Rules Concerning Speech in The Ayaranga and Dasaveyaliya Sutras

Author(s): Collete Caillat
Publisher: Z_Aspect_of_Jainology_Part_3_Pundit_Dalsukh_Malvaniya_012017.pdf

Page 12

Collette Caillat
tah' eva gão dujjhão dammā ............ ................ n'evam bhāsejja pannavami
So, "a thoughtful (monk) should not say: '(these) cows should be milked, tamed ....'. He should say: 'this is a young bull', 'this is a milk cow',
juvam-gave tti nam büyā, dhenum rasa-daya tti va?. There can be little doubt that all these rules more or less echo what is to be found in the different sections of the Dhs. But the Jainas adapt them and expatiate further. After they have mentioned the highest beings, the pancendiya-pāņas, they jump to the other extremity of the animate world of the chajjiva-nikāyas-to the immobile jivas, viz, trees (and their fruit), plants, etc.3, which naturally must also be respected, as prescribed in ten slokas (7,26-35) : in fact, all the jivas come to be protected thanks to the warnings against and condemnation of bhữovaghāiņi bhāsā.
Thus, following the thread offered by the first part of Dasav 7 and (though perhaps not so clearly) by Ayār 2.4, we have encountered many of the prescriptions found in the DhS; it is obvious, nevertheless, that, in the Jaina suttas, they are integrated in a comparatively well-defined general structure.
The second part of Dasav 7 warns against colloquial expressions which, in fact, are misleading, as they confuse right and wrong.4 Some concern, for instance, festive entertainments, (crossing, etc., of) rivers .... (36-39), in short, precisely those actions which are criticised in the above quoted khandas of ApDhS (1.11.3132) and connected brahmanic texts : the Jainas retain most of the circumstances detailed in the DhS chapter(s), but, in the present development, they focus the attention on what is commonly-lightly said about them. Caution is also required if the monk should mention actions or preparations which are usually said to be “well done", "well cooked”,
su-kade tti su-pakke tti ..., though they actually imply injury to living beings ! further, he should not issue orders and assertions which might be inconsiderate. Thus, in all the above circumstances, the monk is warned against rashness and lack of self-control6 :
tah' edasamjayam ....... ........... n'evam bhāsejja pannavam.? 1. Cf. Ayār 2.4.2.9. 2. Dasav 7.24-25, cf. Ayār 2.4.2.7-10.
Compare supra, ApDhS, etc. Cf. Ayar 2.4.11-16. Cf. the "lesson" on the six jiva-nikayas, at the beginn
ing of Dasav 4, ed. Leumann, p. 614-5. 4. Cf. Dasav 7. 48-49.
Dasav 7.41-42., cf. Ayar 2.4.2.3-6. 6. Dasav 7. 43.47. 7. Dasav 7.47; ( – 29 d; on the contrary evam bh. p., 39d=44d).