Jain Journal 2004 04

Author(s): Jain Bhawan Publication
Publisher: Jain Bhawan Publication

Page 53

254
JAIN JOURNAL: VOL-XXXVUI, NO. 4 APRIL. 2004
combination with the same letter n gives us a good sense. The verse in question is not really meant for alliteration, but is meant for showing the infinite power of sound combination. The verse says--
па попапиппо пиппопо пünü папапапа папи/ пиппо 'пиппаппo пaпипneno nönen пиппапипnanut /
(Ki XV. 14) "No man is he who is wounded by a low man; no man is the man who wounds a low man, o ye of divine aspect; the wounded is not wounded if his master is unwounded; nor guiltless is he who wounds one sore wounded.”[translated by A. B. Keith, A History of Sanskrit Literature, Oxford, 1920, p 114.]
Deep Structure, Surface Structure and Transformation.
Tātparya can be equated with the deep structure, surface structure and transformation of the modern linguistic theory,
It is normally said that sentences of all languages must have a deep structure and a surface structure. The deep structure gives the meaning of a sentence, while the surface structure gives the form of a sentence as it is used in communication. The basic idea of deep and surface structures can only be understood when a person listens to some one else speaking a language. What is most important is to find out a meaning in sounds of a language. The deep and surface structures are based on finding out a meaning in sounds. In fact, what we say is tantamount to saying that the form of a sentence is given outwardly by its surface structure, while the meaning of a sentence is conveyed by its deep structure. Take a sentence like-a new idea is often valuable.
The main function of the deep structure is to elucidate the explicit meaning of a sentence which is not provided by a surface structure outwardly. Here
a new idea
may mean
the idea is new the idea is, in fact, new the idea which is new
in the deep structure
the idea is new In the above sentence, the deep structure meaning of “the idea is new” is not explicitly conveyed by the surface structure- “a new
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For this, see Roderick A. Jacobs and Peter S. Rosenbaum, English Transformational Grammar; Blaisdell Publishing Company, Waltham, Massachusetts. 1968. Quotations are indicated by page numbers,