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THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF JAINISM
candidates for liberation. There is an unselfish longing to help other souls towards liberation with equanimity. Positive non-violence causes the evils of exploitative and destructive behaviour to be recognised. This aspect of positive non-violence is the practical application of Axiom 4B.
Effects on the Four Passions
in order to reach the fourth stage, austerities are not mentioned explicitly anywhere, but implicitly it is assumed that they are required since, to be in the fourth purification stage, one has to have all the degrees of the Four Passions down to level three which cannot be achieved without restraint. In any case, non-violence cannot occur without self-restraint.
The first awakening removes some of the karmons leading to a moderate degree of self-control/ restraint, i.e. one does not get into a fit of anger, intriguing deceit, blinding pride, devouring greed etc. Further, on the perfection of the fourth purification stage, there will be evidence of more tolerance and less anger, more humility and less pride, more straightforwardness and less deceit, more contentment and less greed.
7.4 STAGE FIVE TO STAGE ELEVEN
As already seen in $7.3, when perverted views are replaced by True Insight one rises to the fourth stage. At the fifth stage one starts working to achieve even greater restraint; that is, one follows vai vows that lead to partial restraint. At the sixth stage, full restraint is accomplished.
The fifth stage is equivalent to the way of life of the ordinary layman whereas the sixth stage corresponds to following the path of a monk. At stage six, i.e. at the state of full restraint, full discipline and higher vows are achieved. How these various stages are achieved is described in Chapter 8.
At stage seven, one removes Carelessness to zero, implying also that anger goes to zero and therefore this stage is called the Carelessness-free stage. However, some remnants of the Four Passions still persist. At stages eighth, nine and ten one tries through meditation to decrease the degree of Pride, Deceit and Greed to the zeroth degree respectively. The eighth, ninth and tenth stages of meditational attainment are: Unprecedented Spiritual Progress, Advanced Spiritual Activity and Suppressed Subtle Greed respectively. Table 7.2 summarises the details of these stages.
When in these states, if the Four Passions are suppressed rather than eliminated, then one will only be able to reach the eleventh stage
