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Religion, Practice and Science of Non-Violence
United Nations Organization
During the Second World War successive attempts were made by the Allied Powers to design a new basis of world order which should be stronger and more comprehensive. A series of international declaration were published, defining the principles of a new order which was to be named the United Nations, because its original members were united against the NaziFascist Axis. Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, and Franklin Roosevelt, President of the United States, drew up a common programme of purposes and principles, the Atlantic Charter in August 1941. It recognized the right of all peoples to choose their form of Government. Then in October, 1943, the Government of the four Big Powers, the United States, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and China-France was still under the Nazi yoke-issued the Moscow Declaration, which stated the necessity of establishing a general international order based on the principles of sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership of all such states. Finally a Conference of the United Nations convened in San Francisco, in April, 1945, drew up the Charter of the United Nations, which replaced the Covenant of the League.
The Charter of the United Nations (signed on June 26, 1945) stated: We the peoples of the United Nations determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
To reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights ...
To promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom ...
To practice tolerance and live together in peace...
To insure ... that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and
To employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic and social advancement of all peoples, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims.
In the event of a state refusing to carry out the decisions of the United Nations, Article 41 of the Charter states: The Security Council may decide what measures, not involving the use of armed force, are to be employed to give effect to its decisions, and it may call upon the Members of the United
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