Jinamanjari 2002 04 No 25

Author(s): Jinamanjari
Publisher: Canada Bramhi Jain Society Publication

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been traced to the ancient Kalinga kingdom in Orissa. This is also supported by a copperplate charter that refers to this king."
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Various component parts of Jaina temples in Andhra are noted in some Jaina inscriptions. Generally, the outer walls of the temples were bare but sometimes found decorated, and great majority of them face north and very rarely face other directions. The stepped pyramidal super structure in Andhra owes its origin to Jainism. The only extrant Jain temple at Kambadur (Anantapur district) has the pyramidal structure consisting of six diminishing talas of plain horizontal slabs. The sanctum of this temple is narrow while the low square domical sikhara has four niches containing a seated Jina. Over the front door way is the carved lintel with a small seated Jina. The mukhamantapa is rectangular in plan; the narrow antarala leads to the garbagraha whose lintel also has a seated Jina. The ceiling of the sanctum has a lotus bud with ornate petals."
Jain Architectural Forms in Karnataka
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Architectural forms in Karnataka could be identified with the dynastic name of the rulers, from Kadambas to Santāras and so on. The first reported temple in the state belongs to Kadamba King Mrgeśvaravaraman (circa fifth C.E.), commissioned in memory of his father. The Jain Meguti temple at Aihole of the times of Calukya King Pulkesin-II (634-35 C.E.) is an example of an early Dravidian style temple. Rooted in Jaina faith, the Ganga rulers commissioned temples in granite, adopting a simple rectangular plan, crowned the structure with the Dravidian tower, decked walls with simple koṣṭas and panjaras, and generally ignored the circumambulatory passages and the Dravidian pillar complex. The Camundaraya Jain temple at Śravanabelagola is perhaps the finest representative work of the Ganga school of architecture. The Jain architecture under the patronage of the Hoysala rulers maintained the main schema of the later Calukya architectural style with a single cell having an adjoining sukanāsi and navaranga; and the trikuța class the centre sanctum having openings on all the four sides - a plan of the Jaina architectural feature, which in Karnataka, is seen at Geresoppa Jain temple.3 The Jina temples at Angadi and Kubatū represent the typical Jaina school of architecture." The yakṣa images, whose concept and composition are different from that of the non-Jaina faiths, have been found invariably enshrined either at the navaranga doorway or against the walls of the sukanāsi within the temples.33
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