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Exercise 39
Irregular Past Participle:
For expresing the Past Tense in Prākṛta, the suffixes of the Past Tense and the Past Participle are used. For the Past Participle a/ya, ta, da suffixes are added to the Verbs1 as,
Hasa+a/y, ta, da = Hasia/Hasiya/Hasita/Hasida Laughed Thaa/ya, ta, da = Thaa/Thaya, Thāta, Thada = Stayed Jha+a/ya, ta, da = Jhaa/Jhāya/Jhata, Jhāda = Maditated etc. In this way the Past Participles which are formed by adding a/ya, ta, da to the Verbs are known as the Regular Past Participles. In these, the original form of the Verb can be understood by separating the suffixes from them. In the Masculine Gender the inflection of these will be according to Deva, in the Neuter Gender the inflection will be according to Kamala and In the Feminine Gender the inflection will be according to Kahȧ.
On the contrary, the Past Participles which are obtained without adding a/ya, ta, da suffixes to the Verbs are known as the Irregular Past Participles. In these, the original form of the Verb can not be understood by separating the suffixes from them, as,
Vutta
= is/are told,
Dittha
= is/are seen,
Dinna
= is/are given etc.
All these are the Irregular Past Participles. From these the Verbs can not be separated. The inflection of these will be according to Deva in the Masculine Gender, will be according to Kamal in the Neuter Gender, and will be according to Kaha in the Feminine Gender.
The Past Participles (regular or irregular) constructed from the
Note :
1. See lessons 42 and 57 of "Prākṛta Grammar and Composition".
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