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and we must remain constant and trustworthy, instead of yielding to opportunistic accommodation
to life.” (6) Self restraint (Uttam Samyam) Uttam Samyam envisages both intense restraint and control over one's senses (Indriyas), as well as Prani Samyam (restraint towards other living beings. Self restraint lies at the root of practising Ahimsa, Aparigraha and Anekant not merely in thought but in conduct and expressions as well. (7) Penance ( Uttam Tapa) Penance cleanses one's soul, removes impurities and promotes the feeling of bliss. It is a potent weapon for shedding karmic attachments and bondages. Penance is both internal as well as external. Internal penance takes the form of Prayashchit (repentance) for past misdeeds, sincere and well-focussed self introspection, respecting saints and elders, and engaging in study of scriptures and other holy texts. Internal penance is aimed at moulding one's mindset, outlook and attitude in the direction of limiting desires, controlling wants, and increasingly engaging in noble deeds for the needy and the deprived in the society. External penance takes the physical form of controlling one's body and its wants and desires. This is achieved by undertaking periodic fasts, voluntary restrictions or giving up consumption of some items of food or daily necessities. (8) Renunciation ( Uttam Tyag) For Uttam tyag, the pace has been set by ascetics who after renouncing all worldly attachments endeavour to move up on the ladder of spiritual upliftment which could take them to the final stage of enlightenment by achieving Omniscience. For the lay persons, the progress towards the ladder of 14 Gunasthanas is slow and steady depending upon limitations of
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A Portrait of Jain Religion
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