________________
IDEALISM AND REALISM
149
“He who loves the world,” says Kundakunda," is bound in the chain of works. He who loves it not is loosed. This is in brief the doctrine of the Jainas with regard to the deliverance from spiritual bondage.”78 But very often the Jaina teachers lost sight of this teaching, particularly, in their keen rivalry with the Buddhist and other sects. Akalanka, for instance, we are told entered into a compact with king Hastimalla to grind the Buddhists in oil-mills in case of the latter's defeat in religious controversy.79 That this was not actually enforced does not absolve the Jaina guru from the sin of hypothetical violence ; even as king Yasodhara could not escape from the cycle of numerous re-births on account of his symbolical sacrifice, noticed earlier. Likewise, we find them carelessly giving vent to feelings of hatred against their Buddhist and other rivals in expressions like "Prosperity to Jinaśāsana, powerful to rebut its assailants, in splitting the skulls of the elephants opponents speakers ” ; 80 and “This king Jayaduttaranga cleft open the frontal globes of the lordly elephants the arrogant false disputants of the Ekānta-Mata with the thunderbolts the arguments based on scriptures”. 81 Māghanandi, a
politics and government and wealth, for which they substituted the future life as what was of real importance. They were both religions of peace, teaching gentleness and non-resistance, But both had to undergo great transformations in adapting themselves to the instinot: of warlike barbarians. In Japan a multitude of seots arose, teaching doctrines which differed in many ways from Mahāyāna orthodoxy(?). Buddhism becamo Aational and militaristic; the albuts of great monasteries beoame important feudal chieftains, whose monks constituted an army which was ready to fight on the slightest provooation, Sieges of monasteries and battles with monks are of constant occurrence in Japanes3 history." Rassel, The Problem of China,
pp. 91.2 78 Kundakunda, op. oit. 79 Cf. Ep. Car. II Introd., p. 84. 80 Ibid. v, Trans., pp. 189-90 81 Cf. Kudlur Plates of Mārasimha, Mysore Archaeological Roport,
1921, p. 22.
