Jain Journal 2004 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 12

R.P. PODDAR:RELIGION (DHARMA)
213
limits in respect of (i) corn-field, (ii) gold, (iii) food grains and money, (iv) servants and cattle, and (v) household fittings and furniture on specious reasons.
A householder transgresses the observance of (1) upabhogaparibhoga-parimāņa, by consuming (i) living substances (sacittāhāra), (ii) extracts from living substances (sacittapratibaddhāhāra), (iii-iv) unripe or artificially ripened medicinal fruits or seeds (apakva-, duspakva-oșadhi-bhakṣaṇa and (v) pods in which seeds are yet to develop (tucchoşadhi-bhakşaņa).
Besides a householder should avoid such means of livelihood as involve injury to living beings. Fifteen such have been enumerated, viz. (i) making a fire (angāra-karma, for baking bricks, making charcoal etc); (ii) felling trees (vanakarma); (iii) making carts (sakațakarma); (iv) working carts or ferries on hire (bhātākarma); (v) digging earth or breaking stones (sphoțakarma), dealing in (vi) ivory (danta), (vii) lac (lākṣā), (viii) liquors (rasa); (ix) poison (visa) and (x) hair (keśa); (xi) crushing (yantra-pidaņa); (xii) branding or castrating an animal (nirlāñchana), (xiii) burning wood (dāvāgnidāha), (xiv) draining lakes, rivers and tanks (sara-hrada-tāla-soșana) and (xv) running a brothel (asatijanapoșana).
Digvrata is transgressed by extending the fixed limits in (i) vertical; (ii) nether and (iii) horizontal directions (ürdhva-adhaḥ-tiryakdikpramāṇātikrama), by (iv) interchanging the limits among directions at will and also by (v) forgetfulnes;(3) anartha-daņdatyāga by (i) lechery (kandarpa), (ii) mockery (kautkucya), (iii) garrulity (maukharya), (iv) making only one component of a tool etc. (consisting of more than one components) (samyuktādhikarana), and (v) left overs etc. (upabhoga-paribhogātirikta). Observance of (4) deśāvakāśika vrata is transgressed by ordering necessary things from and sending things away beyond the fixed range of activity, (i) by a messenger (ānayanaprayoga), (ii) by a representative (presyaprayoga)', (iii) by audio signals (śabdānupāta), (iv) by visual signals (rūpānupāta) and (v) by a projectile (pudgala-prakṣepa).
Observance of sāmāyika is transgressed by (i-111) ill application of mind, speech and body (mano-vākyāya-duspraạidhāna); (iv) nonobservance due to forgetfulness (smrtyakaraṇam); (v) irregular and hurried observance or observance in a state of unsteadiness (anavasthitasya karaṇam). (6) Proșadhopavāsa is transgressed by (i