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SAMVARA
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difficulty in ascertaining for himself. As regards the three higher forms of knowledge, the avadhi (clairvoyance), the manaħparyaya (telepathy) and the kevala jñānas (omniscience), they are obstructed by lack of inner concentration of mind due to sensual lust, passions, worry and the like, since they arise in the consciousness of advanced munis (ascetic saints), who become established in the contemplation of their ātmans.
The specific causes of the darśanāvarāṇīya group of karmic forces are those which interfere with the different kinds of perceptive faculties. Kevala darśana is the natural function of jīva dravya, and arises from the destruction of the ghātiyā karmas. The causes which obstruct its manifestation, therefore, are all those that give rise to the ghātiyā karmas. The same is the case, to some extent, with avadhi darśana (clairvoyant vision) which also arises from a partial destruction of evil karmas. Hence, anger, pride, deceit and greed, which deprive the soul of mental serenity and lead to worry and disquietude of mind, are directly the causes of the obstruction of these two kinds of darśana (perception).
Turning to chakshu darśana (vision), its development and functioning are generally prevented by the malformation of the eyes or visual centres of the brain. In either case, it is the clogging of some part of the organic structure which is responsible for the total or partial destruction of vision, while the clogging itself is due to the lodgment of particles of matter in a place where they should not be. Impropery exercise of the function of vision; such as pretending not to see, affecting disgust at the sight of a being or thing, especially when he or it happens to be an object of worship and veneration, and other like deeds, which throw the organs of vision into an unnatural, strained or crooked attitude, and thereby allow the incoming particles of matter to find a lodgment in a place not intended for them, are the main causes of a total or partial absence of vision. Besides these, the influence of
suggestion as a general psychological cause of malformation is not to be ignored, and many cases are reported in the records of psychical research in which the sight of painful wounds and the like has occasioned similar conditions in the beholders thereof. Hence, acts such as pulling out the eye-balls of another from their sockets, and then feeling delight
