________________
Verse - 8 explains the first anuyogadvāra - sat-prarūpaņao:
Santa-parūvaņadāya duviho niddeso-oghena asesena - 8 There are two kinds - [I] general and [ii] particular - 8
From verse - 5 above, the meaning of v.8 should be taken as: There are two types of descriptions - general and particular, describing general enunciation (of realities and reals) in case of the former and particularities in the latter.
* K.C. Shastri seems to have taken the terms anugama and prarūpaņa as synonymous. That is why he has used the term prarūpana while giving the sense of the quoted verses. However, it should be kept in mind that the term anugama clearly means explanation in conformity with the scriptures while the term prarūpana means the excellent examination or explanation. This excellence can arise only when the descriptions are conforming to the scriptures. Thus the idea of conformity with scriptures is automatic in this term. While defining anuyogadvāra, the word conformity should be taken in each case, and they are the methods of studies of any entity.
In general, anuyogadvāras could be applied to the studies on all realities and reals, which the early Jaina texts have employed them for the studies on the living beings. Later Jaina scholar Akalanka employs them to the non-living beings also.
Q. How to define jīvasamāsas (spiritual stages)? A. This term is the substratum in which the living beings are observed to be existing during the bhāva (modal) development.**
** They are described in the Tattvarthasutra and other. According to some scholars, there are six types where they add mixed or conjunctional mode. However, five kinds are popular in the tradition. Though these modes have karmic and non-karmic origins in the scriptures, currently they form important part of psychology in explaining, controlling and improving human behaviour or mental states, such as repression, regression, denial, projection, sublimation, displacement, rationalization, redirection, compensation and dissolution. According to the religious interpretation, better or purer the bhāva better will be the religiosity, happiness and spirituality, and jīvasamāsas are specific steps.
Q. Where do these living beings exist or reside for their purpose ? A. They reside in their qualities or attributes which are developed gradually through jīvasamāsas.
65
Jain Education International
For Private & Personal Use Only
www.jainelibrary.org
