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CHAPTER 24)
THE DECCAN & SOUTH INDIA
umbrella for the lord, taken often as Mailamā and her husband (plate 206B). Within this temple are caumukha and cauvisi blocks in granite. The temple is datable to circa 1117.
The Kollipāka Jaina temple, built by Kumāra Tailapa, lies in a ruined state and, like the Lakshmeswar in western Karnataka, was seemingly destroyed during Coļa invasions. It was one of the most important centres of Jainism in the Deccan. Vestiges like pürna-ghata on the door-jambs of some of the smaller shrines here, māna-stambha, carvings of Adinātha, Padmavati and a high stone torana, etc., proclaim the busy activity under Jainism the place witnessed.
At Bhogapuram between Vizianagaram and Bhimunipatnam, is an important Jaina temple of Parśvanātha called Rājarāja-Jinālaya, built by Mannama Nāyaka in 1187 during the reign of Anantavarman Rājarāja. Only the sculpture of the deity, about 1 m. high and impressive by any standards, remains now.
Chippagiri is said to have close associations with the Kaļaсüri king Bijiala's life, and the Jaina temple here on the hill was probably built was slightly earlier. The layout comprises the garbha-grha, ardha-mandapa and maha-mand apa, the last being of the nava-ranga type with a beautifully-carved central ankaņa of four pillars and also a mukha-mandapa. It is interesting that the nava-ranga has kakşāsana parapets on the interior all round, as in the Kakatiya and later Cāļukya temples,
K. V. SOUNDARA RAJAN
MONUMENTS IN TAMIL NADU
The Jaina monuments of the Tamil country pose certain problems regarding the date of their origins and period of construction (or erection), due to the fact that most of them represent different stages of construction of different periods, starting from the Pallava down to the Vijayanagara times. Some of these monuments have also been subjected to extensive renovation in later or more recent times. Hence it would be extremely difficult to them or describe them as belonging to any one period, according to the division adopted in this work. As a result, monuments of the Cola period with additions or renovations made in Vijayanagara times may find place in two chapters, A.D. 600-1000 and 1300-1800, the intermediate period being treated either as a sequel to the first or as a prelude to the second. An idea of
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