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NIRJARĀ
49
their limbs, overloading them or neglecting to feed them properly. Of the five types of living beings, the onesensed and the like, a layman is forbidden to kill, or destroy, intentionally and without justification, all except the lowest (the one-sensed, such as vegetables, herbs, cereals, etc., which are endowed with only the sense or
touch). (ii) Refraining from falsehood. This vow is transgresed by re
vealing the secrets of others, harsh speech, forgery and
the like. (iii) Stealing or taking what is not freely given is the subject
matter of the third vow. Selling goods not up to sample, employment of false weights and measures, adulteration, counterfeiting current coins and notes, receiving stolen property, employment or encouragement of thieves, and barbouring of dacoits are some of the forms of its trans
gression. (iv) Refraining from indulgence in sex-passion. The muni is
naturally enjoined to practise complete control, since sexpassion is a great enemy of spiritual progress; but the layman only vows to restrict his carnal lust to his married spouse. Artificial or unnatural gratification, encouraging others in sexual lust, looking lustfully at any woman other than one's own wife, use of aphrodisiac remedies when
weak, and the like, constitute a transgression of this vow. (v) Putting a limit on one's possessions. This is calculated to
lessen constant craving, pride and the sense of material
greatness. (vi) Setting bounds to one's travels. This does not apply to a
muni, who is not allowed to use any kind of conveyances
or horses. (vii) Limiting the number of articles of bhoga (those which can
be enjoyed only once, such as food) and upabhoga (which can be enjoyed more than once, such as furniture, clothes).
The object being the control of, (nafs=lower nature), F. 7
