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MONUMENTS & SCULPTURE A.D. 1000 TO 1300
[PART V
fourteen fine polished black-stone pillars in the sabha-manḍapa. Two carved elephants are fixed at the sides of the entrance. A small and perhaps older Adinatha-basti near it in the southern vimana-style and a Santinatha-basti in Hoysala style are also found near it. There is a mana-stambha with a caparisoned horse galloping eastwards. The Pañcakūta-basti at Markuli is of the time of Ballala II, having been erected by Bucchimayya, his minister in 1173. It is for Adinatha, Neminātha, Pārśvanatha, Puspadanta and Supārsvanatha. It has also a twelve-armed figure of Yakşi Cakreśvari. It is in early Hoysala style. At Halebid there are three large large temples in one and the same compound. The westernmost is for Pārsvanatha, with a statue 4.3 m. high in fine black stone in the sabhā-mandapa. There are eight niches, three on each side and two more at the entrance. The nava-ranga shows a stout seated figure of Sarvahna Yakṣa and Küṣmaṇdini Yakṣi, to the right and left respectively. The middle temple, the smallest in the group, is for Adinatha, flanked by Gomukha and Cakreśvari. There is a sculpture of a seated Sarasvati in the nava-ranga. The easternmost temple, dedicated to Santinatha, is devoid of any carvings but has high doorways, nearly 4 m. high. The Santinatha figure itself is somewhat higher and is flanked by Kimpuruşa and Mahāmānasa. These represent the most intact examples of Jaina temples at Halebid and display a purity of style affiliated to the southern vimāna-order and a simplicity in decoration. They have an entrance-mandapa with elephants on the balustraded steps. Built in 1155, the ruined basti at Heragu reveals sharp and fresh carvings. It is dedicated to Pärśvanatha.
The Säntisvara-basti at Nittur, District Tumkur, of the mid-twelfth century, has the full complement of a garbha-gṛha, an ardha-mandapa, a navaranga and a mukha-manḍapa, with the ceiling of the nava ranga showing the Dik-pala grid. The original image in the sanctum is lost but a fresh one is now available. The outer wall carries double-pilastered vimana-panjaras, with seated or standing Jina figures intervening, many of them unfinished. The northern and southern walls of the nava-ranga have two empty niches with female figures at the sides. The Parsvanatha-basti at Heggere, in the same District, built in black stone, is a fine Hoysala structure with its garbha-gṛha ardha-mandapa and nava-ranga all well-preserved. It is the only basti of its kind in the region with the Sukanäsa-entrance having perforated side-screens even for its pediment. The nava-ranga is supported by four black-stone pillars. The central kṣipta-ceiling has a kuḍmala-pendentive. Other ceilings are of the samatala-type. The outer walls are plain except for floral bands. The temple appears to have been built in circa 1160 by Mahāsāmanta Govideva in memory of his consort, Mahadevi Nayakitti.
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