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material and can replicate independently of the replication of the cells. They are permanent residents in all higher organisms passed on from generation to generation to generation and living in intimate symbiosis within each cell. Similarly chloroplasts' of green plants which contain the chlorophyll are independent, self-replicating inhabitants in the plants' cells.
The five catagories of Ajiva are not all necessarily matter in the sense the word was generally understood until the setting up of the 'Modern Science' in which an aspect of 'consciousness' is accepted even in matter as a result of 'quantum theory of relativity of Einstein.' These togetherwith 'consciousness' of Jiva are described in Jainism as basic six Dravyas' from the Sanskrit root verb 'dru' to flow-substances of which the main characteristic is 'flowing'. All that is manifest in the universe and non-manifest in the beyond or above and under are always in motion. They exist, are 'sat' and as explained earlier by Sri Umaswami in his aphorism in 'Tattwartha sutram' Utpada vyaya dhrouvya-juktam sat' are a 'becoming' associated with origination, mutation and permanence. Forms are created, they grow, remain preserved and slowly degenerate aud then convert into othar forms, the essence however ramains permanent. There is thus always a change in permanence and vice versa. A 'dravya' thus is capable of eternal continuous existence through infinite succession of creation and cessation. The first category Pudgala' as the word indicates is made up of verb roots : 'pud' to fuse and gala' to fiss, that which undergoes both processes of fusion with others and fission of itself and it is this that is matter as understood in classical science as now distinct from modern science. This 'pudgala' matter is made up of paramanus' the last ultimate particles beyond which there cannot be any splitting up. It is imperceptible, indivisible, impene irable, incombustibie and indestructible. Its beginning, its middle and its end are identical with the whole of itself It is infinite in number, spatially filling the whole active universe, temporally eternal i.e. without beginning or end, qualitatively devoid of consciousness (in this, perhaps
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