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Jaina Íconography of Orissa
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blown by flying heavenly figures flanking the Tirthankara arè normally carved along with the main image. These chauri bearers are at times provided with separate lotus pedestals. In places like Suai, Jeypore and Kachela, the Rşabhanātha figures show the attendants displaying champak flowers instead of holding the fly-whisk or both. Rşabhanātha image bearing Sl. No. 11 of Balasore Museum does not show chauri bearers on the sides. The symbol of dharmachakra is noticed only with the second Rşabhanātha figure of Khiching Museum.
The Rşabhanātha image like all other Tirthankara figures from Charampa is shown with deep cut-marks in various parts of the body, the satisfactory explanation of which is still not available. In view of their uniform shape, it cannot be taken as accidental.
The Rşabha figures of Charampa, Adasapur (Fig. 81) Batesvar, Brahmesvar Patna, Chadheibar, No.11 of Balasore Museum, Cuttack Jaina temple and cave No.10 of Khandagiri (Fig.52) hill are represented with eight planets in the conventional meditative posture. They are carved four on each side, Ketu, the ninth being absent. They are normally depicted just above the chauri bearers but in case of one Rşabhanātha figure of cave No. 10 of Khandagiri hill they are shown below the chauri bearers (Fig. 52).
In the Jaina history, Rşabhanāthas or Vrşabhanātha is regarded as the founder of the religion. To substantiate this aspect his figures at places are represented with either all other twenty three Tirthankaras or some of them on the sides in seated or standing fashion. In that case Rşabhanātha has been regarded as mulanāyaka. The Rsabhanātha image of Dolamundai of Cuttack town (Fig. 74) is shown with four seated Tirthankaras and figure No. 1 of Khiching Museum with two, whereas figures from Pratapanagari (Fig. 78), Hatadiha (Fig. 77), Baripada, (Fig. 106) Adasapur (Fig. 81), Jāmuda, and No. 1 of Suai (Fig. 116) are shown with all the other twenty-three miniature Tirthankaras arranged in the state. These Tirthankaras thus shown are provided with their respective lañchanas in case of their representation with Rşabhanātha images preserved in the Baripada Museum, Badajaganatha temple (Baripada) (Fig. 106) and Suai (No. 10) (Fig. 116).
Auspicious Srivatsa mark on the chest of Rşabhanatha or other Jaina Tirthankaras is not very popular as evident from the large number of images we come across in Orissa. However, the Rşabhanātha image of Kali temple of Jeypore (Fig. 123), serial Nos. 7 and 10 (Fig. 116) of Suai and the Rşabhanātha image of Dolamundai of Cuttack town (Fig. 74) depict such a symbol on the broad chest of the Tirthankara. Trivāli on the neck is a common characteristic feature with all Rşabhanātha figures in Orissa.
In addition, we find representation of lotus and champak marks on either sides, mounted or simple elephants at the top, kirttimukha motif, makara torana at times supported by gajavidalas and trefoiled arch behind head of Rşabhanātha figures in Orissa.
Mounted elephants or simple representation of a pair of standing elephants are noticed with Rşabhanātha images preserved at Dolamundai of Cuttack town (Fig. 74),
