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Scientific Study of Non-Violence
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(6) Legislation.
Information as such does not necessarily alter either attitude or action. Its gains are less than those of other educational methods. There is however, virtually no evidence that sound factual information, does any harm. Perhaps its value may be long delayed, and may consist in driving wedges of doubt and discomfort into the stereotypes of the prejudiced. It seems likely, too, that the greater gains ascribed to other educational (e.g. project) methods require sound factual instruction as a basis.
Vicarious experience approach employs movies, dramas, fiction and other devices that invite the students to identify themselves with members of an out-group. These are effective because they induce identification with minority group members, though the students participation is only passive.
Contact and acquaintance programme call for field trips, area-surveys, work in social agencies or community programmes. Exhibitions, festivals and pageants encourage a sympathetic regard for the customs of minority groups, and call for active participation of the student. The student develops a direct contact with minorities instead of gathering mere information about them. The gain is greater if these members regard themselves as part of a team.
Through group re-training a group is taught what it is like to be in another's shoes. It makes use of group discussion, socio-drama etc.
Individual therapy comprises individual conferences which allow for therapeutic interviews and counselling and catharsis. If his statements have been exaggerated, and unfair-as they usually are—the resulting shame modifies his anger and induces a more balanced point of view.
It is not recommended that every programme start off by inviting catharsis. To do so would create a negative atmosphere at the outset. It is most likely to be needed when people feel that they themselves are under attack. When this situation prevails, no progress can be made until catharsis is allowed. With patience, skill and luck, the leader may then at the right moment guide the catharsis into constructive channels.
Mass media of communication such as newspapers, radio and television can prove of immense help, provided they are
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