________________
ņabha-nabha
па
sky-sky alphabet na for zero
place value place value (left to right)
TLS, V. 24, p. 31 katapayadi system denoting zero, cf. ASG, p. 2
[Note: Here the number of hairs in a palya is given.]
gayana sunna
sky zero
zero place value
TLS, V. 309, p. 254 TLS, V. 313, p. 261
Note: The number is in place value from right to left. It is one krosa more than 7905694150 yojanas (square). Example:
chädalā suņņa sattaya uāvaņņam homti meru pahudiņas/ pamcaņņam paridhayaḥ kramanna ankakramenaival/3861/
ņabha
sunna
zero
sky zero in place value TLS, V. 770, p.
610 (right to left) zero in place value JPS, 11, 41, p.
189 (left to right) JPS, 1.135, (right to left) JPS, 10.94, p. 183 (left to right)
[Note: In TPS, the number 6648658 780504 has been the combined area of the Koloda Ocean, but related as (V. 11.47)
chavatthim adadālam atịhatthim sattasidimasidis cal pannasam ca caukkam havadi ya kālodadhisankhāl/491/
Translation: The area of the Koloda Ocean (added with the area of Jambu Island, etc.) is sixty-six, forty-eight, sixty-eight, eighty-seven, eighty, fifty and four (square yojanas).
This is an example of stating the number in decimals, place value, pairing and from left to right. The pairing is also seen in V. 10. 96, p. 183 of the same JPS, where each digit is stated and the 10 in the end is stated as "dasa", and not as 10, from left to right. Thus, combinations of two, three, etc. digits were followed for the specific purpose of expressing numerical measures in different units of time and space in astronomy. Karma theory, however, required several types of units apart from the space and time units, even beyond the theory of matter requirements, as the bios phases were required to be related with particle phases of material (pudgala).
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