________________
44
THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF JAINISM
passion is of lifelong duration. Degree 3 of a major passion is of one year duration. Degree 2 of a major passion lasts 4 months. Degree 1 of a major passion is the level called smouldering passions and is of a fortnight duration. Degree zero of all major passions implies a higher spiritual state.
We mentioned Four (principal) Passions- Anger, Pride, Deceit and Greed. In fact, these four are also responsible for subsidiary passions or sentiments of nine kinds, namely laughter, pleasure, displeasure, sorrow, fear, disgust and sexual cravings for male/female and hermaphrodite. Worrying is included in “fear" etc but more as a part of violence to oneself to be discussed in the next chapter.
5.5 GLOSSARY
1. Activities = Yoga
Volition = Bhāva
2
:
Five Karmic Agents Perverted Views = Mithyādarśana Nonrestraint = Avirati Carelessness = Pramāda Four Passions (principal) = Kaṣāya Activities = Yoga (Subsidiary Passions = No-Kaşāya)
NOTES P.S. Jaini, p. 112. “The energy quality, “perverted" by this impurity, produces vibrations (yoga), which bring about the influx (āsrava) of different kinds of material karma. The vibrations referred to here actually denote the volitional activities of the individual. Such activities can be manifested through either body, speech, or mind;..." P.S. Jaini, p. 113. “The precise amount (pradeśa) of karma that engulfs the soul after a given activity is said to depend upon the degree of volition with which that activity was carried out. The type of activity, moreover, determines the specific nature (prakrti) assumed by the theretofore undifferentiated karmic matter...... As for the duration (sthiti) and result (anubhava) of given karmas-how long they will cling to the soul and what precise momentary effect they will eventually have upon it-these are fixed by the degree to which such passions (kaşāya) as anger and lust coloured the original activity. Once a karma has given its result, it falls away (nirjarā) from the soul "like ripe fruit", returning to the undifferentiated state and thus to the infinite pool of "free" karmic matter;......"
