn-1 (I have a pet hedgehog but it is not a hog that is presently in the hedge"), ctc.
Thus, at least as far as the theory of the nayas is concerned, the claim of multifaceted reality (anekánta) not only does not involve any contradiction but it also does not necessitate any admission of multi-valued logic and can be understood with the classical interpretation of the law of non-contradiction or the law of the excluded middle.
- Angultura-nikaya. 5 Vols., ed. R. Morris & E. Hardy, Pali Text
Society, London 1885-1900. AņD
- Nandi-sultan and Anuoga-ddardin (Nandi-sutra and Anuynga
dvárani). Ed. Muni Punyavijaya, Dalsukh Malvania, Amrital Mohanlal Bhojak. Jaina-Agama-Series No. 1, Shri Mahavira Jaina
Vidyalaya, Bombay 1968. AYVD
- Hemacandra: Anya-yoga-vyavuccheda-vatrimvika. Sec: SVM. BALCEROWICZ - Balcerowicz, Piotr: "On the Relationship of the Myüydvatáru and (forthcoming) the Sarumall-tarka-prukurana,' a paper delived at the xr World
Sanskrit Conference, Turin, April 3" - 8", 2000. to be published
in: Indologicu Taurinensia, Turin 2002 BALCEROWICZ 1994 - Balcerowicz, Piotr: Zarys dzinijskiej toonil pomania' (The Outline of
Jaina Epistemology) Studia Indologiczne 1 (1994) 12-67. Warsaw]. BALCEROWICZ 2000 - Balcerowicz, Piotr: 'On the Date of the Nyayivatára,' in: On the
Understanding of Other Cultures. Proceedings of the International Conference on Sanskrit and Related Studies to commemorate the Centenary of the Birth of Stanislaw Schayer (1899-1941), Warsaw University, Poland, October 7-10, 1999, Ed. by Piotr Balcerowicz
and Marek Mejor. Studia Indologiczne 7 (2000) 17-57. [Warsaw]. BALCEROWICZ 2001a - Balcerowicz, Piotr: Jaina Epistemology in Historical and
Comparative Perspective. Critical Edition und English Translation of Logical-Epistemological Treatises: Nyāydvatāru, Nyayavatara-vivsti and Nyawivatāra-rippana with Introduction and Notes. 1-2 Vols., Alt- und Neu-Indische Studien 53,1-2,
Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2001. BALCEROWICZ 2001b - Balcerowicz, Piotr: 'The logical structure of the nay method of
the Jainas. Journal of Indian Philosophy 29/3 (2001) 379-403. BALCEROWICZ 2001c - Balcerowicz, Piotr: 'Two Siddhasenas and the Authorship of the
Nyxayvvatara and the Summuti-turka-prakarunal Journal of
Indian Philosophy 29/3 (2001) 351-578. BHARUCHA-KAMAT - Bharucha, F. and Kamat, R.V.: 'Syudveida theory of Jainism in terms 1984
of devial logic', Indian Philosophical Quarterly 9 (1984) 181-187. GANERI 2002 - Ganeri, Jonardon: Jaina Logic. A 7-Valued Paraconsistent System
History and Philosophy of Logic, typescript, forthcoming. GOKILALE 1991 Gokhale, Pradeep P.: 'The logical Structure of Syudada", Journal
of Indian Council of Philosophical Research 8 (1991) 73-81.
[Reprinted: SHAH (2000: 75-86). JACOB 1907-1911 - Jacob, (Colonel] G.A.: A Hundful of Popular Muxims Current in
Sanskrit Literature (Luukiku-ryuya-manjalth), Vol. 1-3, Tukaram Jāvaji's Nimaya-Sagara Press, Bombay 1907-1909-1911. [Reprinted: Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishstan, Delhi 1995).
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This contextlessness' (the empty contents of <>) of the naigama-nawa may be the reason why Siddhascna Divakara in his STP does not include the comprehensive viewpoint (nuigama) in his classification of the nayas at all.
