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less and less space than each of their previous ones, karma particles being only at the 8th rank. (This Leaves 15 more finer and finer groupings). According to present discoveries it is estimated that one c c. of air contains ten billion billions of molecules and that an atom has a diameter of only one hundred millionth of a centimeter. Jain Tirthankaras and Sarvagnas' have seen and experienced matter even at still finer levels. The happenings referred to above are only between Jiva and this Karma pudgala. The remaining four tattvas viz Dharma medium for motion, Adharma medium for rest. Akasha (space) medium for existence, subsistence and Kala (time) medium for change, mutation, extension are only though passive and stationary yet essential forces where or because of which these happenings take place. It is obvious that without karma pudgala there will be no change in consoiousness i.e. Jiva and without time i.e. kala there will be no change in Karma "Paramanu” pudgala or Ajiva.
without "Dharma", there will be total inertia
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without "Adharma", there will be only continuous motion without slightest break
without "Akasha", there will be no room for existence
without therefore all of these taken together this universe will not be a cosmos but a chaos.
Any entity finer than "paramanu” Pudgala except consciousness is impossible and as earlier stated all happenings are between consciousness and karma pudgala according to Jainism. Ashrava is the inflow of this Karma pudgala, Bandha is its bondage, Samvara is its prevention, Nirjara is the outflux and Moksha is the final state of emancipation when Consciousness i.e. soul is totally liberated attaining its purest form, Arhanta while embodied and Siddha or Tirthankara when dis-embodied.
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All knowledge and conduct flow from the basic faith in Tattvas and that itself is Samyakdarshan, the perception, attitude and outlook of Samyaktva for the universe. All vows, austerities, <reflections i e. vratas, tapas, bhavanas, each of them 12 in number are only the means to develop and attain to this status.
